Enzymes play a crucial role as biological catalysts in regulating the rate of chemical reactions in living organisms, facilitating essential processes such as digestion, metabolism, and energy transformation without being consumed in the reaction. They operate by binding to specific substrates at their active sites, forming enzyme-substrate complexes and lowering the activation energy required for the reactions to occur, thus increasing reaction rates significantly[1][4][5].
Each enzyme is highly specific to its substrate, acting on particular molecules to produce defined products. They ensure that metabolic pathways function correctly, allowing the body to manage various biochemical processes efficiently[2][3][4].
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