Mitochondria are often referred to as the 'powerhouses of the cell' because their primary function is to generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the energy currency of the cell, through a series of chemical reactions involved in cellular respiration[1][3][5]. These organelles also play critical roles in various cellular functions, including calcium storage, regulation of metabolic activities, and apoptosis, which is the process of programmed cell death[1][2][4].
In addition to energy production, mitochondria are involved in thermogenesis and cell signaling, influencing important cellular processes such as growth and differentiation[2][5]. Their unique structure, including the inner and outer membranes, facilitates these diverse functions[3][4].
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