Non-Communicable Diseases: Risk Factors and other Health Problems 271 Sociodemographic Characteristics Excellent Health Literacy Level (Score >42-50) Count Estimated Population Prevalence (%) 95% CI Lower Upper Bumiputera Sarawak 74 178,370 18.9 15.10 23.32 Others 65 269,700 13.2 7.60 22.03 Marital Status Single 409 1,209,449 21.2 18.32 24.35 Married 1,443 3,171,466 24.5 22.43 26.70 Widow(er)/Divorcee 138 204,996 15.5 12.42 19.26 Education Level No Formal Education 36 75,372 8.5* 4.58 15.25 Primary Education 293 563,460 15.9 12.26 20.38 Secondary Education 1,059 2,344,570 23.6 21.60 25.79 Tertiary Education 596 1,597,936 28.9 25.68 32.38 Occupation Government Employee 264 511,536 33.3 28.33 38.59 Private Employee 639 1,827,656 23.3 20.82 26.07 Self Employed 354 852,734 24.8 20.33 29.83 Unpaid Worker/Homemaker 366 663,791 19.9 17.00 23.07 Retiree 109 199,720 26.7 21.22 32.97 Student 53 165,667 22.6 16.43 30.30 Not Workingb 205 364,807 15.6 12.95 18.76 Household Income Group Less than RM 1,000 126 205,570 13.7 10.72 17.39 RM 1,000 - RM 1,999 348 810,587 21.3 17.21 26.13 RM 2,000 - RM 3,999 611 1,418,224 23.7 20.67 27.10 RM 4,000 - RM 5,999 366 826,042 25.8 22.72 29.19 RM 6,000 - RM 7,999 197 481,420 24.9 20.20 30.33 RM 8,000 - RM 9,999 80 181,172 20.8 14.63 28.80 RM 10,000 and above 168 398,750 25.6 19.98 32.10 Household Income Quintile Quintile 1 303 557,394 16.2 13.47 19.38 Quintile 2 364 962,191 25.6 20.92 31.00 Quintile 3 382 827,483 22.0 18.85 25.57 Quintile 4 402 913,354 25.9 23.00 29.07 Quintile 5 445 1,061,342 24.3 21.03 27.98 Household Income Category Bottom 40% 1,189 2,644,908 21.9 19.67 24.31 Middle 40% 510 1,227,921 24.6 21.78 27.73 Top 20% 197 448,936 25.3 20.31 31.13
National Health and Morbidity Survey 2019 Technical Report − Volume I 272 Table 21.3: Prevalence of Health Literacy Level for Disease Prevention Domain Among Adults Aged 18 Years and Above in Malaysia by Socio-Demographic Characteristics (n=9,478) Sociodemographic Characteristics Limited Health Literacy Level (Score 0-33) Sufficient Health Literacy Level (Score >33-42) Count Estimated Population Prevalence (%) 95% CI Count Estimated Population Prevalence (%) 95% CI Lower Upper Lower Upper MALAYSIA 3,139 6,459,887 32.3 30.39 34.20 4,391 8,857,004 44.2 42.42 46.06 State Johor 220 574,598 24.1 18.26 18.26 332 875,562 36.8 31.22 42.70 Kedah 206 469,013 37.5 28.24 28.24 210 503,529 40.2 32.04 48.96 Kelantan 137 277,919 29.5 25.45 25.45 220 465,536 49.4 45.33 53.50 Melaka 104 99,283 19.2 13.27 13.27 293 291,791 56.4 51.36 61.28 Negeri Sembilan 93 123,697 23.0 18.63 18.63 193 269,589 50.0 41.82 58.21 Pahang 225 330,514 35.3 30.56 30.56 236 413,477 44.2 40.05 48.33 Pulau Pinang 239 435,917 39.4 32.61 32.61 239 510,459 46.1 40.28 52.06 Perak 214 567,454 38.6 33.57 33.57 182 479,217 32.6 26.23 39.60 Perlis 169 42,045 27.3 20.97 20.97 270 80,288 52.2 47.11 57.17 Selangor 309 1,268,322 28.6 23.83 23.83 544 2,160,696 48.7 43.64 53.74 Terengganu 227 261,953 39.1 34.20 34.20 243 283,657 42.3 38.39 46.35 Sabah 357 1,083,733 42.9 37.25 37.25 350 1,034,043 40.9 35.34 46.71 Sarawak 257 607,863 33.8 28.76 28.76 313 795,308 44.2 40.39 48.08 WP Kuala Lumpur 124 287,456 24.6 19.12 19.12 228 629,932 54.0 47.94 59.92 WP Labuan 156 18,069 28.6 23.38 23.38 272 34,020 53.8 48.14 59.28 WP Putrajaya 102 12,052 22.0 17.70 17.70 266 29,901 54.7 49.13 60.06 Location Urban 1,728 4,690,038 30.0 27.77 32.31 2,786 7,051,190 45.1 42.88 47.31 Rural 1,411 1,769,850 40.4 37.32 43.51 1,605 1,805,813 41.2 38.65 43.80 Sex Male 1,460 3,524,300 34.3 31.53 37.15 2,019 4,477,465 43.6 40.88 46.27 Female 1,679 2,935,588 30.1 28.16 32.18 2,372 4,379,538 45.0 42.96 46.95 Age Group (Years) 18-19 117 340,310 39.1 31.60 47.18 137 334,015 38.4 31.34 45.96 20-24 324 1,080,088 38.9 33.65 44.38 416 1,220,582 43.9 38.40 49.63 25-29 252 874,753 30.1 25.59 35.04 442 1,272,308 43.8 38.90 48.79 30-34 248 756,057 30.0 25.27 35.19 460 1,010,260 40.1 35.52 44.82 35-39 264 569,851 25.0 21.08 29.31 526 1,136,130 49.8 45.18 54.38 40-44 208 400,878 22.6 18.89 26.89 438 903,825 51.1 46.17 55.90 45-49 231 394,542 25.1 21.07 29.56 419 776,185 49.3 43.93 54.76 50-54 270 458,539 32.2 27.94 36.85 428 660,633 46.4 41.82 51.12 55-59 289 397,195 31.9 27.59 36.57 367 560,379 45.0 39.98 50.17 60-64 286 387,308 39.4 34.07 45.03 317 398,664 40.6 35.48 45.89 65-69 235 279,918 39.7 32.65 47.21 212 296,279 42.0 35.13 49.24 70-74 195 224,224 48.0 40.95 55.08 118 141,332 30.2 24.46 36.72 75 & above 220 296,224 59.3 52.32 65.88 111 146,413 29.3 23.80 35.48 Ethnicity Malaya 1,889 2,952,177 28.6 26.70 30.55 2,970 4,777,794 46.3 44.50 48.05 Chinese 400 1,301,764 30.9 26.31 35.94 494 1,779,342 42.3 37.17 47.52 Indian 171 325,702 28.4 23.07 34.46 233 469,983 41.0 35.28 46.99 Bumiputera Sabah 248 489,857 36.4 29.88 43.50 293 608,030 45.2 39.44 51.10
Non-Communicable Diseases: Risk Factors and other Health Problems 273 Sociodemographic Characteristics Excellent Health Literacy Level (Score >42-50) Count Estimated Population Prevalence (%) 95% CI Lower Upper MALAYSIA 2,069 4,705,860 23.5 21.84 25.25 State Johor 294 930,770 39.1 31.58 47.16 Kedah 107 279,677 22.3 17.21 28.47 Kelantan 100 198,743 21.1 17.49 25.21 Melaka 145 126,440 24.4 19.34 30.36 Negeri Sembilan 96 145,722 27.0 20.11 35.29 Pahang 107 192,520 20.6 17.94 23.45 Pulau Pinang 78 160,592 14.5 9.76 21.03 Perak 155 425,280 28.9 23.34 35.16 Perlis 92 31,585 20.5 15.79 26.23 Selangor 233 1,009,802 22.8 19.08 26.89 Terengganu 102 124,678 18.6 15.46 22.21 Sabah 108 410,452 16.2 12.80 20.37 Sarawak 154 396,267 22.0 17.37 27.50 WP Kuala Lumpur 98 249,370 21.4 15.35 28.95 WP Labuan 87 11,199 17.7 13.82 22.38 WP Putrajaya 113 12,764 23.3 18.45 29.03 Location Urban 1,388 3,898,378 24.9 22.91 27.06 Rural 681 807,482 18.4 16.22 20.85 Sex Male 894 2,277,413 22.2 19.94 24.55 Female 1,175 2,428,447 24.9 23.00 26.95 Age Group (Years) 18-19 71 195,778 22.5 16.43 30.01 20-24 169 477,518 17.2 14.07 20.83 25-29 240 758,905 26.1 22.12 30.55 30-34 256 754,035 29.9 24.34 36.16 35-39 234 576,351 25.3 21.39 29.55 40-44 202 465,865 26.3 21.99 31.15 45-49 199 402,584 25.6 21.32 30.38 50-54 188 303,539 21.3 17.61 25.60 55-59 197 286,980 23.1 18.66 28.14 60-64 136 196,510 20.0 16.38 24.19 65-69 87 128,814 18.3 13.78 23.81 70-74 58 101,862 21.8 15.39 29.91 75 & above 32 57,120 11.4 7.27 17.52 Ethnicity Malaya 1,390 2,596,669 25.2 23.35 27.03 Chinese 281 1,129,325 26.8 22.50 31.64 Indian 170 350,412 30.6 25.18 36.56 Bumiputera Sabah 97 247,202 18.4 14.32 23.27
National Health and Morbidity Survey 2019 Technical Report − Volume I 274 Table 21.3: Prevalence of Health Literacy Level for Disease Prevention Domain Among Adults Aged 18 Years and Above in Malaysia by Socio-Demographic Characteristics (n=9,478) (cont’d) Sociodemographic Characteristics Limited Health Literacy Level (Score 0-33) Sufficient Health Literacy Level (Score >33-42) Count Estimated Population Prevalence (%) 95% CI Count Estimated Population Prevalence (%) 95% CI Lower Upper Lower Upper Bumiputera Sarawak 162 354,516 37.6 29.91 46.06 183 418,650 44.5 38.26 50.82 Others 269 1,035,872 50.5 42.02 58.88 218 803,206 39.1 31.28 47.59 Marital Status Single 709 2,136,628 37.1 33.63 40.68 944 2,444,561 42.4 39.07 45.86 Married 1,996 3,765,250 29.1 27.06 31.20 3,085 5,908,097 45.6 43.55 47.75 Widow(er)/Divorcee 434 558,009 42.4 37.38 47.52 362 504,346 38.3 33.60 43.22 Education Level No Formal Education 318 553,556 62.9 54.98 70.22 125 241,254 27.4 21.63 34.08 Primary Education 952 1,653,968 46.4 41.89 50.98 750 1,419,699 39.8 35.67 44.15 Secondary Education 1,408 3,097,920 31.1 28.93 33.43 2,252 4,435,634 44.6 42.31 46.87 Tertiary Education 439 1,083,769 19.6 17.14 22.30 1,252 2,737,304 49.5 46.47 52.49 Occupation Government Employee 164 236,148 15.3 12.40 18.78 543 728,159 47.2 42.15 52.40 Private Employee 857 2,553,678 32.5 29.14 36.02 1,359 3,507,976 44.6 41.26 48.04 Self Employed 593 1,087,406 31.4 27.88 35.13 792 1,600,542 46.2 42.06 50.41 Unpaid Worker/Homemaker 637 1,066,841 32.0 28.73 35.38 850 1,490,566 44.7 41.12 48.25 Retiree 124 197,912 26.5 20.17 34.00 234 340,813 45.7 39.29 52.16 Student 75 228,270 31.0 23.43 39.77 139 350,583 47.6 39.61 55.77 Not Workingb 685 1,083,993 46.5 42.07 51.06 474 838,365 36.0 32.05 40.13 Household Income Group Less than RM 1,000 453 717,894 47.8 42.92 52.71 339 598,307 39.8 35.61 44.21 RM 1,000 - RM 1,999 723 1,411,671 37.2 33.48 41.14 839 1,614,390 42.6 38.54 46.71 RM 2,000 - RM 3,999 899 1,973,046 32.8 29.89 35.94 1,276 2,604,687 43.4 40.23 46.53 RM 4,000 - RM 5,999 392 857,313 26.6 23.25 30.32 733 1,532,564 47.6 43.63 51.64 RM 6,000 - RM 7,999 235 562,749 29.3 23.42 35.87 426 867,549 45.1 38.87 51.50 RM 8,000 - RM 9,999 82 157,225 18.0 13.24 23.91 213 488,104 55.8 48.76 62.54 RM 10,000 and above 142 384,165 24.6 16.28 35.42 337 707,004 45.3 37.76 53.06 Household Income Quintile Quintile 1 848 1,446,965 42.1 38.46 45.72 751 1,441,784 41.9 38.43 45.44 Quintile 2 645 1,372,873 36.6 32.57 40.78 812 1,523,183 40.6 36.22 45.09 Quintile 3 536 1,169,363 31.0 27.35 34.95 808 1,711,560 45.4 41.56 49.31 Quintile 4 438 970,723 27.3 24.08 30.77 816 1,673,422 47.1 43.34 50.81 Quintile 5 459 1,104,140 25.3 21.16 30.00 976 2,062,657 47.3 43.29 51.37 Household Income Category Bottom 40% 2,174 4,169,121 34.4 32.29 36.63 2,711 5,337,583 44.1 41.83 46.33 Middle 40% 582 1,454,277 29.1 25.45 33.12 1,092 2,277,942 45.6 41.96 49.38 Top 20% 170 440,665 24.8 17.31 34.16 360 797,082 44.8 38.32 51.55 a - Malay includes Orang Asli b - Not working includes Unemployed, and Old Age