Non-Communicable Diseases: Risk Factors and other Health Problems 267 Sociodemographic Characteristics Excellent Health Literacy Level (Score >42-50) Count Estimated Population Prevalence (%) 95% CI Lower Upper Bumiputera Sarawak 83 193,926 20.6 14.55 28.30 Others 64 226,023 11.2 7.21 16.96 Marital Status Single 412 1,251,879 22.0 19.12 25.20 Married 1,521 3,304,694 25.8 23.72 28.04 Widow(er)/Divorcee 141 236,368 18.4 14.85 22.67 Education Level No Formal Education 35 79,327 9.0 4.89 16.06 Primary Education 272 478,224 13.8 11.34 16.58 Secondary Education 1,104 2,516,591 25.6 23.51 27.84 Tertiary Education 659 1,715,215 31.2 28.11 34.54 Occupation Government Employee 296 547,971 36.0 31.17 41.16 Private Employee 657 1,917,504 24.6 21.95 27.54 Self Employed 351 800,818 23.5 19.69 27.75 Unpaid Worker/Homemaker 401 768,734 23.4 20.21 26.85 Retiree 115 217,411 29.4 23.74 35.78 Student 58 154,403 21.1 15.54 28.07 Not Workingb 195 384,820 16.8 13.96 20.17 Household Income Group Less than RM 1,000 119 203,279 13.7 10.35 17.85 RM 1,000 - RM 1,999 341 793,522 21.1 16.98 26.00 RM 2,000 - RM 3,999 649 1,490,772 25.3 22.60 28.12 RM 4,000 - RM 5,999 389 873,542 27.5 24.08 31.13 RM 6,000 - RM 7,999 205 503,923 26.3 21.59 31.56 RM 8,000 - RM 9,999 93 224,631 26.0 19.43 33.81 RM 10,000 and above 185 427,623 27.8 22.20 34.18 Household Income Quintile Quintile 1 302 569,059 16.7 13.90 19.89 Quintile 2 361 892,091 24.1 19.89 28.90 Quintile 3 408 947,231 25.6 22.41 28.98 Quintile 4 427 952,734 27.2 24.02 30.59 Quintile 5 483 1,156,177 26.8 23.43 30.36 Household Income Category Bottom 40% 1,225 2,687,165 22.5 20.41 24.77 Middle 40% 547 1,353,749 27.3 24.27 30.53 Top 20% 209 476,377 27.3 22.06 33.13
National Health and Morbidity Survey 2019 Technical Report − Volume I 268 Table 21.2: Prevalence of Health Literacy Level for Healthcare Domain Among Adults Aged 18 Years and Above in Malaysia by Socio-Demographic Characteristics (n=9,478) Sociodemographic Characteristics Limited Health Literacy Level (Score 0-33) Sufficient Health Literacy Level (Score >33-42) Count Estimated Population Prevalence (%) 95% CI Count Estimated Population Prevalence (%) 95% CI Lower Upper Lower Upper MALAYSIA 2,708 5,573,802 27.9 26.01 29.89 4,888 9,813,215 49.1 47.22 51.05 State Johor 191 491,302 20.8 15.25 27.70 374 1,001,828 42.4 36.49 48.55 Kedah 153 343,035 27.8 20.32 36.67 207 507,226 41.0 34.09 48.37 Kelantan 105 216,275 23.0 18.30 28.52 249 510,184 54.3 48.36 60.10 Melaka 101 95,502 18.6 13.06 25.80 300 289,954 56.5 51.50 61.32 Negeri Sembilan 107 154,727 28.6 22.71 35.25 188 262,747 48.5 40.51 56.59 Pahang 143 218,922 23.4 19.25 28.13 320 528,819 56.5 51.93 61.01 Pulau Pinang 196 355,527 32.4 25.37 40.26 283 599,970 54.6 48.00 61.10 Perak 185 478,743 32.6 27.70 37.83 239 650,248 44.2 38.98 49.61 Perlis 147 38,068 24.5 20.08 29.64 295 86,459 55.8 51.43 59.98 Selangor 273 1,127,517 25.5 20.43 31.38 592 2,324,467 52.6 47.40 57.78 Terengganu 176 209,234 31.1 28.17 34.26 275 329,781 49.1 45.68 52.46 Sabah 299 880,724 34.8 28.90 41.28 401 1,207,448 47.8 40.85 54.75 Sarawak 278 655,481 36.3 31.40 41.44 307 791,903 43.8 39.33 48.40 WP Kuala Lumpur 120 281,794 23.9 17.99 31.09 241 648,996 55.1 47.63 62.38 WP Labuan 124 13,724 21.7 17.16 27.08 316 39,255 62.1 56.14 67.72 WP Putrajaya 110 13,225 24.2 20.17 28.71 301 33,930 62.1 58.18 65.77 Location Urban 1,539 4,132,020 26.5 24.27 28.88 3,062 7,690,252 49.3 47.05 51.63 Rural 1,169 1,441,782 32.9 29.72 36.20 1,826 2,122,963 48.4 45.29 51.56 Sex Male 1,148 2,839,405 27.7 24.97 30.67 2,245 4,840,073 47.3 44.42 50.13 Female 1,560 2,734,397 28.1 26.04 30.24 2,643 4,973,142 51.1 49.01 53.19 Age Group (Years) 18-19 106 293,859 34.1 26.81 42.21 157 402,629 46.7 39.01 54.57 20-24 259 901,960 32.7 27.59 38.14 472 1,249,887 45.2 40.30 50.28 25-29 237 789,533 27.3 22.99 32.02 475 1,387,448 47.9 42.69 53.22 30-34 218 623,408 24.8 20.25 30.01 519 1,186,184 47.2 42.07 52.40 35-39 234 535,914 23.5 20.05 27.31 569 1,252,487 54.9 50.24 59.46 40-44 203 390,011 22.0 18.05 26.59 453 930,359 52.5 47.22 57.81 45-49 193 352,114 22.2 18.47 26.44 464 839,807 53.0 47.96 57.87 50-54 215 331,877 23.4 19.58 27.79 475 751,769 53.1 48.57 57.56 55-59 217 306,288 24.6 20.58 29.11 454 677,508 54.4 49.76 58.98 60-64 229 305,101 31.5 26.62 36.88 354 457,807 47.3 41.54 53.14 65-69 220 278,036 39.7 33.02 46.70 232 305,821 43.6 36.86 50.63 70-74 162 166,102 35.4 28.69 42.78 150 224,594 47.9 40.45 55.44 75 & above 215 299,599 59.6 52.97 65.81 114 146,915 29.2 23.63 35.48 Ethnicity Malaya 1,575 2,438,038 23.7 21.91 25.53 3,336 5,382,470 52.3 50.29 54.22 Chinese 378 1,173,309 27.9 23.69 32.56 542 2,000,761 47.6 43.13 52.09 Indian 153 279,319 24.5 19.05 30.80 246 484,052 42.4 37.23 47.67 Bumiputera Sabah 208 431,607 32.2 26.25 38.71 336 660,996 49.3 42.23 56.31
Non-Communicable Diseases: Risk Factors and other Health Problems 269 Sociodemographic Characteristics Excellent Health Literacy Level (Score >42-50) Count Estimated Population Prevalence (%) 95% CI Lower Upper MALAYSIA 1,990 4,585,911 23.0 21.25 24.76 State Johor 275 869,410 36.8 29.55 44.70 Kedah 159 385,568 31.2 25.36 37.70 Kelantan 103 213,246 22.7 18.36 27.70 Melaka 139 128,006 24.9 18.02 33.41 Negeri Sembilan 82 124,109 22.9 15.45 32.59 Pahang 104 187,818 20.1 16.82 23.78 Pulau Pinang 74 142,708 13.0 8.99 18.43 Perak 126 341,200 23.2 18.00 29.39 Perlis 93 30,570 19.7 15.96 24.08 Selangor 218 965,858 21.9 18.00 26.28 Terengganu 123 133,082 19.8 15.87 24.42 Sabah 114 440,097 17.4 12.69 23.41 Sarawak 143 359,871 19.9 16.13 24.32 WP Kuala Lumpur 93 246,613 21.0 14.99 28.48 WP Labuan 74 10,229 16.2 12.21 21.14 WP Putrajaya 70 7,527 13.8 10.47 17.89 Location Urban 1,288 3,765,786 24.2 22.06 26.39 Rural 702 820,125 18.7 16.80 20.77 Sex Male 976 2,560,853 25.0 22.57 27.61 Female 1,014 2,025,058 20.8 19.03 22.70 Age Group (Years) 18-19 59 165,500 19.2 13.87 25.97 20-24 176 610,803 22.1 17.36 27.72 25-29 219 717,736 24.8 20.63 29.49 30-34 228 703,242 28.0 22.39 34.36 35-39 218 493,378 21.6 18.18 25.52 40-44 195 450,243 25.4 20.88 30.59 45-49 197 394,189 24.9 20.98 29.18 50-54 197 332,444 23.5 19.95 27.41 55-59 179 261,408 21.0 17.02 25.61 60-64 145 204,932 21.2 17.19 25.79 65-69 81 117,268 16.7 12.32 22.30 70-74 59 78,212 16.7 12.08 22.58 75 & above 37 56,555 11.2 7.47 16.59 Ethnicity Malaya 1,332 2,479,548 24.1 22.16 26.10 Chinese 253 1,029,731 24.5 20.13 29.45 Indian 173 379,213 33.2 28.05 38.76 Bumiputera Sabah 93 249,350 18.6 13.75 24.63
National Health and Morbidity Survey 2019 Technical Report − Volume I 270 Table 21.2: Prevalence of Health Literacy Level for Healthcare Domain Among Adults Aged 18 Years and Above in Malaysia by Socio-Demographic Characteristics (n=9,478) (cont’d) Sociodemographic Characteristics Limited Health Literacy Level (Score 0-33) Sufficient Health Literacy Level (Score >33-42) Count Estimated Population Prevalence (%) 95% CI Count Estimated Population Prevalence (%) 95% CI Lower Upper Lower Upper Bumiputera Sarawak 164 366,091 38.7 32.19 45.69 183 400,909 42.4 37.34 47.64 Others 230 885,439 43.4 34.54 52.74 245 884,026 43.4 34.73 52.40 Marital Status Single 609 1,847,342 32.4 28.65 36.29 1,037 2,653,485 46.5 42.84 50.13 Married 1,709 3,174,934 24.5 22.52 26.66 3,435 6,596,862 51.0 48.78 53.15 Widow(er)/Divorcee 390 551,526 41.8 37.19 46.56 416 562,867 42.7 38.39 47.05 Education Level No Formal Education 307 539,840 60.9 52.66 68.59 137 271,024 30.6 24.00 38.07 Primary Education 790 1,414,887 39.9 35.43 44.60 890 1,565,107 44.2 39.74 48.69 Secondary Education 1,129 2,465,036 24.9 22.71 27.12 2,528 5,111,544 51.5 49.15 53.88 Tertiary Education 464 1,090,661 19.7 17.29 22.43 1,322 2,838,220 51.4 48.44 54.26 Occupation Government Employee 194 283,994 18.5 15.02 22.50 568 742,357 48.3 43.24 53.34 Private Employee 714 2,155,409 27.5 24.00 31.36 1,514 3,847,386 49.1 45.54 52.74 Self Employed 465 843,188 24.5 21.45 27.83 904 1,745,634 50.7 46.54 54.90 Unpaid Worker/Homemaker 514 886,239 26.5 23.39 29.90 992 1,792,208 53.6 49.90 57.30 Retiree 109 172,759 23.1 17.22 30.21 252 375,864 50.2 43.54 56.91 Student 74 197,124 26.9 19.54 35.84 145 369,536 50.5 42.30 58.60 Not Workingb 635 1,032,049 44.2 39.95 48.60 511 936,350 40.1 35.87 44.55 Household Income Group
Less than RM 1,000 373 599,984 40.0 35.14 45.12 405 693,447 46.3 41.53 51.06 RM 1,000 - RM 1,999 610 1,221,492 32.1 28.14 36.42 930 1,768,284 46.5 41.87 51.25 RM 2,000 - RM 3,999 725 1,580,476 26.5 23.40 29.75 1,473 2,975,342 49.8 46.38 53.23 RM 4,000 - RM 5,999 357 718,959 22.5 19.73 25.48 770 1,653,755 51.7 47.95 55.43 RM 6,000 - RM 7,999 218 531,767 27.5 22.21 33.57 460 918,348 47.5 41.88 53.28 RM 8,000 - RM 9,999 79 191,754 22.1 16.48 28.87 229 496,414 57.1 49.62 64.27 RM 10,000 and above 157 399,302 25.6 17.12 36.45 367 761,360 48.8 41.17 56.54 Household Income Quintile Quintile 1 694 1,228,714 35.7 32.05 39.58 895 1,652,882 48.1 43.99 52.16 Quintile 2 528 1,127,095 30.0 25.98 34.42 903 1,663,505 44.3 39.96 48.79 Quintile 3 445 947,733 25.2 21.88 28.90 922 1,981,507 52.8 48.84 56.62 Quintile 4 398 817,368 23.2 20.58 26.03 858 1,792,933 50.9 47.35 54.41 Quintile 5 454 1,122,823 25.8 21.57 30.43 1,056 2,176,122 49.9 45.74 54.08 Household Income Category Bottom 40% 1,789 3,435,122 28.5 26.13 30.89 3,101 5,996,039 49.7 47.17 52.14 Middle 40% 555 1,314,577 26.4 23.27 29.73 1,142 2,442,058 49.0 45.62 52.38 Top 20% 175 494,036 27.9 20.39 36.85 391 828,852 46.8 40.23 53.44 a - Malay includes Orang Asli b - Not working includes Unemployed, and Old Age