Non-Communicable Diseases: Risk Factors and other Health Problems 275 Sociodemographic Characteristics Excellent Health Literacy Level (Score >42-50) Count Estimated Population Prevalence (%) 95% CI Lower Upper Bumiputera Sarawak 74 168,639 17.9 12.59 24.83 Others 57 213,612 10.4 6.50 16.25 Marital Status Single 412 1,179,865 20.5 17.71 23.56 Married 1,513 3,271,308 25.3 23.24 27.41 Widow(er)/Divorcee 144 254,687 19.3 15.49 23.87 Education Level No Formal Education 36 84,968 9.7 5.32 16.89 Primary Education 277 490,370 13.8 11.29 16.67 Secondary Education 1,059 2,416,952 24.3 22.23 26.47 Tertiary Education 695 1,710,956 30.9 27.81 34.23 Occupation Government Employee 320 576,994 37.4 32.52 42.62 Private Employee 649 1,799,305 22.9 20.30 25.70 Self Employed 346 775,986 22.4 18.70 26.59 Unpaid Worker/Homemaker 387 780,415 23.4 20.11 27.01 Retiree 113 207,798 27.8 22.14 34.35 Student 60 157,189 21.4 15.74 28.30 Not Workingb 193 406,894 17.5 14.38 21.05 Household Income Group Less than RM 1,000 110 185,941 12.4 9.53 15.93 RM 1,000 - RM 1,999 333 765,731 20.2 16.02 25.13 RM 2,000 - RM 3,999 639 1,429,854 23.8 21.32 26.47 RM 4,000 - RM 5,999 369 828,650 25.8 22.54 29.24 RM 6,000 - RM 7,999 211 493,078 25.6 21.08 30.79 RM 8,000 - RM 9,999 96 230,044 26.3 19.94 33.78 RM 10,000 and above 214 469,469 30.1 23.87 37.13 Household Income Quintile Quintile 1 294 552,559 16.1 13.41 19.11 Quintile 2 347 857,447 22.8 18.60 27.73 Quintile 3 402 888,212 23.6 20.66 26.74 Quintile 4 408 911,959 25.6 22.66 28.88 Quintile 5 521 1,192,591 27.4 24.00 30.99 Household Income Category Bottom 40% 1,204 2,604,321 21.5 19.47 23.69 Middle 40% 533 1,258,608 25.2 22.29 28.39 Top 20% 235 539,839 30.4 24.90 36.45
National Health and Morbidity Survey 2019 Technical Report − Volume I 276 Table 21.4: Prevalence of Health Literacy Level for Health Promotion Domain Among Adults Aged 18 Years and Above in Malaysia by Socio-Demographic Characteristics (n=9,478) Sociodemographic Characteristics Limited Health Literacy Level (Score 0-33) Sufficient Health Literacy Level (Score >33-42) Count Estimated Population Prevalence (%) 95% CI Count Estimated Population Prevalence (%) 95% CI Lower Upper Lower Upper MALAYSIA 2,615 5,337,658 26.6 24.76 28.60 4,698 9,511,083 47.5 45.68 49.26 State Johor 182 455,499 19.2 14.65 14.65 341 936,872 39.5 34.22 45.06 Kedah 161 345,213 27.6 20.63 20.63 223 573,286 45.8 40.05 51.73 Kelantan 127 248,033 26.3 21.87 21.87 216 463,143 49.1 43.75 54.44 Melaka 97 91,789 17.7 11.33 11.33 273 280,113 54.0 44.84 62.81 Negeri Sembilan 80 108,848 20.1 14.95 14.95 206 290,159 53.5 46.45 60.44 Pahang 162 241,243 25.8 22.28 22.28 280 470,376 50.3 46.31 54.20 Pulau Pinang 216 430,299 38.9 31.02 31.02 247 464,741 42.0 35.31 48.97 Perak 173 461,469 31.4 25.69 25.69 222 628,945 42.7 36.50 49.20 Perlis 146 33,888 21.8 16.21 16.21 295 87,851 56.5 50.37 62.47 Selangor 280 1,198,764 26.9 21.70 21.70 557 2,154,695 48.4 43.63 53.20 Terengganu 171 199,094 30.1 24.99 24.99 272 307,010 46.4 41.57 51.30 Sabah 252 729,435 28.8 23.29 23.29 417 1,255,758 49.6 43.19 55.95 Sarawak 219 530,099 29.4 24.45 24.45 341 856,438 47.4 42.76 52.11 WP Kuala Lumpur 99 236,207 20.2 13.99 13.99 248 672,536 57.5 52.19 62.66 WP Labuan 149 15,606 24.7 20.08 20.08 284 37,741 59.6 53.30 65.67 WP Putrajaya 101 12,172 22.3 17.23 17.23 276 31,420 57.5 52.87 62.09 Location Urban 1,475 3,984,421 25.5 23.23 27.86 2,927 7,428,084 47.5 45.34 49.65 Rural 1,140 1,353,237 30.8 27.83 33.88 1,771 2,083,000 47.4 44.56 50.19 Sex Male 1,204 2,921,454 28.4 25.56 31.47 2,166 4,759,280 46.3 43.61 49.01 Female 1,411 2,416,203 24.8 23.03 26.57 2,532 4,751,803 48.7 46.67 50.73 Age Group (Years) 18-19 78 232,628 26.7 19.72 35.15 153 412,127 38.4 39.56 55.29 20-24 222 763,768 27.4 22.45 32.92 475 1,305,827 43.9 41.48 52.20 25-29 225 741,839 25.5 21.22 30.40 449 1,311,810 43.8 40.65 49.76 30-34 201 579,742 23.1 19.16 27.57 512 1,238,097 40.1 44.05 54.61 35-39 245 513,402 22.4 18.61 26.71 519 1,154,801 49.8 45.70 55.07 40-44 190 377,609 21.3 17.50 25.73 446 906,790 51.1 46.22 56.17 45-49 175 351,525 22.3 18.43 26.81 450 774,930 49.3 44.83 53.68 50-54 231 387,644 27.3 23.21 31.83 429 671,934 46.4 42.65 52.06 55-59 235 324,197 25.8 21.90 30.11 417 641,543 45.0 46.45 55.60 60-64 227 311,083 31.7 26.42 37.55 355 446,814 40.6 40.33 50.91 65-69 203 265,263 37.8 31.58 44.34 238 313,856 42.0 38.40 51.10 70-74 173 204,632 43.7 36.77 50.82 133 171,213 30.2 30.08 43.52 75 & above 210 284,327 57.0 49.67 64.11 122 161,341 29.3 25.76 39.76 Ethnicity Malaya 1,569 2,352,517 22.8 21.18 24.49 3,124 5,097,883 49.4 47.63 51.15 Chinese 379 1,299,498 30.7 25.74 36.12 525 1,844,084 43.5 39.00 48.19 Indian 138 272,818 23.9 18.53 30.14 258 482,523 42.2 36.73 47.85 Bumiputera Sabah 196 349,689 26.1 21.85 30.80 338 696,045 51.9 47.36 56.43
Non-Communicable Diseases: Risk Factors and other Health Problems 277 Sociodemographic Characteristics Excellent Health Literacy Level (Score >42-50) Count Estimated Population Prevalence (%) 95% CI Lower Upper MALAYSIA 2,293 5,189,305 25.9 24.23 27.64 State Johor 321 979,077 41.3 34.62 48.29 Kedah 138 332,377 26.6 21.19 32.76 Kelantan 115 232,371 24.6 20.90 28.78 Melaka 175 147,264 28.4 22.03 35.69 Negeri Sembilan 96 143,217 26.4 20.13 33.82 Pahang 126 224,350 24.0 20.90 27.33 Pulau Pinang 92 211,815 19.1 14.98 24.12 Perak 156 381,537 25.9 19.81 33.14 Perlis 95 33,697 21.7 16.75 27.58 Selangor 250 1,098,160 24.7 21.14 28.57 Terengganu 125 155,542 23.5 19.95 27.49 Sabah 148 548,498 21.7 16.71 27.56 Sarawak 168 419,745 23.2 18.57 28.67 WP Kuala Lumpur 103 260,702 22.3 15.75 30.56 WP Labuan 82 9,941 15.7 11.78 20.64 WP Putrajaya 103 11,012 20.2 16.36 24.59 Location Urban 1,501 4,228,184 27.0 25.01 29.15 Rural 792 961,121 21.9 19.52 24.38 Sex Male 1,015 2,599,212 25.3 22.93 27.79 Female 1,278 2,590,093 26.5 24.56 28.62 Age Group (Years) 18-19 94 225,498 25.9 19.98 32.88 20-24 216 720,366 25.8 20.84 31.52 25-29 261 850,843 29.3 25.26 33.68 30-34 247 692,227 27.6 22.06 33.87 35-39 261 623,713 27.2 23.26 31.57 40-44 216 486,512 27.5 23.10 32.32 45-49 224 447,026 28.4 24.10 33.15 50-54 226 360,031 25.4 21.74 29.36 55-59 204 291,332 23.2 19.51 27.29 60-64 153 222,553 22.7 18.91 26.99 65-69 91 123,642 17.6 13.34 22.85 70-74 64 92,748 19.8 14.42 26.55 75 & above 36 52,815 10.6 7.25 15.24 Ethnicity Malaya 1,556 2,871,225 27.8 26.02 29.69 Chinese 277 1,091,537 25.8 21.53 30.53 Indian 178 388,373 34.0 27.80 40.71 Bumiputera Sabah 104 295,030 22.0 17.71 27.00
National Health and Morbidity Survey 2019 Technical Report − Volume I 278 Table 21.4: Prevalence of Health Literacy Level for Health Promotion Domain Among Adults Aged 18 Years and Above in Malaysia by Socio-Demographic Characteristics (n=9,478) (cont’d) Sociodemographic Characteristics Limited Health Literacy Level (Score 0-33) Sufficient Health Literacy Level (Score >33-42) Count Estimated Population Prevalence (%) 95% CI Count Estimated Population Prevalence (%) 95% CI Lower Upper Lower Upper Bumiputera Sarawak 137 290,834 30.8 23.46 39.17 196 455,704 48.2 40.87 55.62 Others 196 772,301 37.7 28.98 47.19 257 934,845 45.6 37.20 54.20 Marital Status Single 547 1,693,562 29.4 25.61 33.38 1,041 2,714,508 47.0 43.50 50.60 Married 1,698 3,166,421 24.4 22.57 26.38 3,249 6,228,182 48.0 45.99 50.10 Widow(er)/Divorcee 370 477,674 36.7 32.42 41.09 408 568,394 43.6 38.96 48.37 Education Level No Formal Education 279 465,541 52.4 43.44 61.11 153 294,808 33.2 25.53 41.77 Primary Education 811 1,435,248 40.2 35.73 44.75 849 1,534,270 42.9 38.43 47.55 Secondary Education 1,069 2,335,473 23.5 21.22 25.92 2,419 4,833,599 48.6 46.36 50.88 Tertiary Education 437 1,044,516 18.9 16.34 21.69 1,265 2,812,750 50.8 47.74 53.88 Occupation Government Employee 176 231,936 15.1 11.81 18.97 547 816,319 53.0 48.16 57.69 Private Employee 695 2,145,911 27.3 23.89 30.91 1,464 3,730,034 47.4 44.13 50.65 Self Employed 479 948,160 27.4 23.84 31.16 865 1,583,474 45.7 41.44 49.96 Unpaid Worker/Homemaker 491 746,531 22.3 19.71 25.17 929 1,725,957 51.6 48.07 55.14 Retiree 119 190,781 25.5 19.80 32.23 227 325,098 43.5 37.23 49.96 Student 52 150,618 20.5 13.61 29.69 138 366,668 49.9 41.93 57.92 Not Workingb 600 920,680 39.6 35.51 43.88 527 960,932 41.4 37.57 45.23 Household Income Group Less than RM 1,000 360 556,935 37.1 32.02 42.45 405 709,355 47.2 42.38 52.14 RM 1,000 - RM 1,999 602 1,191,477 31.4 27.58 35.43 902 1,724,699 45.4 41.31 49.57 RM 2,000 - RM 3,999 698 1,488,876 24.8 21.93 27.91 1,387 2,806,222 46.7 43.68 49.83 RM 4,000 - RM 5,999 336 731,034 22.7 19.09 26.70 749 1,585,786 49.2 45.18 53.18 RM 6,000 - RM 7,999 201 516,586 26.8 21.63 32.75 442 881,548 45.8 40.73 50.92 RM 8,000 - RM 9,999 83 181,194 20.8 15.06 28.03 219 470,052 54.0 46.15 61.61 RM 10,000 and above 134 342,587 22.0 13.79 33.25 363 794,013 51.0 42.76 59.22 Household Income Quintile Quintile 1 698 1,203,495 34.9 31.33 38.64 855 1,591,900 46.2 42.59 49.77 Quintile 2 497 1,033,869 27.6 23.95 31.49 893 1,701,077 45.3 41.07 49.69 Quintile 3 427 902,605 24.0 20.54 27.77 861 1,810,784 48.1 44.56 51.62 Quintile 4 374 828,354 23.3 19.89 26.99 834 1,722,301 48.4 44.52 52.19 Quintile 5 418 1,040,367 23.9 19.83 28.52 1,024 2,145,612 49.3 45.57 53.03 Household Income Category Bottom 40% 1,762 3,382,250 27.9 25.67 30.29 2,957 5,736,171 47.4 45.05 49.67 Middle 40% 498 1,226,107 24.6 21.33 28.08 1,121 2,369,930 47.5 44.14 50.79 Top 20% 154 400,333 22.6 15.28 32.04 389 865,573 48.8 42.52 55.15 *Prevalence with high RSE, interpret with caution a - Malay includes Orang Asli b - Not working includes Unemployed, and Old Age