10
Dependency Ratio
The distribution of the population by age, sex, and residence is a primary demographic
classification. It also provides information on trends on population growth based on the size of age
brackets, including dependency groups. According to census 2023, 41.78 percent of the population is
under the age of 15 and 3.06 percent is age 65 and above, with the bulk of the population falling in the
1564 age bracket i.e. 55.16%, the age dependency ratio (the sum of the population under age „15‟ and the
population age „65 and over‟ relative to the workingage population age “1564”) is 81.31 percent. The
dependency ratio appears to be higher among rural population compared to urban areas (Table 1.3).
Table: 1.3
Distribution of Population by Selected Age Groups Census 2023
Age Groups Total Urban Rural Total Male Female Transgen der Total Male Female Transgen der Total Male Female Transgen der Total Population (“000”) 55638.4 28986.7 26647.5 4.2 30014.5 15748.8 14262.2 3.6 25623.9 13237.9 12385.3 0.6 Less than 15 years(“000”) 23246.0 12064.6 11181.2 0.2 11280.1 5867.1 5412.9 0.1 11965.9 6197.5 5768.3 0.1 15 to 64 Years(“000”) 30687.4 16020.6 14662.9 3.9 17735.8 9342.9 8389.4 3.4 12951.7 6677.7 6273.5 0.5 65 and Above(“000”) 1705.0 901.5 803.4 0.1 998.7 538.7 459.8 0.1 706.3 362.8 343.5 0.0 Dependency Ratio (%) 81.31 80.93 81.73 7.29 69.23 68.56 70.00 5.31 97.84 98.24 97.42 20.23 Source: Pakistan Bureau of Statistics
11
HOUSING
12 KEY FINDINGS OF HOUSING UNITS Housing Units by Tenure, Census 2023
Owned 76.14 % Rented 15.78% Rent Free 5.36% Others 2.72
Number of rooms in the housing unit2023 One Rooms
50.31%
Two Rooms
27.50% Three Rooms
13.05%
Four Rooms
9.13%
Source of Drinking Water, Census 2023
Inside 63.75 %
Outside 36.25 %
13 Source of Lighting
Electricity 70.33 % Solar Panel 12.58% Others17.09%
Source of Cooking Fuel Used
Wood 44.80%
Gas 47.37%
LPG 1.94%
Other 5.89%
14 Chapter 2 Housing
This chapter presents information about housing facilities such as sources of drinking water, number of rooms, distribution of housing units by tenure, period of construction of owned housing unit, sources of fuel availability for cooking purposes and sources of lighting.
Household Size and Composition
A household means a group of persons living together who have collective arrangements
for cooking/eating. A person living alone is also considered to constitute a household. The distinguishing
characteristic of a household is its common cooking arrangements. Therefore, there could be more than
one households in one housing unit. There are 9.87 million housing units counted in census 2023 against
8.48 million enumerated in census 2017, data suggests an increase of 16.38% during the intercensal
period of 2017 to 2023.
Household Tenure
In Sindh majority of households are living in owned housing units. The share of owned
housing units in Sindh are 76.14%, rented units are 15.78%, rent free are 5.36% and remaining 2.72%, are
other housing units (Census 2023). Comparative census results reveal that the proportion of owned
housing unit decreased from 77.11% in census 2017 to 76.14% in Census 2023. The rented housing units
have increased from 14.50% to 15.78% in Census 2023 (Table 2.1, Figure 2.1).
Further, it is observed that share of rented units is higher in big cities and in urban areas.
For example, in Karachi Division 35.50% households are living in rented units, 60.29% in owned housing
units. In contrast, in Mirpur Khas Division 0.71% are living in rented units in rural areas, which is
significantly lower as compared to urban areas of Mirpur Khas Division which is estimated as 10%, table
2.01 Census 2023.
Table: 2.1 Percentage Distribution of Housing Units by the Tenure in Sindh
Year/Housing
Unit by Type
2023
2017
Overall
Rural
Urban
Overall
Rural
Urban
Owned
76.14
86.11
67.00
77.11
86.79
67.84
Rented
15.78
2.59
27.87
14.50
2.09
26.39
Rent free
5.36
8.17
2.78
8.39
11.12
5.77
Others
2.72
3.13
2.35
Source: Pakistan Bureau of Statistics
15 Figure: 2.1 Percentage Distribution of Overall Housing Units by Tenure
Housing Units by Lighting Facility
According to Census 2023, electricity is the major source of lighting in Sindh. However, in
Census 2017, 80.44% of the housing units had reported electricity facility which decreased to 70.33% in
Census 2023, indicating a decrease of nearly 10% points between the two periods. However, this number
exceeds 82% if Electricity and Solar Panel are combined together. Similar trend is observed for Rural and
Urban areas. Electricity as source of lighting facility has also shown decline in rural areas from 64.85% in
Census 2017 to 46.22% in Census 2017 but if electricity and solar are combined then percentage becomes
68.26% as mentioned already. At district level it can be observed that 99.12% households in Karachi
Central are using electricity for lighting followed by Korangi 98.96%, Karachi South 98.58%, and Karachi
East 97.82% etc. on the other hand, in district Therparkar only 19.40% and in Sujawal 31.12% have this
facility and found to be at bottom of the list.
Table: 2.2
Percentage Distribution of Housing Units by Source of Lighting Facility
Source of
lighting
2023
2017
Overall
Rural
Urban
Overall
Rural
Urban
Electricity
70.33 46.22 92.44 80.44 64.85 95.39 Solar Panel 12.58 22.04 3.89
Kerosene oil
5.60 10.01 1.37 Gas Lamp
0.25 0.38 0.12 Others 17.09 31.74 3.65 13.71 24.75 3.12 Source: Pakistan Bureau of Statistics
Owned, 76.14 Rented, 15.78 Rent Free, 5.36 Others, 2.72 2023 Owned, 77.11 Rented, 14.50 Rent Free, 8.39 2017
16 Electricity, 80.44 Kerosen Oil, 5.60 Gas Lamp, 0.25 Others, 13.71 2017 Figure: 2.2 Percentage Distribution of Housing Units by Source of Lighting Facility Housing Units by Type of Cooking Fuel Used in Sindh
According to Census 2023, 47.37% of housing unit are using gas as cooking fuel which
has dropped by 0.02% between two periods as it was observed to be 47.39% in Census 2017. The use of
gas as a cooking fuel is higher in urban areas as compared to rural areas across the Sindh.
Table: 2.3
Percentage Distribution of Housing Units by Type of Cooking Fuel Used in Sindh
2023 2017 Overall Rural Urban Overall Rural Urban Wood 44.80 77.94 14.40 49.50 83.76 16.68 Gas 47.37 11.01 80.73 47.39 11.82 81.46 LPG/LNG 1.94 2.69 13.09
Kerosene oil
0.31 0.46 0.18 others 5.89 10.36 1.78 2.80 3.96 1.68 Source: Pakistan Bureau of Statistics
Figure: 2.3 Percentage Distribution of Overall Housing Units by Type of Cooking Fuel
Wood, 44.80 Gas, 47.37 LPG/LNG, 1.94 Others, 5.89 2023 Wood, 49.50 Gas, 47.39 Kerosen Oil, 0.31 Others, 2.80 2017 Electricity, 70.33 Solar Panel, 12.58 Others, 17.09 2023
17
AGRICULTURE
18
KEY FINDINGS OF AGRICULTURE
Land Utilization 2022-23
Cultivated Area
4,947 (000 Hectares)
35%
Uncultivated Area
9,144 (000 Hectares)
65%
Area and Production by Crops 2022-23
Crops
Wheat
Cotton
Sugarcane
Rice
Area
1,238.23
(000 Hectares)
589.81
(000 Hectares)
289.36
(000 Hectares)
603.3
(000 Hectares)
Production
3,940.20 (000 Tones) 1,586.29 (000 Bales) 1,617.17 (000 Tones) 2,011.8 (000 Tones)
19
Chapter3
Agriculture
Agriculture is still the largest sector of the economy of Pakistan in terms of labour force
participation and as such livelihood of the majority of the population directly or indirectly depends on it. It is
a major contributor to the employment and foreign exchange earnings. In addition to that, it provides
industrial raw material, hence growth in this sector has multiple linkages with overall economy.
Land Utilization
Sindh has 14,091 thousand hectares‟ area out of which 4,947 thousand hectares i s repo rted as
cultivated area and 9,1 44 thousand hectares is reported as uncultivated area in 2022-23. The net area
sown during 2022-23 was 2,574 thousand hectares of total cultivated area. Trend analysis of data indicates
that the area sown more than once is slightly decreased since 2011-12 as sited by (Sindh Development
Statistics). The share of “Area sown more than once” was about 26.88% of total cropped area during
2022-23 whereas in 2010-11 it was estimated to be 24.6%.
Figure: 3.1 Percentage share of Cultivated/Uncultivated Area, Sindh, 2022-23
Area and Production of Agriculture Crops
The largest segment of the cultivated area 1238.2 thousand hectares went to wheat crop during 2022-23 followed by Maize 3070.0 hectares, Sugarcane 2 89.36 thousand hectares, Rice 603.3 thousand hectares, Tobacco 13.0 hectares, Gram 2 0.80 thousand hectares and Barley 5.8 thousand hectares (Table 3.04).
Cultivated, 35.11 Uncultivated , 64.89
20 Figure: 3.2 Food Crops Area, 2022-23
Figure: 3.3 Food Crops Production, 2022-23
Major production clusters of wheat exist in Sindh due to large cultivation areas available in various larger districts. Shaheed Benazirabad is the largest wheat producing district contributing 9. 1% of province's total production. It is followed by Sangher and Nosheroferoz that accounted for 8.8% and 8.6% share respectively (Table 3.09). For maize, Thatta is the largest district that supplied 2 5.3% of the province's total maize production in 2022-23 (Table 3.29). Mityari and Sangher were the next two largest maize producing districts accounting for 30.90% and 9.43% share of the total maize production of Sin dh. Gotki, Thatta and Shaheed Benazirabad are the first, second and third largest sugarcane produ cing districts accounting for 23 .26%, 1 2.50% and 1 2.13% share respectively of the provincial sugarcane production in 2022-23 (Table 3.24). In 2022-23 largest production clusters of Jowar is in district Khairpur (Table 3.3 9) whereas Barley are produced in the large quantities in districts Larkana and Thatta respectively (Table 3.44). 1238.23 289.36 603.3 3070 589.81 20.8 5.8 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 Wheat Sugarcane Rice Maize Cotton Gram Barley 000 Hectares 3940 1617 2012 3149 1586 20374 3218 0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 Wheat Sugarcane Rice Maize Cotton Gram Barley 000 Tonse
21 Tharparkar is the largest producing district of Bajra that contributed 97.47% of the Sindh‟s total production in 2022-23 (Table 3.64). It was followed by Badin which accounted for 0. 42% shares of total bajra production in the province. The crop experienced significant increase in area under cultivation and yield. Jaccobabad was the largest rice producing district (Table 3. 14), moreover, Kashmor district was the largest producer of Gram and Rapeseed & Mustered (Table 3.34 & Table 3.49).
22
EDUCATION
23 KEY FINDINGS OF EDUCATION Institutions by Level (2022-23)
Enrollment by Level (2022-23)
Teaching Staff by level (2022-23)
31,778 1,921 1,551 20 170 4,175 557 498 33 111 0 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 35,000 Primary Middle High Higher Secondary Degree Instutions 2022-23 Male Female 0 500,000 1,000,000 1,500,000 2,000,000 Primary Middle High Higher Secondary Degree Enrollment by Level 2022-23 Male Female 0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 70,000 Primary Middle High Higher Secondary Degree Number Teaching Staff 2022-23