NEGERI / STATE
BIL. STESEN /
NO. OF STATION
BIL.
PERSAMPELAN /
NO. OF
SAMPLING
PEMATUHAN KELAS II (%) / COMPLIANCE OF CLASS II (%)
RAKSA /
MERCURY (Hg)
ARSENIK /
ARSENIC (As)
KADMIUM /
CADMIUM (Cd)
KROMIUM /
CHROMIUM (Cr)
PLUMBUM /
PLUMBUM (Pb)
ZINK /
ZINC (Zn)
Perlis
15
90
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
Kedah
74
444
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
P. Pinang
66
396
100%
100%
100%
99.7%
100%
100%
Perak
150
900
100%
97.9%
100%
100%
100%
100%
Selangor
95
570
100%
96.5%
100%
100%
100%
100%
W.P. Kuala Lumpur
27
162
100%
90.7%
100%
100%
100%
100%
N. Sembilan
66
396
100%
99.7%
100%
100%
99.2%
100%
Melaka
54
324
100%
100%
100%
98.5%
99.1%
100%
Johor
227
1362
100%
100%
100%
99.9%
99.8%
100%
Pahang
192
1152
100%
100%
100%
100%
99.8%
100%
Terengganu
69
414
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
Kelantan
83
498
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
Sarawak
117
702
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
Sabah
118
708
100%
100%
100%
100%
99.9%
100%
Jadual 2.5: Peratusan Pematuhan Parameter Logam Berat mengikut Negeri
Table 2.5: Percentage of Heavy Metal Parameter Compliance by State
RIVER WATER QUALITY FOR STATIONS LOCATED AT
UPSTREAM INTAKES
In 2023, 52 (94%) of the 55 water quality monitoring
stations upstream showed a clean water quality index,
one (1) (2%) of the slightly polluted category, while two
(2) (4%) stations were in the polluted category.
Based on the water quality classification, 30 (54%)
stations were in Class I and 23 (42%) stations in Class
II, while two (2) (4%) stations were in Class III. Table 2.6
shows the status of water quality at the upstream station.
For the BOD sub-index, 54 (98%) river stations have
shown water quality in Class II and one (1) (2%) river
stations are in Class III.
Based on sub-index AN, 46 (84%) stations showed
water quality in Class I, eight (8) (14%) stations in Class
II and one (1) (2%) station in Class III.
In terms of SS sub-index, 36 (66%) river stations were in
Class I, eight (8) (14%) stations in Class II, nine (9) (16%)
stations in Class III and two (2) (4%) stations in Class IV
(Figure 2.9).
KUALITI AIR SUNGAI BAGI STESEN DI HULU MUKA
SAUK
Pada tahun 2023, 52 (94%) daripada 55 stesen
pengawasan kualiti air di hulu muka sauk telah
menunjukkan indeks kualiti air bersih, satu (1) (2%)
stesen kategori sederhana tercemar, manakala dua (2)
(4%) stesen berada dalam kategori tercemar.
Berdasarkan pengkelasan kualiti air, sebanyak 30 (54%)
stesen berada di dalam Kelas I dan 23 (42%) stesen di Kelas
II, manakala dua (2) (4%) stesen di Kelas III. Jadual 2.6
menunjukkan status kualiti air di stesen hulu muka sauk.
Bagi sub-indeks BOD, 54 (98%) stesen sungai telah
menunjukkan kualiti air di dalam Kelas II dan satu (1)
(2%) stesen sungai adalah di Kelas III.
Berdasarkan sub-indeks AN, sebanyak 46 (84%) stesen
menunjukkan kualiti air berada di dalam Kelas I, lapan (8)
(14%) stesen di Kelas II dan satu (1) (2%) stesen di Kelas III.
Dari segi sub-indeks SS, 36 (66%) stesen sungai telah
berada di dalam Kelas I, lapan (8) (14%) stesen di Kelas
II, sembilan (9) (16%) stesen di Kelas III dan dua (2) (4%)
stesen di Kelas IV (Rajah 2.9).
85
E N V I R O N M E N T A L Q U A L I T Y R E P O R T 2 0 2 3
RIVER WATER QUALITY
NEGERI / STATE
LEMBANGAN
SUNGAI /
RIVER BASIN
SUNGAI / RIVER
STESEN ID /
ID STATION
MUKA SAUK /
WATER INTAKE
NILAI IKA/
WQI VALUE
2023
SUB-INDEKS
BOD / BOD
SUB-INDEX
SUB-INDEKS
AN / AN
SUB-INDEX
SUB-INDEKS
SS / SS
SUB-INDEX
Perlis
Sg. Perlis
Sg. Terusan Mada
1RPLS010
Loji Rawatan Air Arau Fasa IV
93
96
99
91
Sg. Terusan Mada
1RPLS011
Loji Rawatan Air TTPC, Sg. Baru
91
96
99
90
Kedah
Sg. Kedah
Sg. Ahning 1KKDH011 Padang Sanai 94 96 87 86 Sg. Padang Terap 1KKDH012 Kuala Nerang 96 96 95 96 Sg. Temin 1KKDH010 Changloon 87 96 87 79 Sg. Muda Sg. Muda 1KMUD014 Jeneri 94 96 99 78 Sg. Muda 1KMUD015 Jeniang 95 96 99 86 Sg. Muda 1KMUD016 Bukit Selambau 91 96 99 72 Sg. Muda 1KMUD018 Pinang Tunggal 90 96 94 75 Sg. Muda 1KMUD019 Nami 94 96 99 84 Sg. Sedim 1KMUD017 Bikan 93 96 99 82 Sg. Ulu Melaka Sg. Melaka 1KMLK003 Ulu Melaka 93 96 98 89 Sg. Saga 1KMLK004 Padang Saga 85 88 96 93 P. Pinang Sg. Pinang Sg. Satu 1PPNG020 Batu Feringgi 97 96 99 96 Perak Sg. Kurau Sg. Air Hitam 1AKRU007 Loji Rawatan Air Jelai 96 96 99 96 Sg. Perak Sg. Manong 1APRK060 Loji Rawatan Air Manong 98 96 99 96 Perak Sg. Perak Sg. Perak 1APRK059 Loji Rawatan Air Sauk 97 96 99 96 Sg. Tesong 1APRK062 Loji Rawatan Air Sg. Klah 97 96 99 96 Sg. Woh 1APRK061 Loji Rawatan Air Kuala Woh 97 96 99 97 Sg. Sepetang Sg. Batu Tegoh 1ASPT016 Loji Rawatan Air Bukit Larut 97 96 99 97 Sg. Bernam Sg. Gelinting 1ABNM015 Loji Rawatan Air Ulu Slim 97 96 99 94 Sg. Trolak 1ABNM014 Loji Rawatan Air Trolak Timur 97 96 99 97 Selangor Sg. Langat Sg. Batang Labu 2BLGT028 Loji Rawatan Air Salak Tinggi 82 86 66 62 Sg. Semenyih 2BLGT010 Loji Rawatan Air Semenyih 86 92 91 62 Sg. Klang Sg. Gombak 2BKLG020 Loji Rawatan Air Gombak 97 96 99 96 N. Sembilan Sg. Muar Sg. Jelai 3NMUA054 Loji Rawatan Air Dangi 94 96 99 87 Melaka Sg. Kesang Sg. Chin-Chin 3MKSG008 Muka sauk Loji Rawatan Air Chin-chin 85 96 90 58 Johor Sg. Batu Pahat Sg. Semberong Dam 3JBPT021 Semberong Dam 93 94 99 93 Sg. Benut Sg. Machap Dam 3JBNT008 Machap Dam 90 92 99 92 Sg. Endau Sg. Kahang 3JEND026 Jalan Felda Kahang Timur, Kluang 93 96 91 91 Sg. Pulai Sg. Pulai Dam 3JPLI004 Pulai Dam 96 96 99 96 Sg. Muar Sg. Jementah 3JMUA040 Loji Rawatan Air Jementah 96 96 99 94 Sg. Muar 3JMUA039 Loji Rawatan Air Gombang 89 96 98 89 Pahang Sg. Pahang Sg. Bertam 4CBTM013 Loji Rawatan Air Habu 96 96 99 97 Sg. Gapoi 4CPHG086 Muka sauk Loji Rawatan Air Gapoi 97 96 99 96 Sg. Jempol 4CPHG087 Loji Air Sg Jerik 96 96 99 88 Sg. Jempol 4CPHG088 Loji Air Jengka 3 91 96 99 83 Sg. Mentiga 4CPHG089 Loji Air Chini 90 96 94 75 Sg. Terla 4CBTM012 Loji Rawatan Air Kuala Terla 97 96 99 97 Sg. Triang 4CPHG074 Loji Rawatan Air Sg. Triang 86 96 93 58 Sg. Ulong 4CBTM014 Brinchang Dam 97 96 99 97 Terengganu Sg. Terengganu Sg. Terengganu 4TTGG013 Loji Air Serada 93 96 92 95 Jadual 2.6: Status Kualiti Air di Hulu Muka Sauk, 2023 Table 2.6: Water Quality Status of Upstream Water Intake, 2023 86 L A P O R A N K U A L I T I A L A M S E K E L I L I N G 2 0 2 3 KUALITI AIR SUNGAI
Rajah 2.9 : Kualiti Air Sungai di Stesen Hulu Muka Sauk, 2023
Figure 2.9 : River Water Quality at Upstream Water Intake Stations, 2023
NEGERI / STATE
LEMBANGAN
SUNGAI /
RIVER BASIN
SUNGAI / RIVER
STESEN ID /
ID STATION
MUKA SAUK /
WATER INTAKE
NILAI IKA/
WQI VALUE
2023
SUB-INDEKS
BOD / BOD
SUB-INDEX
SUB-INDEKS
AN / AN
SUB-INDEX
SUB-INDEKS
SS / SS
SUB-INDEX
Kelantan
Sg. Golok
Sg. Golok
4DGLK003
Syarikat Air Kelantan
97
96
98
96
Sg. Kelantan
Sg. Chiku
4DKLT043
Felda Ciku 2
90
96
92
67
Sg. Kelantan
4DKLT045
Loji Air Kelar, Pasir Mas
88
96
96
50
Sg. Pehi
4DKLT044
Loji Air Pahi
92
96
97
70
Sarawak
Sg. Kerian
Sg. Selalang
6QKRN017
Selalang Water Intake
90
96
88
92
Sg. Mukah
Sg. Mukah
6QMKH005
Mukah Water Intake
80
96
90
64
Sg. Rajang
Sg. Daro
6QRJG021
Daro Water Intake
53
96
72
94
Sg. Jemoreng
6QRJG022
Jemoreng Water Intake
55
96
84
95
Sg. Pakan
6QRJG020
Pakan Water Intake
88
96
92
77
Sg. Pila Parit
6QRJG023
Igan Water Intake
81
96
85
63
Sabah
Sg. Padas
Sg. Padas
5SPDS011
Water Intake Jabatan Air Beaufort
85
96
91
50
Sg. Papar
Sg. Papar
5SPPR004
Sekolah Kebangsaan Mandalipau
92
96
92
88
Sg. Papar
5SPPR005
Water Intake Kogopon
91
96
96
92
Jadual 2.6: Status Kualiti Air di Hulu Muka Sauk, 2023
Table 2.6: Water Quality Status of Upstream Water Intake, 2023
Kelas I /
Class I
Kelas II /
Class II
Kelas III /
Class III
Kelas IV /
Class IV
Kelas V /
Class V
Nota / Note:
Kelas IKA / WQI Classes
Kelas I /
Class I
Parameter
Kelas II /
Class II
Kelas III /
Class III
Kelas IV /
Class IV
Kelas V /
Class V
Bilangan Stesen / Number of Stations
Peratus / Percentage
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
IKA
BOD
AN
SS
23
54
8
46
30
2
1
1
8
36
9
2
0
87
E N V I R O N M E N T A L Q U A L I T Y R E P O R T 2 0 2 3
RIVER WATER QUALITY
STATUS PENGAWASAN KUALITI
AIR SUNGAI AUTOMATIK
Rajah 2.10(a) dan Rajah 2.10(b) menunjukkan lokasi
30 stesen pengawasan sungai automatik serta takat
pengambilan air yang disenaraikan seperti dalam
Jadual 2.7.
Pada tahun 2023, status kualiti air sungai bagi 30
stesen pengawasan sungai automatik telah dinilai
berdasarkan peratusan pematuhan kepada Kelas II.
Parameter yang diukur adalah pH, DO, BOD, COD, AN
dan pepejal terampai (SS). Pematuhan ini ditunjukkan
seperti pada Jadual 2.8.
Dari segi pematuhan Kelas II, stesen yang menunjukkan
pematuhan 90% atau lebih kepada kualiti air Kelas II
pada tahun 2023 adalah di dapati di 12 (40%) stesen
iaitu CR06A, CR14N, CR15N, CR18J, CR22C, CR23C,
CR25T, CR26D, CR27S, CR29Q, CR30Q dan CR31S.
DO adalah salah satu penunjuk kepada kehadiran
BOD yang disebabkan oleh bahan pencemar organik.
Julat pematuhan DO yang rendah didapati di 20 (67%)
stesen iaitu CR01K, CR02K, CR03K, CR04P, CR05A, CR07B,
CR08B, CR09B, CR10B, CR12W, CR13N, CR16M, CR17M,
CR18J, CR19J, CR21J, CR23C, CR24T, CR29Q dan CR30Q
Ammonium (NH4) adalah satu bentuk ammonia (NH3)
yang telah terion. Pengukuran NH4 memberi petunjuk
kepada potensi kehadiran pencemar NH3 atau AN
dalam air sungai apabila pH dan suhu air berubah.
Pematuhan yang kurang daripada 90% bagi Kelas II AN
didapati di 15 (50%) stesen iaitu CR02K, CR03K, CR04P,
CR05A, CR07B, CR08B, CR09B, CR10B, CR11B, CR12W,
CR13N, CR16M, CR17M, CR18J dan CR21J.
pH adalah ukuran bagi keasidan dan kealkalian
mengikut skala pH. Julat pematuhan yang rendah bagi
pH diperhatikan di 10 (33%) stesen sungai iaitu CR01K,
CR02K, CR04P, CR05A, CR18J, CR19J, CR20J, CR23C,
CR24T dan CR25T.
Kekeruhan digunakan sebagai penunjuk kehadiran
SS di dalam sungai. Bagi julat pematuhan SS yang
direkodkan adalah rendah bagi semua stesen.
Rajah 2.11 hingga Rajah 2.16 menunjukkan peratus
pematuhan Kelas II mengikut zon.
CONTINUOUS RIVER WATER QUALITY
MONITORING (CRWQM) STATUS
Figure 2.10(a) and Figure 2.10(b) show the location
of the 30 continuous river monitoring stations and
subsequent water intakes as listed in Table 2.7.
In 2023, the river water quality status of the 30
continuous river water quality monitoring stations were
assessed based on percentage of compliance to Class
II. The measured parameters are pH, DO, BOD, COD, AN
and suspended solid (SS). The compliance is shown in
Table 2.8.
In terms of Class II compliance, 90% compliance or
more to Class II water quality in 2023 at 12 (40%)
stations which were CR06A, CR14N, CR15N, CR18J,
CR22C, CR23C, CR25T, CR26D, CR27S, CR29Q, CR30Q
dan CR31S stations.
DO is one of the indicators of the presence of BOD
which is caused by organic pollutants. Low range
compliance of DO was observed at 20 (67%) stations
CR01K, CR02K, CR03K, CR04P, CR05A, CR07B, CR08B,
CR09B, CR10B, CR12W, CR13N, CR16M, CR17M, CR18J,
CR19J, CR21J, CR23C, CR24T, CR29Q dan CR30Q
Ammonium (NH4) is an ionized form of ammonia
(NH3). The measurement of NH4 indicates the
potential presence of NH3 or AN pollutants in rivers
when the pH and temperature changes. Low
range compliance of AN was observed at 15 (50%)
stations CR02K, CR03K, CR04P, CR05A, CRO7B,
CR08B, CR09B, CR10B, CR11B, CR12W, CR13N, CR16M,
CR17M, CR18J dan CR21J.
pH is a measurement of acidity and alkalinity based on
the pH scale. Relatively low compliance of pH ranges
was observed at 10 (33%) river stations CR01K, CR02K,
CR04P, CR05A, CR18J, CR19J, CR20J, CR23C, CR24T
and CR25T.
Turbidity is used as an indicator of SS presence in a
river. Low-range compliance of SS was recorded at
all stations.
Figure 2.11 to Figure 2.16 shows the percentage of
Class II compliance by zones.
88
L A P O R A N K U A L I T I A L A M S E K E L I L I N G 2 0 2 3
KUALITI AIR SUNGAI