Kelas I /
Class I
100/0
100/0
81
59
31
51.9
76.5
92.7
Kelas II /
Class II
Kelas III /
Class III
Kelas IV /
Class IV
Kelas V /
Class V
Tercemar /
Polluted
Bersih /
Clean
Sederhana
Tercemar /
Slightly
Polluted
PENGKELASAN SUNGAI
BERDASARKAN INDEKS
KUALITI AIR (IKA) /
RIVER CLASSIFICATION
BASED ON WATER QUALITY
INDEX (WQI)
Stesen pengawasan sungai /
River monitoring station
Stesen 1 /
Station 1
Enam (6) kali persampelan setiap stesen /
Six (6) sampling each station
6 Frekuensi Persampelan /
6 Sampling Frequencies
Enam (6) IKA di setiap stesen /
Six (6) WQI each station
6 IKA /
6 WQI
Pengiraan median IKA /
WQI median calculation
Menghasilkan satu (1) IKA stesen /
Generate one (1) WQI by station
IKA /
WQI
Stesen Sungai /
River Station
Median IKA /
WQI Median
PENENTUKAN INDEKS KUALITI AIR MENGIKUT STESEN /
DETERMINATION OF WATER QUALITY INDEX BY STATION
204
L A P O R A N K U A L I T I A L A M S E K E L I L I N G 2 0 2 3
ANNEX
PARAMETER STANDARD (mg/L) Total coliform 5000 MPN/100 ml E coli 5000 MPN/100 ml Kekeruhan 1000 NTU Warna 300 TCU pH 5.5-9.0 Suhu Normal ± 20C Konduktiviti 1000 µS/cm # Jumlah Pepejal Terlarut 1500 Klorida 250 Ammonia 1.5 Nitrat 10 Besi 1.0 Fluorida 1.5 Kekerasan 500 Mangan 0.2 COD 10 MBAS 1.0 BOD 6 Nitrit 0.4 # Raksa 0.001 Kadmium 0.003 Arsenik 0.01 Sianida 0.07 Plumbum 0.05 Kromium 0.05 Kuprum 1.0 Zink 3.0 Natrium 200 Sulfat 250 Selenium 0.01 Perak 0.05 Magnesium 150 Minyak 0.3 Racun Perosak (Pesticides) 0.00003-0.03* Fenol 0.002 Nikel 0.05 Gross alpha 0.1 Bq/l Gross beta 1.0 Bq/l GROUNDWATER QUALITY STANDARDS FOR CONVENTIONAL RAW WATER TREATMENT (DRINKING WATER)
- Aldrin / Dieldrin, DDT, Heptachlor, Methoxychlor, Lindane, Chlordane, Endosulfan, Hexachlorobenzene,
2,4,5 -T, 2,4 -D, 2, 4 -DB, Alachlor, Aldicarb, Carbofuran, MCPA, Permethrin
Diambil dari C lass IIA, National Water Quality Standards
ANNEX III 205 E N V I R O N M E N T A L Q U A L I T Y R E P O R T 2 0 2 3 ANNEX
GROUNDWATER QUALITY INDEX (GWQI) FORMULA AND CALCULATION To calculate the GWQI, the additive equation is used as follows: GWQI =∑ Wi qi or GWQI = 0.13Si (pH) + 0.17Si (Fe) + 0.17Si ( E. coli ) + 0.04Si (TDS) + 0.09Si (SO4 2-) + 0.22Si (NO3) + 0.17Si (Phenol) The sub-indices of all the parameters used for generating the GWQI are as follows pH Sub Index pH Si(pH) <3.0 0 Acidic 3 – 4 10 4 – 5.5 30 5.5 – 9 100 9 – 10 30 Alkaline 10 – 11 10
11.0 0 Iron Sub Index Si (Fe) = (1 - Ci /5.0) x 100 Si (Fe) = 0, if Ci exceeds 5.0 mg/L; Ci is the
concentration of iron determined in the groundwater sample. Nitrate Sub Index Si (NO3 -) = (1 - Ci /100) x 100 Si (NO3 -) = 0, if Ci exceeds 100 mg/L; Ci is the concentration of nitrate determined in the groundwater sample. Phenol Sub Index Si (Phenol) = (1 - Ci /0.015) x 100 Si (Phenol) = 0, if Ci exceeds 0.015 mg/L; Ci is the concentration of phenol determined in the groundwater sample. Total Dissolved Solid Sub Index Si (TDS) = (1 - Ci /3000) x 100 Si (TDS) = 0, if Ci exceeds 3000 mg/L; Ci is the concentration of total dissolved solid determined in the groundwater sample. Sulfate Sub Index Si (SO4 2-) = (1 - Ci /1000) x 100 Si (SO4 2-) = 0, if Ci exceeds 1000 mg/L; Ci is the concentration of sulfate determined in the groundwater sample. E.coli Sub Index Si (E.coli) = (1 - Ci /5000) x 100 Si (E.coli) = 0, if Ci exceeds 5000 MPN/100ml; Ci is the
MPN E.coli measured in the groundwater sample. 206 L A P O R A N K U A L I T I A L A M S E K E L I L I N G 2 0 2 3 ANNEX
PARAMETER (µ g/l)
UNLESS OTHERWISE STATED
CLASSIFICATION
CLASS 1
CLASS 2
CLASS 3
INTERIM
CLASS E1
INTERIM
CLASS E2
INTERIM
CLASS E3
SENSITIVE
MARINE
HABITATS
FISHERIES
(INCLUDING
MARICULTURE)
INDUSTRY, COMMERCIAL
ACTIVITIES & COASTAL
SETTLEMENTS
ESTUARIES
COASTAL
PLAIN
LAGOON
COMPLEX
DISTRIBUTARY
NETWORK
Dissolved Oxygen (mg/l)
6.0 5.0 3.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 Suspended Solids (mg/l) 25.0 50.0 100.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 Phosphate 5.0 75.0 670.0 100.0 180.0 180.0 Nitrate 10.0 60.0 700.0 200.0 570.0 430.0 Ammonia 35.0 50.0 320.0 5.0 10.0 10.0 Mercury 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 Cadmium 0.50 2.00 3.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Chromium (VI) 0.14 10.00 20.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 Copper 1.30 2.90 8.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Cyniade 2.00 7.00 14.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 Lead 2.20 8.50 12.00 1.30 2.00 2.00 Zinc 7.00 50.00 100.00 16.00 5.00 5.00 Arsenic (III) 1.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 1.00 Aluminium 27.00 27.00 55.00 27.00 27.00 27.00 TBT 0.001 0.010 0.050 0.002 0.002 0.002 PAH 100.0 200.0 1000.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 Total Phenol 1.0 10.0 100.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 Oil & Grease (mg/l) 0.01 0.14 5.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Faecal Coliform (cfu/100ml) 70 70 70 70 70 70 Temperature (°C) ≤ 2 °C increase over maximum ambient pH 6.5 - 9.0 Marine Litter Free from marine litter MALAYSIAN MARINE WATER QUALITY STANDARDS ANNEX IV MALAYSIAN MARINE WATER QUALITY INDEX (MMWQI) FORMULA AND CALCULATION MMWQI = qi DO0.18 x qi FC0.19 x qi NH3 0.15 x qi NO3 0.16 x qi PO4 0.17 x qi TSS0.15
whereby; qi DO = Subindex Dissolved Oxygen qi FC = Subindex Faecal Coliform qi NH3 = Subindex Unionized Ammonia qi NO3 = Subindex Nitrate qi PO4 = Subindex Phosphate qi TSS = Subindex Total Suspended Solids *Salinity of the marine water quality data shall be higher than 10 ppt 207 E N V I R O N M E N T A L Q U A L I T Y R E P O R T 2 0 2 3 ANNEX
d. Calculation of mole fraction for unionized ammonia
Mole Fraction =
equation 1:
Ammoniacal nitrogen (NH3-N) x mole fraction x 17/14
Ammoniacal nitrogen should be measured in µg/l
Best Fit Equations for the Estimation of Various Subindex Values
Dissolved Oxygen (DO) in mg/l
qi DO = - 85.816 + 55.4768(DO) - 4.142(DO)2
If DO is less than (<) 3 mg/l, or more than (>) 10 mg/l, qi DO = 10
Faecal Coliform (FC) in cfu/100ml
qi FC = 100EXP(-0.005(Faecal Coliform))
If FC is more than (>) 500 cfu/100ml, qi FC = 8
Unionized Ammonia (NH3) in µg/l
qi NH3 = 100EXP(-0.0046(Unionized Ammonia))
If Ammoniacal Nitrogen (NH3-N) is measured, convert the value into unionized ammonia.
Nitrate (NO3) in µg/l
qi NO3 = 94.8EXP(-0.00035(Nitrate))
Phosphate (PO4) in µg/l
qi PO4 = 95.2EXP(- 0.002(Phosphate))
If PO4 is more than (>) 900 µg/l, qi PO4 = 10
Total Suspended Solids (TSS) in mg/l
qi TSS = 95.8EXP(-0.0043(Total Suspended Solid))
If TSS is more than (>) 100 mg/l, q i TSS = 20
Unionized Ammonia Calculation
In order to convert the concentration of total ammoniacal nitrogen into unionized ammonia, calculate (a), (b), (c) and (d).
Substitute the results into equation 1.
a. Calculation of Ionic Strength (IS)
IS = 19.9273 Salinity
(1000-1.005109Salinity)
Salinity in part per thousand (ppt)
b. Calculation of PKa
PKa = (0.0901821 + 2729.92 + IS(0.1552 - 0.000314Temp)
(Temp+273.15)
Temperature in °C
c. Calculation of working pH
pHsw = pH – (0.0007 x IS) – 0.131
208
L A P O R A N K U A L I T I A L A M S E K E L I L I N G 2 0 2 3
ANNEX
JABATAN ALAM SEKITAR
Kementerian Sumber Asli dan
Kelestarian Alam
Aras 1 - 4, Podium 2 & 3, Wisma Sumber Asli,
No.25, Persiaran Perdana, Presint 4,
Pusat Pentadbiran Kerajaan Persekutuan,
62574 Putrajaya, Malaysia
Talian Aduan: 03-8889 1972
Hotline: 1-800-88-2727
Telefon: 03-8871 2000/2200
Faks: 03-8889 1973/1975
www.doe.gov.my