Ecosystem services are the various benefits that humans derive from healthy ecosystems. These services are categorized into four broad types: 

1. **Provisioning services**, which include the production of food and water.
2. **Regulating services**, such as the control of climate and disease.
3. **Supporting services**, which encompass nutrient cycles and oxygen production.
4. **Cultural services**, offering spiritual and recreational benefits [1].

Healthy ecosystems provide essential services like natural pollination of crops, clean air and water, decomposition of wastes, and flood control [1]. The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment defined ecosystem services as 'the benefits people obtain from ecosystems' and listed these four categories [1].

What are ecosystem services?

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