The essence of Cubism is its revolutionary approach to depicting reality by breaking away from traditional techniques like perspective, foreshortening, and chiaroscuro. Cubism, created by Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque between 1907 and 1914, emphasized the flat, two-dimensional surface of the picture plane and depicted objects in radically fragmented, geometric forms [2][3]. The movement sought to show multiple viewpoints simultaneously, using geometric shapes to represent objects from various angles [4][5]. Influenced by the late works of Paul Cézanne and African tribal art, Cubism's innovative use of collage and incorporation of non-art materials further distinguished it from previous art forms [6]. It had profound impacts on various disciplines, including literature, music, photography, and beyond [2].

What is the essence of Cubism?

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