Early lighting methods used in navigation

What was a common method used in mediaeval England to warn mariners of dangers, often maintained by religious figures? ⛪️
Difficulty: Easy
🕯️ Before the use of oil became common after the Reformation, what material was largely used to illuminate lighthouses?
Difficulty: Medium
🤔 In the late 17th century, what fuel-saving method for lighthouse lanterns was tried but ultimately failed to improve light quality?
Difficulty: Hard