The ancients used tall columns with fires of wood or coal in open grates, or oil lamps[1]. Mediaeval lighthouses in England were similar, though some used candles or oil lamps within towers[1].
After the Reformation, coal or wood fires became common, but enclosing them in lanterns with a funnel saved fuel at the expense of light quality[1]. Candles were used at Eddystone due to the lack of space for fuel[1]. Oil lamps were re-adopted around the mid-18th century, with reflectors being introduced to increase light intensity[1]. Argand's cylindrical-wick lamps and lenses further improved the system[1]. Gas and electricity were later adopted[1].
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