National Health and Morbidity Survey 2019 Technical Report − Volume I 076 Table 5.4: Prevalence of Exposure to Physical Activity Information Disseminated Through Various Mass Media Channels Among Respondents Aged 16 Years and Above in Malaysia by Socio-Demographic Characteristics (cont’d) Sociodemographic Characteristics Newspaper or Magazine Television Count Estimated Population Prevalence (%) 95% CI Count Estimated Population Prevalence (%) 95% CI Lower Upper Lower Upper Bumiputera Sabah 188 436,035 30.8 25.96 36.17 450 996,495 68.6 63.23 73.47 Bumiputera Sarawak 133 331,678 33.3 26.49 40.87 307 717,115 71.1 63.04 77.94 Others 117 442,852 20.4 14.01 28.67 301 1,159,502 50.1 41.90 58.38 Marital Status Single 964 2,475,186 36.5 33.52 39.48 1,626 4,385,111 62.8 59.36 66.18 Married 2,914 5,520,060 42.2 39.88 44.65 4,980 9,420,048 70.0 67.71 72.12 Widow(er)/Divorcee 314 416,793 29.6 25.69 33.80 720 947,381 64.7 60.12 69.03 Education Level No Formal Education 86 121,182 13.0 9.06 18.24 336 498,695 49.1 42.62 55.58 Primary Education 688 1,122,434 28.5 24.35 33.07 1,519 2,483,630 61.4 57.00 65.71 Secondary Education 2,247 4,533,741 41.6 39.46 43.79 3,776 7,871,836 70.1 67.81 72.36 Tertiary Education 1,162 2,612,623 48.6 45.16 52.02 1,673 3,850,215 70.0 66.69 73.03 Occupation Government Employee 569 826,712 54.2 49.56 58.78 762 1,241,318 80.3 76.34 83.68 Private Employee 1,180 2,960,249 38.0 34.84 41.26 1,943 4,961,383 61.8 58.63 64.95 Self Employed 723 1,520,210 42.2 37.13 47.45 1,282 2,534,050 69.3 65.28 72.99 Unpaid Worker/Homemaker 761 1,289,211 37.7 33.92 41.74 1,510 2,711,878 75.3 72.03 78.26 Retiree 235 394,248 50.3 44.34 56.16 367 555,536 71.2 63.65 77.70 Student 252 628,563 38.8 34.01 43.83 421 1,074,214 64.6 59.51 69.44 Not Workingb 471 791,566 31.4 27.82 35.21 1,038 1,671,685 63.6 59.46 67.53 Household Income Group Less than RM 1,000 347 555,099 32.7 28.81 36.80 749 1,224,418 69.8 65.53 73.75 RM 1,000 - RM 1,999 774 1,382,463 33.8 29.67 38.20 1,410 2,692,113 63.5 59.42 67.42 RM 2,000 - RM 3,999 1,219 2,597,004 40.7 37.59 43.83 2,168 4,441,810 67.6 64.57 70.52 RM 4,000 - RM 5,999 667 1,370,694 40.7 36.63 44.88 1,145 2,452,917 70.2 65.78 74.21 RM 6,000 - RM 7,999 418 849,826 44.1 38.12 50.32 632 1,297,232 66.1 59.75 72.00 RM 8,000 - RM 9,999 192 452,546 50.7 41.86 59.57 282 687,237 75.1 68.61 80.67 RM 10,000 and above 346 692,744 42.7 34.85 50.92 504 1,042,495 63.2 53.38 71.99 Household Income Quintile Quintile 1 747 1,214,913 32.0 28.91 35.30 1,486 2,594,456 65.9 62.34 69.22 Quintile 2 754 1,526,134 38.1 33.46 42.99 1,370 2,717,400 65.5 61.58 69.32 Quintile 3 765 1,659,711 41.2 37.87 44.58 1,339 2,790,926 67.9 64.00 71.48 Quintile 4 741 1,504,502 40.5 36.69 44.46 1,277 2,708,476 70.2 65.97 74.04 Quintile 5 956 1,995,117 44.9 40.39 49.56 1,418 3,026,964 66.9 61.97 71.44 Household Income Category Bottom 40% 2,573 4,841,453 37.3 34.99 39.70 4,677 8,829,078 66.1 63.74 68.38 Middle 40% 1,005 2,257,100 43.5 39.75 47.29 1,654 3,787,306 70.6 67.00 74.00 Top 20% 385 801,824 44.1 37.61 50.86 559 1,221,839 65.5 57.38 72.87 a - Malay includes Orang Asli b - Not working includes Unemployed, and Old Age
Non-Communicable Diseases: Risk Factors and other Health Problems 077 Sociodemographic Characteristics Radio Internet Count Estimated Population Prevalence (%) 95% CI Count Estimated Population Prevalence (%) 95% CI Lower Upper Lower Upper Bumiputera Sabah 204 468,972 32.9 28.25 37.83 419 1,000,008 69.5 65.05 73.63 Bumiputera Sarawak 202 470,808 46.8 39.80 53.86 236 587,061 58.6 49.25 67.34 Others 105 455,056 20.9 14.58 29.01 287 1,160,560 50.5 42.30 58.66 Marital Status Single 904 2,440,486 35.6 32.63 38.74 1,895 5,144,297 73.0 69.83 75.93 Married 2,487 4,877,964 37.2 34.64 39.89 3,732 7,693,122 57.9 55.39 60.44 Widow(er)/Divorcee 338 436,922 30.6 26.92 34.65 251 409,348 29.6 25.59 33.85 Education Level No Formal Education 141 205,274 21.6 17.19 26.77 54 101,785 10.8 7.55 15.32 Primary Education 703 1,241,639 31.2 27.16 35.50 540 1,260,713 31.9 27.91 36.28 Secondary Education 1,930 4,029,023 36.8 34.43 39.19 3,266 7,238,841 64.9 62.50 67.21 Tertiary Education 945 2,252,586 42.0 38.38 45.63 1,996 4,605,488 83.0 80.23 85.42 Occupation Government Employee 424 722,453 47.6 42.16 53.11 886 1,313,535 84.8 81.30 87.71 Private Employee 1,050 2,674,463 34.0 31.03 37.18 2,029 5,338,724 66.4 62.90 69.63 Self Employed 698 1,518,850 42.1 37.18 47.12 893 2,109,764 57.9 53.88 61.86 Unpaid Worker/Homemaker 695 1,238,215 36.0 32.21 39.86 948 1,886,276 53.4 49.39 57.41 Retiree 152 251,958 33.1 27.14 39.58 202 326,074 42.3 35.85 49.12 Student 217 533,919 32.8 28.27 37.66 507 1,334,480 79.3 74.56 83.32 Not Workingb 492 815,446 32.0 28.54 35.58 412 936,536 37.7 33.48 42.17 Household Income Group Less than RM 1,000 356 597,314 35.0 30.91 39.26 303 640,661 38.4 33.65 43.36 RM 1,000 - RM 1,999 704 1,371,814 33.2 28.83 37.81 897 2,093,736 50.0 45.62 54.46 RM 2,000 - RM 3,999 1,138 2,434,278 38.0 34.62 41.50 1,776 4,146,620 63.0 59.97 66.00 RM 4,000 - RM 5,999 559 1,241,267 36.5 32.72 40.50 1,099 2,459,441 70.9 66.78 74.64 RM 6,000 - RM 7,999 334 719,321 37.2 31.48 43.25 675 1,430,662 72.5 66.67 77.59 RM 8,000 - RM 9,999 152 365,832 41.5 32.93 50.52 318 740,059 81.2 74.63 86.39 RM 10,000 and above 287 619,233 37.8 30.51 45.75 581 1,173,475 71.2 60.46 79.92 Household Income Quintile Quintile 1 726 1,236,932 32.3 28.90 35.87 735 1,640,200 42.6 38.81 46.56 Quintile 2 695 1,496,168 36.9 32.33 41.76 1,000 2,336,138 56.8 52.53 61.06 Quintile 3 697 1,502,027 37.4 33.52 41.53 1,122 2,654,889 64.5 60.99 67.89 Quintile 4 639 1,409,546 37.6 33.88 41.40 1,218 2,709,231 70.7 67.05 74.16 Quintile 5 773 1,704,386 38.3 34.01 42.71 1,574 3,344,196 73.7 68.95 78.04 Household Income Category Bottom 40% 2,342 4,663,980 35.8 33.20 38.39 3,422 7,594,393 57.4 54.75 60.03 Middle 40% 878 1,963,155 37.6 34.12 41.24 1,621 3,718,104 69.5 65.98 72.81 Top 20% 310 721,924 39.3 33.26 45.67 606 1,372,158 73.8 65.16 80.91
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Non-Communicable Diseases: Risk Factors and other Health Problems 079 Tobacco Use
National Health and Morbidity Survey 2019 Technical Report − Volume I 080 Tobacco Use Contributors to this section: Muhammad Fadhli Mohd Yusoff, Jane Ling Miaw Yn, Noraryana Hassan, Mohd Hairul Nizam, Nizam Baharom, Nur Liana Ab. Majid, Tania Gayle Robert Lourdes, Thamil Arasu Saminathan, Halizah Mat Rifin, Hasimah Ismail, Wan Shakira Rodzlan Hasani, Hasmah Mohamed Haris Introduction It is estimated that more than 27,200 of Malaysians deaths annually are related to smoking [1]. The adults smoking prevalence in Malaysia has plateaued for more than a decade. Based on the World Health Organization Framework Convection on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC), the National Strategic Plan on Tobacco Control 2015-2020 (NSPTC) was developed to strengthen the implementation of tobacco control in Malaysia [2]. The NSPTC has a medium-term target to reduce the smoking prevalence to 15% by the year 2025, in line with the WHO Non-Communicable Diseases Global Target; and a long-term target to achieve the ‘Endgame’ of tobacco in Malaysia by 2045. Objectives General objective To determine the prevalence of current smokers by social demographic characteristics among adults aged 15 years and above in Malaysia. Specific objectives
- To determine the prevalence of current smokers in Malaysia
- To determine the prevalence of current cigarette smokers in Malaysia
- To determine the prevalence of current smokeless tobacco use in Malaysia
- To determine the prevalence of current e-cigarette/Vape use in Malaysia
- To determine the prevalence of current any tobacco product use in Malaysia
- To determine the prevalence of exposure to second-hand smoke in Malaysia
- To determine the prevalence of quit attempt in the past 12 months among current smokers in Malaysia Methods The target population consisted of respondents aged 15 years and above in Malaysia. The study used the short version of Global Adult Tobacco Surveillance questionnaire (GATS), which had been translated, pre-tested and validated among selected respondents in Bangsar, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur. The questionnaire consisted of 31 items which measured the proportion of daily and occasional smokers among participants aged 15 years and above; types and quantities of tobacco products smoked; exposure to secondhand smoke at home, work place and eateries among smokers and non-smokers; smoking cessation behavior among current smokers; awareness of anti-smoking campaign, cigarette advertising and promotion. Variable Definition
- Current smoker was defined as currently using any smoked tobacco product (Manufactured cigarettes, hand-rolled cigarettes, kretek, cigars, shisha, bidis or tobacco pipes).
- Current cigarette smoker was defined as currently using either manufactured cigarettes, hand-rolled cigarettes or kretek.
- Current smokeless tobacco product user was defined as currently using any smokeless tobacco product (E-cigarettes/vape, chewing tobacco or snuff).
- Current E-cigarettes/vape user was defined as currently using E-cigarettes/vape.
- Current any tobacco product user was defined as currently using any tobacco product (Manufactured cigarettes, hand-rolled cigarettes, kretek, cigars, shisha, bidis, tobacco pipes, E-cigarettes/vape, chewing tobacco or snuff). Findings A total of 11,097 adults aged 15 years and above responded to this module.