Appendix A. 61 TABLE A.17: Private transfers and capital income gap decomposition for the age group 45-65 Country Quantile: 10th 20th 30th 40th 50th 60th 70th 80th 90th Explained Austria 0.234 (0.183) 0.181 (0.116) 0.168 (0.103) 0.164 (0.108) 0.122 (0.124) 0.017 (0.154) -0.264 (0.191) -0.171 (0.169) -0.188 (0.201) Belgium -0.045 (0.066) 0.074 (0.081) 0.017 (0.093) 0.065 (0.125) 0.204 (0.136) 0.276 (0.174) 0.300 (0.206) 0.128 (0.136) 0.072 (0.120) Bulgaria -0.025 (0.096) -0.145* (0.081) -0.144* (0.081) -0.133 (0.089) -0.094 (0.090) -0.054 (0.092) -0.029 (0.093) 0.048 (0.093) 0.150 (0.116) Croatia 0.018 (0.136) -0.192 (0.124) -0.203* (0.122) -0.234 (0.146) -0.219 (0.177) -0.206 (0.162) -0.096 (0.139) -0.091 (0.137) 0.042 (0.144) Czechia 0.026 (0.043) -0.026 (0.047) -0.043 (0.045) -0.066 (0.054) -0.067 (0.055) -0.073 (0.061) -0.129 (0.085) -0.195* (0.110) -0.069 (0.132) Denmark -0.012 (0.066) -0.070 (0.077) -0.217** (0.094) -0.232 (0.142) -0.459 (0.401) -0.169 (0.433) -0.086 (0.219) -0.071 (0.145) -0.180 (0.127) Estonia 0.669 (1.259) -0.504* (0.294) -0.306 (0.237) -0.048 (0.255) -0.119 (0.206) -0.102 (0.203) -0.274 (0.214) -0.343 (0.271) -0.277 (0.279) Finland -0.031 (0.044) 0.070 (0.078) -0.012 (0.122) -0.146 (0.135) -0.175 (0.126) -0.210 (0.138) -0.105 (0.130) -0.104 (0.117) -0.087 (0.102) France 0.380** (0.153) 0.422*** (0.122) 0.276*** (0.097) 0.113 (0.081) 0.121 (0.078) 0.169** (0.074) 0.152** (0.063) 0.204*** (0.057) 0.169*** (0.064) Germany 0.091 (0.087) -0.043 (0.063) -0.055 (0.048) -0.019 (0.045) -0.054 (0.048) -0.066 (0.071) -0.198** (0.101) -0.131 (0.112) -0.199* (0.120) Greece -0.214** (0.101) -0.310** (0.140) -0.195* (0.109) -0.148** (0.072) -0.105 (0.067) -0.165*** (0.060) -0.161** (0.078) -0.261*** (0.093) -0.323 (0.198) Hungary 0.004 (0.019) -0.038 (0.026) -0.046 (0.028) -0.050 (0.032) -0.071* (0.041) -0.096 (0.061) -0.125 (0.088) -0.071 (0.126) -0.043 (0.189) Latvia 0.043 (0.106) -0.081 (0.129) -0.178 (0.135) -0.416** (0.202) -0.651 (0.411) -0.236 (0.416) -0.133 (0.248) -0.213 (0.207) -0.184 (0.245) Lithuania -0.301* (0.165) -0.648*** (0.209) -1.076*** (0.281) -0.569* (0.344) -0.434 (0.343) -0.304 (0.321) -0.322 (0.287) -0.377 (0.282) -0.453 (0.323) Netherlands -0.322 (0.253) -0.086 (1.058) 0.198 (0.176) 0.134 (0.099) 0.051 (0.081) 0.035 (0.077) -0.002 (0.080) 0.008 (0.082) 0.040 (0.086) Norway 0.263 (0.192) 0.225* (0.129) 0.118 (0.090) 0.159** (0.076) 0.114 (0.075) 0.105 (0.080) 0.057 (0.082) 0.035 (0.091) 0.162 (0.102) Poland -0.104 (0.193) -0.143 (0.149) -0.133 (0.136) -0.133 (0.126) -0.090 (0.126) -0.097 (0.131) -0.102 (0.149) 0.035 (0.167) -0.053 (0.161) Portugal 0.334 (0.223) 0.138 (0.092) 0.152*** (0.058) 0.155** (0.061) 0.155** (0.061) 0.280*** (0.084) 0.252*** (0.083) 0.157** (0.079) 0.129* (0.066) Romania NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Serbia -0.055 (0.073) -0.050 (0.086) -0.136 (0.101) 0.055 (0.126) 0.116 (0.133) 0.051 (0.130) 0.035 (0.120) 0.003 (0.124) 0.000 (0.176) Slovakia 0.009 (0.036) 0.003 (0.054) -0.026 (0.059) -0.026 (0.059) -0.048 (0.070) -0.103 (0.100) -0.023 (0.127) 0.131 (0.237) 0.118 (0.115) Slovenia -0.012 (0.036) -0.079 (0.063) -0.073 (0.069) -0.097 (0.071) -0.131* (0.077) -0.070 (0.073) -0.037 (0.069) -0.034 (0.074) -0.020 (0.094) Spain -0.012 (0.094) -0.163* (0.084) -0.188** (0.081) -0.220*** (0.080) -0.209*** (0.075) -0.120* (0.072) -0.053 (0.061) -0.089 (0.059) -0.075 (0.058) Sweden -0.044 (0.088) -0.082 (0.137) -0.128 (0.142) -0.251** (0.127) -0.263** (0.117) -0.238** (0.107) -0.155 (0.095) -0.175* (0.096) -0.185 (0.127) UK 0.058 (0.057) -0.143* (0.075) -0.190* (0.104) -0.098 (0.105) -0.119 (0.105) -0.219** (0.111) -0.271** (0.123) -0.268** (0.114) -0.198* (0.119) Unexplained Austria -0.230 (0.228) -0.248* (0.144) -0.209 (0.129) -0.235* (0.135) -0.229 (0.156) -0.056 (0.195) 0.077 (0.247) -0.050 (0.215) -0.077 (0.242) Belgium -0.095 (0.104) -0.207* (0.118) -0.180 (0.134) -0.497*** (0.184) -0.469** (0.198) -0.666** (0.298) -0.680** (0.293) -0.382* (0.206) -0.223 (0.181) Bulgaria -0.025 (0.150) 0.110 (0.130) 0.076 (0.127) 0.138 (0.141) 0.102 (0.142) 0.054 (0.151) 0.082 (0.152) -0.149 (0.162) -0.141 (0.187) Croatia -0.203 (0.214) -0.077 (0.181) -0.223 (0.188) -0.134 (0.225) -0.449* (0.258) -0.278 (0.223) -0.293 (0.194) -0.179 (0.190) -0.251 (0.194) Czechia -0.054 (0.064) -0.163** (0.068) 0.117* (0.066) -0.034 (0.074) 0.056 (0.077) 0.083 (0.086) 0.044 (0.120) 0.020 (0.158) -0.234 (0.194) Denmark -0.070 (0.130) -0.049 (0.144) 0.127 (0.171) 0.018 (0.254) -0.316 (0.690) 0.015 (0.698) -0.149 (0.373) -0.310 (0.247) 0.020 (0.215) Estonia 0.328 (1.410) 1.404*** (0.538) 0.791** (0.389) 0.320 (0.381) 0.346 (0.305) 0.133 (0.288) 0.139 (0.303) 0.262 (0.370) 0.801* (0.422) Finland 0.000 (0.067) 0.007 (0.114) 0.131 (0.177) 0.300 (0.214) 0.220 (0.195) 0.295 (0.207) 0.157 (0.199) 0.076 (0.168) 0.250 (0.153) France -0.465** (0.218) -0.466*** (0.180) -0.356** (0.143) -0.170 (0.123) -0.253** (0.124) -0.318*** (0.115) -0.339*** (0.103) -0.258*** (0.090) -0.171* (0.099) Germany -0.154 (0.122) 0.006 (0.087) 0.013 (0.064) -0.027 (0.059) -0.021 (0.064) -0.053 (0.093) 0.131 (0.131) -0.133 (0.155) -0.001 (0.155) Greece -0.264 (0.178) 0.008 (0.222) -0.003 (0.153) 0.065 (0.101) 0.050 (0.089) 0.066 (0.082) 0.067 (0.099) 0.096 (0.114) 0.229 (0.225) Hungary 0.011 (0.032) 0.028 (0.040) 0.025 (0.045) -0.040 (0.054) -0.042 (0.072) -0.035 (0.103) -0.016 (0.150) -0.085 (0.212) -0.134 (0.298) Latvia -0.056 (0.150) 0.078 (0.178) 0.139 (0.189) 0.284 (0.295) 0.158 (0.661) -0.138 (0.611) -0.324 (0.375) -0.303 (0.319) -0.145 (0.360) Lithuania 0.329 (0.222) 0.802*** (0.291) 1.126*** (0.390) 0.584 (0.474) 0.573 (0.477) 0.305 (0.456) 0.128 (0.417) 0.373 (0.402) 0.072 (0.480) Netherlands -0.100 (0.343) -1.190 (1.329) -0.493** (0.232) -0.275** (0.133) -0.175 (0.110) -0.152 (0.107) -0.188* (0.113) -0.191 (0.117) -0.302** (0.123) Norway -0.553** (0.266) -0.407** (0.179) -0.205 (0.126) -0.219** (0.109) -0.124 (0.108) -0.030 (0.114) 0.026 (0.121) 0.078 (0.136) -0.092 (0.162) Poland 0.007 (0.322) -0.008 (0.236) -0.133 (0.194) -0.154 (0.179) -0.259 (0.178) -0.130 (0.178) -0.107 (0.200) -0.335 (0.224) -0.114 (0.256) Portugal -0.329 (0.324) -0.183 (0.139) -0.219** (0.092) -0.237*** (0.088) -0.240*** (0.088) -0.423*** (0.136) -0.373*** (0.132) -0.174 (0.128) -0.314** (0.143) Romania NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Serbia 0.102 (0.120) 0.036 (0.141) 0.013 (0.166) -0.375** (0.191) -0.303 (0.203) -0.343* (0.203) -0.267 (0.184) -0.250 (0.198) -0.153 (0.270) Slovakia -0.002 (0.061) -0.061 (0.088) -0.010 (0.097) -0.049 (0.097) -0.256** (0.122) 0.114 (0.161) -0.384 (0.245) -0.541 (0.359) -0.481** (0.203) Slovenia -0.019 (0.068) 0.069 (0.123) 0.070 (0.136) -0.004 (0.140) 0.061 (0.148) 0.042 (0.143) -0.143 (0.136) -0.054 (0.139) -0.079 (0.176) Spain -0.082 (0.142) -0.009 (0.127) 0.034 (0.126) 0.075 (0.124) 0.043 (0.120) -0.088 (0.115) -0.150 (0.101) -0.123 (0.097) -0.087 (0.095) Sweden -0.010 (0.135) -0.040 (0.204) 0.039 (0.214) 0.247 (0.193) 0.224 (0.181) 0.189 (0.164) 0.154 (0.147) 0.155 (0.150) 0.233 (0.197) UK -0.099 (0.085) 0.066 (0.105) 0.061 (0.157) -0.010 (0.156) -0.048 (0.155) 0.030 (0.163) -0.016 (0.177) 0.138 (0.166) 0.143 (0.174) Note: * p < 0.10, ** p < 0.05, *** p < 0.01 Standard errors in parenthesis. Note: Romania is excluded due to data limitations. Source: author’s calculations from EU-SILC 2016 data.
62 Appendix A. TABLE A.18: Private transfers and capital income gap decomposition for the age group >65 Country Quantile: 10th 20th 30th 40th 50th 60th 70th 80th 90th Explained Austria -0.041 (0.168) -0.166 (0.110) -0.199* (0.104) -0.142 (0.126) -0.055 (0.148) 0.070 (0.201) 0.356 (0.251) 0.656*** (0.221) 0.154 (0.227) Belgium -0.003 (0.108) -0.003 (0.108) -0.194 (0.164) -0.282 (0.198) 0.447 (0.317) 0.066 (0.422) 0.619* (0.367) 0.352 (0.270) 0.197 (0.151) Bulgaria -0.132 (0.115) -0.214*** (0.080) -0.138** (0.066) -0.139* (0.078) -0.119 (0.084) -0.148 (0.095) -0.154 (0.102) -0.211* (0.121) -0.208 (0.145) Croatia -0.544*** (0.177) -0.515*** (0.178) -0.645*** (0.179) -0.666*** (0.183) -0.019 (0.339) 0.064 (0.198) -0.065 (0.205) -0.237 (0.203) -0.006 (0.181) Czechia 0.005 (0.079) 0.041 (0.069) 0.006 (0.066) 0.028 (0.078) -0.069 (0.080) 0.006 (0.085) -0.170 (0.111) -0.200* (0.120) -0.237 (0.185) Denmark 0.454** (0.179) 0.646*** (0.234) 2.085*** (0.644) 0.902*** (0.344) 0.367* (0.202) -0.007 (0.149) -0.029 (0.123) -0.041 (0.110) -0.135 (0.111) Estonia 0.021 (0.608) 0.977 (1.209) 0.803 (0.645) 0.563 (0.518) 0.619* (0.376) 0.524 (0.365) 0.082 (0.363) 0.312 (0.347) -0.030 (0.317) Finland 0.140 (0.165) 0.444* (0.252) 0.541** (0.221) 0.388** (0.192) 0.351* (0.180) 0.167 (0.186) 0.160 (0.165) 0.135 (0.126) 0.071 (0.132) France 0.022 (0.145) 0.232 (0.159) 0.062 (0.125) 0.227* (0.125) 0.070 (0.115) -0.015 (0.105) 0.015 (0.095) -0.082 (0.107) 0.050 (0.092) Germany 0.142 (0.153) 0.036 (0.058) -0.048 (0.046) -0.114** (0.048) -0.126* (0.072) 0.014 (0.112) -0.077 (0.115) -0.076 (0.136) -0.037 (0.149) Greece -0.798*** (0.171) -1.026*** (0.229) -0.163 (0.304) 0.090 (0.280) 0.188 (0.243) 0.031 (0.225) -0.096 (0.234) -0.201 (0.282) -0.345 (0.428) Hungary 0.042 (0.092) 0.062 (0.068) 0.030 (0.070) 0.017 (0.081) 0.121 (0.098) 0.155 (0.114) 0.130 (0.179) 0.115 (0.245) 0.372 (0.342) Latvia -0.091 (0.143) -0.065 (0.187) -0.214 (0.284) -0.538 (0.433) -0.674 (0.499) -0.989** (0.491) -0.976** (0.456) -0.710** (0.301) -0.721*** (0.264) Lithuania -0.301 (0.831) -0.126 (0.477) 0.002 (0.569) 0.051 (0.576) -0.181 (0.521) 0.146 (0.446) 0.165 (0.432) -0.096 (0.415) -0.860** (0.430) Netherlands 0.589 (0.813) 0.334* (0.199) 0.211* (0.126) 0.305*** (0.099) 0.199** (0.089) 0.169* (0.093) 0.170 (0.111) 0.359*** (0.086) 0.103 (0.106) Norway 0.601* (0.355) 0.278 (0.187) 0.283* (0.161) 0.150 (0.144) 0.173 (0.125) 0.186* (0.111) 0.161 (0.111) 0.220** (0.112) 0.317*** (0.095) Poland -1.148** (0.484) -1.084** (0.440) -0.292 (0.248) -0.381 (0.235) -0.234 (0.226) 0.187 (0.365) -0.080 (0.419) 0.207 (0.363) 0.835* (0.493) Portugal -0.096 (0.160) -0.140 (0.140) -0.087 (0.066) -0.052 (0.045) -0.052 (0.045) 0.026 (0.066) -0.013 (0.110) 0.236** (0.119) 0.253** (0.112) Romania NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Serbia -0.183 (0.183) -0.138 (0.133) -0.150 (0.135) -0.159 (0.133) 0.614*** (0.151) 0.742*** (0.185) 0.620*** (0.189) 0.580*** (0.212) 0.433** (0.212) Slovakia 0.122 (0.102) 0.193** (0.098) 0.214** (0.101) 0.214** (0.101) -0.035 (0.159) -0.253 (0.210) 0.444 (0.278) 1.096*** (0.339) 0.537 (0.383) Slovenia -0.116 (0.117) 0.189 (0.169) 0.222 (0.177) 0.178 (0.166) 0.145 (0.153) 0.163 (0.146) 0.122 (0.140) 0.073 (0.164) 0.050 (0.195) Spain 0.419 (0.688) 0.063 (0.478) -0.201 (0.311) 0.198 (0.450) 0.731*** (0.123) 0.503*** (0.176) 0.412*** (0.153) 0.301** (0.144) 0.264** (0.103) Sweden -0.014 (0.269) 0.116 (0.200) -0.004 (0.161) -0.010 (0.157) 0.008 (0.142) 0.113 (0.121) 0.105 (0.106) 0.097 (0.092) 0.007 (0.087) UK -0.049 (0.079) 0.115 (0.114) 0.171 (0.118) 0.121 (0.105) 0.166* (0.099) 0.117 (0.091) 0.021 (0.084) 0.019 (0.083) 0.038 (0.095) Unexplained Austria 0.249 (0.216) 0.379*** (0.143) 0.343** (0.134) 0.401** (0.157) 0.414** (0.187) 0.543** (0.253) 0.357 (0.335) -0.170 (0.292) 0.313 (0.286) Belgium 0.304** (0.132) 0.116 (0.129) 0.036 (0.189) 0.246 (0.226) 0.393 (0.362) 0.581 (0.490) 0.148 (0.467) -0.192 (0.327) -0.046 (0.210) Bulgaria -0.006 (0.154) 0.008 (0.115) -0.065 (0.100) -0.134 (0.118) -0.277** (0.127) -0.191 (0.141) -0.175 (0.150) -0.097 (0.179) 0.186 (0.216) Croatia 0.524*** (0.203) 0.441* (0.233) 0.350 (0.229) 0.282 (0.245) -0.348 (0.392) -0.526** (0.248) -0.276 (0.257) -0.047 (0.255) 0.013 (0.214) Czechia -0.161* (0.091) -0.237*** (0.082) 0.013 (0.081) -0.263*** (0.094) -0.105 (0.097) -0.187* (0.104) -0.203 (0.135) -0.086 (0.151) 0.014 (0.235) Denmark -1.038*** (0.330) -1.586*** (0.460) -3.677*** (1.019) -0.877 (0.595) -0.317 (0.362) 0.223 (0.269) 0.311 (0.225) 0.287 (0.203) 0.384* (0.204) Estonia -1.043 (1.038) -1.985 (1.559) -0.969 (0.902) -0.720 (0.742) -0.835 (0.515) -0.820 (0.505) -0.146 (0.523) -0.510 (0.452) -0.315 (0.487) Finland -0.119 (0.209) -0.428 (0.326) -0.400 (0.303) -0.139 (0.264) -0.181 (0.250) 0.306 (0.254) 0.423* (0.230) 0.365* (0.188) 0.311 (0.195) France -0.002 (0.225) -0.370 (0.238) -0.098 (0.183) -0.210 (0.168) -0.044 (0.153) 0.043 (0.139) -0.021 (0.128) 0.003 (0.144) -0.112 (0.147) Germany 0.028 (0.210) 0.012 (0.079) 0.047 (0.062) 0.095 (0.065) 0.045 (0.095) 0.149 (0.142) 0.226 (0.155) 0.263 (0.185) 0.150 (0.186) Greece 0.674*** (0.226) 0.569** (0.262) -0.095 (0.323) -0.364 (0.292) -0.336 (0.255) -0.197 (0.236) -0.041 (0.244) 0.018 (0.293) 0.249 (0.441) Hungary -0.074 (0.095) -0.105 (0.071) -0.097 (0.076) -0.166* (0.093) -0.179 (0.111) -0.326** (0.140) -0.175 (0.208) -0.286 (0.280) -0.430 (0.398) Latvia 0.104 (0.204) 0.191 (0.262) 0.185 (0.381) 0.419 (0.557) 0.506 (0.629) 0.530 (0.626) 0.546 (0.573) 0.232 (0.403) 0.251 (0.396) Lithuania 0.656 (0.950) 0.296 (0.625) -0.340 (0.774) -0.563 (0.754) -0.217 (0.658) -0.411 (0.529) -0.546 (0.496) -0.169 (0.475) 0.762 (0.626) Netherlands -2.739** (1.229) -0.397 (0.270) -0.202 (0.173) -0.269** (0.133) -0.122 (0.120) -0.117 (0.125) -0.136 (0.149) -0.366*** (0.121) -0.098 (0.145) Norway -0.478 (0.465) -0.031 (0.253) -0.001 (0.210) 0.243 (0.188) 0.252 (0.167) 0.224 (0.150) 0.334** (0.151) 0.370** (0.152) 0.357** (0.140) Poland 1.092*** (0.328) 1.755*** (0.422) 0.674** (0.278) 0.545** (0.252) 0.462* (0.236) -0.107 (0.426) 0.252 (0.479) -0.192 (0.423) -0.728 (0.468) Portugal -0.149 (0.253) -0.100 (0.188) 0.066 (0.100) -0.002 (0.076) -0.047 (0.076) -0.489*** (0.111) -0.024 (0.158) -0.403** (0.181) -0.432** (0.172) Romania NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Serbia 0.235 (0.189) 0.304* (0.178) 0.162 (0.176) 0.064 (0.180) -0.956*** (0.179) -0.935*** (0.196) -0.885*** (0.185) -0.827*** (0.190) -0.454*** (0.173) Slovakia -0.230 (0.157) -0.442*** (0.138) -0.201 (0.149) -0.530*** (0.149) -0.519** (0.210) 0.240 (0.270) -0.722** (0.360) -1.489*** (0.420) -0.768 (0.470) Slovenia -0.063 (0.145) -0.191 (0.235) -0.377 (0.240) -0.177 (0.226) -0.050 (0.213) -0.081 (0.201) 0.113 (0.196) 0.147 (0.232) 0.109 (0.283) Spain -0.347 (0.695) 0.037 (0.487) 0.353 (0.321) -0.098 (0.458) -0.685*** (0.140) -0.415** (0.192) -0.267 (0.169) -0.112 (0.159) 0.059 (0.122) Sweden 0.262 (0.356) 0.447 (0.289) 0.377 (0.239) 0.386* (0.225) 0.286 (0.201) 0.199 (0.171) 0.216 (0.152) 0.269** (0.134) 0.380*** (0.132) UK 0.252** (0.114) 0.070 (0.162) 0.388** (0.172) 0.549*** (0.158) 0.607*** (0.152) 0.659*** (0.142) 0.816*** (0.135) 0.717*** (0.136) 0.554*** (0.150) Note: * p < 0.10, ** p < 0.05, *** p < 0.01 Standard errors in parenthesis. Note: Romania is excluded due to data limitations. Source: author’s calculations from EU-SILC 2016 data.