Appendix A. 59 TABLE A.15: Private transfers and capital income gap decomposition for the age group <25 Country Quantile: 10th 20th 30th 40th 50th 60th 70th 80th 90th Explained Austria 0.562 (0.475) 0.369 (0.254) 0.234 (0.251) 0.167 (0.239) 0.060 (0.260) 0.193 (0.276) 0.152 (0.321) 0.158 (0.290) 0.254 (0.241) Belgium -0.503* (0.263) 0.182 (0.376) 0.132 (0.375) -0.134 (0.436) -0.290 (0.521) -0.603 (0.695) -1.219* (0.737) -0.956* (0.542) -0.554 (0.470) Bulgaria -0.222 (0.537) -0.340 (0.851) -0.185 (0.477) -0.280 (0.318) -0.483 (0.322) -0.499 (0.315) -0.195 (0.377) 0.430 (0.488) 0.358 (0.682) Croatia -0.401 (0.254) -0.615 (0.391) -0.765 (0.484) -0.828 (0.724) -0.493 (0.695) 0.049 (0.567) -0.142 (0.502) -0.535 (0.470) -0.680 (0.510) Czechia 0.040 (0.175) 0.104 (0.225) -0.096 (0.262) -0.217 (0.267) -0.250 (0.316) -0.124 (0.369) -0.678 (0.462) -0.308 (0.403) -0.668* (0.386) Denmark -0.507** (0.249) -1.063*** (0.327) -1.234** (0.530) -1.691* (0.892) -1.005* (0.581) -0.478 (0.499) 0.254 (0.462) 0.729 (0.503) 0.675* (0.385) Estonia 3.589 (3.193) 3.225 (2.077) 0.280 (2.654) 0.139 (1.777) 0.298 (1.297) -0.431 (1.118) -0.618 (1.005) -0.983 (0.855) 0.222 (0.691) Finland -0.065 (0.113) -0.220 (0.243) -0.303 (0.276) -0.107 (0.221) 0.039 (0.184) 0.089 (0.162) 0.023 (0.149) 0.241* (0.142) 0.264 (0.170) France -0.655** (0.261) -0.639** (0.284) -0.941*** (0.307) -0.260 (0.268) -0.148 (0.192) -0.230 (0.170) -0.141 (0.168) -0.090 (0.178) -0.267 (0.182) Germany 0.057 (0.171) -0.105 (0.163) -0.099 (0.116) -0.149 (0.117) -0.193 (0.125) -0.367** (0.186) -0.693*** (0.257) -0.524** (0.216) -0.446** (0.203) Greece -0.510 (0.861) -0.162 (0.229) -0.122 (0.190) -0.119 (0.176) -0.036 (0.171) 0.028 (0.145) 0.083 (0.098) 0.080 (0.087) 0.103 (0.070) Hungary 0.154 (0.160) 0.246 (0.175) -0.103 (0.180) -0.329* (0.183) -0.234 (0.218) -0.446 (0.276) -0.577 (0.436) -0.420 (0.434) 0.129 (0.315) Latvia -0.163 (0.553) -0.729 (0.737) -1.600* (0.889) -0.964 (1.929) -0.777 (1.161) -0.954 (0.990) -1.039 (0.863) -0.010 (0.728) -0.051 (0.574) Lithuania -0.237 (1.024) -0.079 (1.009) 0.769 (2.192) 0.769 (2.192) -2.237 (3.456) -0.599 (3.100) 0.140 (2.200) -0.133 (1.936) -0.277 (1.150) Netherlands -0.481 (1.230) -0.497 (0.552) -0.526** (0.263) -0.664*** (0.222) -0.484** (0.200) -0.407* (0.213) -0.427* (0.223) -0.057 (0.198) -0.255 (0.179) Norway -0.003 (0.138) -0.118 (0.208) 0.032 (0.183) 0.158 (0.156) 0.232* (0.128) 0.164 (0.117) 0.242** (0.113) 0.219* (0.129) 0.131 (0.210) Poland -0.310 (0.449) -0.220 (0.435) -0.468 (0.364) -0.497* (0.290) -0.478* (0.279) -0.672** (0.261) -0.713** (0.292) -1.115** (0.435) -0.988 (0.772) Portugal 0.828 (1.262) 0.269 (0.248) 0.133 (0.218) 0.108 (0.218) 0.270 (0.246) 0.161 (0.225) 0.214 (0.194) 0.192 (0.199) 0.229 (0.300) Romania NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Serbia 0.000 (0.000) 0.173 (0.390) 0.407 (0.417) 0.862* (0.478) 1.069* (0.609) 0.988 (0.658) 0.128 (0.689) -0.861 (0.645) -0.918* (0.535) Slovakia -0.053 (0.070) -0.219 (0.197) 0.163 (0.266) 0.163 (0.266) -0.190 (0.359) -0.427 (0.592) 0.049 (0.912) 0.009 (0.592) 0.446 (0.502) Slovenia -0.064 (0.300) 0.178 (0.364) -0.348 (0.399) -0.476 (0.439) -0.494 (0.482) -0.452 (0.526) -0.345 (0.436) -0.144 (0.375) -0.266 (0.292) Spain -0.011 (0.314) -0.145 (0.350) -0.001 (0.343) -0.301 (0.332) -0.521 (0.324) -0.447 (0.337) -0.445 (0.339) -0.295 (0.307) -0.334 (0.269) Sweden -0.113 (0.173) -0.142 (0.182) -0.113 (0.201) -0.027 (0.217) -0.173 (0.219) -0.230 (0.241) -0.107 (0.220) 0.101 (0.200) 0.362* (0.212) UK -0.335** (0.132) -0.530*** (0.184) -0.545** (0.238) -0.489** (0.235) -0.588** (0.234) -0.656*** (0.242) -0.688*** (0.260) -0.497** (0.206) -0.296 (0.187) Unexplained Austria 0.150 (0.660) -0.252 (0.320) -0.280 (0.314) -0.055 (0.306) 0.201 (0.333) 0.201 (0.356) 0.071 (0.486) -0.030 (0.426) 0.131 (0.320) Belgium 0.308 (0.273) -0.355 (0.482) -0.133 (0.500) 0.009 (0.563) 0.080 (0.677) 0.808 (0.821) 1.442 (1.102) 1.380* (0.799) 1.155 (0.717) Bulgaria 0.629 (0.597) 0.958 (0.979) 0.778 (0.569) 0.860** (0.416) 0.994** (0.399) 0.924** (0.372) 0.461 (0.438) 0.043 (0.510) 0.565 (0.894) Croatia -0.095 (0.478) -0.061 (0.603) -0.293 (0.688) 0.606 (0.917) 0.581 (0.907) -0.127 (0.824) -0.345 (0.663) 0.047 (0.481) 0.309 (0.745) Czechia -0.091 (0.241) -0.086 (0.302) -0.102 (0.324) -0.006 (0.335) 0.055 (0.386) -0.151 (0.454) 0.596 (0.551) 0.053 (0.478) 0.052 (0.477) Denmark -0.007 (0.407) 0.233 (0.492) 0.109 (0.808) 1.187 (1.154) 1.907** (0.857) 1.763** (0.807) 0.455 (0.747) 0.581 (0.702) 1.141** (0.529) Estonia -6.194* (3.179) -4.516** (2.085) -1.522 (2.552) -0.043 (1.814) -0.099 (1.405) 0.419 (1.292) 0.292 (1.193) 0.636 (0.963) -0.816 (0.785) Finland 0.519** (0.246) 0.576 (0.405) 0.404 (0.552) -0.203 (0.372) -0.042 (0.319) -0.100 (0.290) 0.271 (0.272) 0.029 (0.265) 0.154 (0.306) France 0.953*** (0.340) 1.345*** (0.393) 1.596*** (0.438) 1.263*** (0.422) 0.986*** (0.352) 0.988*** (0.323) 0.574* (0.304) 0.407 (0.289) 0.307 (0.311) Germany -0.110 (0.295) -0.161 (0.253) 0.005 (0.192) 0.121 (0.198) 0.051 (0.211) 0.215 (0.308) 0.334 (0.414) 0.404 (0.327) 0.004 (0.292) Greece -0.837 (0.976) -0.125 (0.294) -0.034 (0.239) -0.053 (0.223) -0.169 (0.199) -0.099 (0.177) -0.067 (0.148) -0.030 (0.149) -0.059 (0.133) Hungary -0.267 (0.185) -0.324 (0.223) -0.044 (0.214) 0.058 (0.278) -0.882*** (0.276) -0.557** (0.271) 0.028 (0.467) 0.419 (0.488) 0.472 (0.407) Latvia 0.178 (0.714) 0.814 (0.911) 1.160 (1.009) 0.390 (2.293) 0.310 (1.368) 0.294 (1.192) 0.219 (1.051) -0.582 (0.834) -0.436 (0.649) Lithuania -0.847 (0.988) 0.235 (1.225) -0.443 (2.476) -3.626 (2.729) -1.221 (3.489) -2.871 (3.197) -3.326 (2.144) -1.704 (1.955) -2.014 (1.353) Netherlands 0.653 (1.824) 0.543 (0.784) 0.751** (0.375) 0.872** (0.339) 0.655** (0.317) 0.513 (0.356) 0.282 (0.371) 0.073 (0.347) 0.356 (0.344) Norway -0.153 (0.228) 0.215 (0.373) -0.151 (0.301) -0.146 (0.250) -0.099 (0.213) -0.010 (0.199) -0.204 (0.191) -0.203 (0.205) -0.009 (0.333) Poland 0.240 (0.516) 0.355 (0.535) 0.409 (0.452) 0.345 (0.408) 0.054 (0.339) -0.001 (0.332) -0.108 (0.360) 0.164 (0.487) 0.051 (0.940) Portugal -0.778 (1.537) -0.249 (0.408) -0.329 (0.320) 0.056 (0.334) -0.518 (0.356) -0.434 (0.371) -0.557 (0.349) -0.655* (0.362) -0.378 (0.431) Romania NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Serbia 0.151 (0.208) -0.439 (0.469) -0.500 (0.419) -0.827 (0.544) -1.264** (0.614) -0.917 (0.570) -0.118 (0.639) 0.736 (0.584) 0.894 (0.671) Slovakia -0.054 (0.084) -0.034 (0.290) -0.185 (0.380) -0.212 (0.380) -0.209 (0.542) -1.291* (0.751) -0.608 (0.963) 0.106 (0.640) -0.053 (0.523) Slovenia -0.129 (0.327) -0.041 (0.677) 0.148 (0.726) -0.587 (0.683) -0.425 (0.680) -0.238 (0.643) 0.368 (0.567) -0.118 (0.439) 0.073 (0.486) Spain -0.350 (0.441) 0.092 (0.481) -0.048 (0.479) 0.221 (0.485) 0.440 (0.504) 0.013 (0.528) -0.458 (0.471) -0.120 (0.439) 0.197 (0.386) Sweden 0.190 (0.227) 0.534** (0.254) 0.425 (0.289) 0.583* (0.323) 0.805** (0.333) 0.989*** (0.378) 0.805** (0.368) 0.257 (0.334) -0.247 (0.327) UK 0.053 (0.172) -0.133 (0.284) -0.152 (0.419) -0.289 (0.410) -0.347 (0.374) -0.641* (0.335) 0.057 (0.305) -0.043 (0.312) 0.031 (0.312) Note: * p < 0.10, ** p < 0.05, *** p < 0.01 Standard errors in parenthesis. Note: Romania is excluded due to data limitations. Source: author’s calculations from EU-SILC 2016 data.
60 Appendix A. TABLE A.16: Private transfers and capital income gap decomposition for the age group 25-44 Country Quantile: 10th 20th 30th 40th 50th 60th 70th 80th 90th Explained Austria 0.030 (0.236) 0.101 (0.148) 0.040 (0.112) -0.074 (0.110) -0.180 (0.123) -0.180 (0.169) -0.375* (0.224) -0.779*** (0.273) -0.926*** (0.273) Belgium -0.411** (0.170) -0.250*** (0.096) -0.250*** (0.096) -0.176 (0.118) -0.286* (0.162) -0.271 (0.171) -0.286 (0.243) -0.123 (0.227) 0.033 (0.171) Bulgaria -0.163 (0.138) -0.028 (0.132) -0.086 (0.115) -0.038 (0.115) -0.010 (0.120) 0.136 (0.126) 0.158 (0.132) 0.230 (0.149) 0.286* (0.149) Croatia 0.063 (0.115) 0.023 (0.101) -0.087 (0.095) -0.117 (0.095) -0.109 (0.110) -0.238* (0.136) -0.331** (0.164) -0.216 (0.156) -0.215 (0.176) Czechia -0.175** (0.081) -0.187** (0.080) -0.221*** (0.077) -0.232*** (0.068) -0.209*** (0.071) -0.282*** (0.089) -0.374*** (0.101) -0.358*** (0.116) -0.417*** (0.152) Denmark -0.180*** (0.066) -0.153** (0.077) -0.151* (0.091) -0.306*** (0.111) -0.247 (0.165) -0.572* (0.337) -0.291 (0.349) -0.267 (0.329) 0.051 (0.224) Estonia -0.428 (0.304) -0.432 (0.589) -0.478 (0.403) -0.272 (0.348) -0.059 (0.327) -0.186 (0.299) 0.002 (0.289) 0.099 (0.287) 0.212 (0.264) Finland 0.074 (0.069) 0.048 (0.078) 0.085 (0.101) -0.216 (0.166) -0.295* (0.163) -0.372*** (0.128) -0.260** (0.122) -0.180 (0.110) -0.138 (0.084) France 0.057 (0.147) 0.079 (0.140) -0.031 (0.132) -0.009 (0.110) 0.019 (0.101) -0.066 (0.107) -0.067 (0.106) -0.111 (0.104) 0.025 (0.117) Germany 0.020 (0.133) 0.177* (0.102) 0.077 (0.072) 0.056 (0.061) 0.023 (0.062) 0.055 (0.081) -0.037 (0.100) -0.227* (0.131) -0.301* (0.160) Greece -0.113* (0.060) -0.454** (0.181) -0.189** (0.079) -0.163*** (0.057) -0.199*** (0.050) -0.185*** (0.047) -0.160*** (0.049) -0.192*** (0.054) -0.169** (0.066) Hungary 0.004 (0.047) 0.001 (0.057) 0.008 (0.053) -0.000 (0.063) -0.036 (0.076) -0.125 (0.117) -0.228 (0.177) -0.115 (0.130) -0.256* (0.155) Latvia -0.059 (0.096) -0.114 (0.120) -0.190 (0.128) -0.222* (0.134) -0.204 (0.219) -0.054 (0.756) -0.332 (0.581) -0.251 (0.354) -0.592* (0.326) Lithuania -0.033 (0.201) -0.088 (0.265) -0.026 (0.351) -0.203 (0.496) -0.174 (0.692) -0.543 (0.579) -0.428 (0.544) -0.784* (0.475) -1.184** (0.590) Netherlands -0.801*** (0.272) -0.827 (0.997) -0.302 (0.226) -0.171 (0.137) -0.235** (0.114) -0.234** (0.106) -0.290*** (0.111) -0.292** (0.129) -0.185* (0.110) Norway -0.128 (0.098) -0.401** (0.159) -0.267** (0.117) -0.146 (0.090) -0.152** (0.069) -0.138** (0.059) -0.088 (0.056) -0.024 (0.058) 0.037 (0.079) Poland -0.304 (0.278) -0.143 (0.231) -0.162 (0.180) -0.241 (0.152) -0.199 (0.138) -0.114 (0.148) -0.018 (0.149) -0.335*** (0.129) -0.340** (0.168) Portugal -0.134 (0.157) -0.197 (0.187) -0.105 (0.071) -0.126** (0.056) -0.110* (0.057) -0.164*** (0.060) -0.197** (0.098) -0.198** (0.089) -0.224** (0.088) Romania NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Serbia 0.129 (0.118) 0.170 (0.116) 0.151 (0.124) 0.060 (0.121) 0.064 (0.132) -0.028 (0.121) -0.006 (0.124) -0.099 (0.130) -0.352 (0.259) Slovakia 0.044 (0.061) -0.020 (0.064) -0.131* (0.067) -0.131* (0.067) -0.110 (0.088) -0.103 (0.123) -0.319* (0.193) -0.743** (0.312) -0.171 (0.201) Slovenia -0.068 (0.047) -0.038 (0.062) -0.096 (0.088) -0.178** (0.087) -0.171* (0.095) -0.207** (0.096) -0.144 (0.092) -0.213** (0.101) -0.170* (0.103) Spain -0.178** (0.078) -0.116 (0.091) -0.113 (0.086) -0.142* (0.086) -0.319*** (0.093) -0.312*** (0.094) -0.247*** (0.089) -0.183** (0.074) -0.109 (0.075) Sweden 0.002 (0.079) -0.149* (0.089) -0.265** (0.123) -0.268** (0.126) -0.173 (0.131) -0.231 (0.147) -0.295** (0.139) -0.276** (0.128) -0.241** (0.123) UK 0.005 (0.064) 0.005 (0.064) -0.133 (0.098) -0.059 (0.128) -0.132 (0.142) -0.134 (0.162) -0.213 (0.183) -0.299 (0.183) -0.402* (0.217) Unexplained Austria -0.267 (0.278) -0.166 (0.179) -0.033 (0.138) 0.018 (0.137) 0.029 (0.154) 0.054 (0.209) 0.005 (0.281) 0.423 (0.336) 0.584* (0.332) Belgium 0.035 (0.188) 0.090 (0.114) 0.494*** (0.119) -0.115 (0.159) -0.028 (0.225) 0.054 (0.238) -0.595 (0.406) -0.030 (0.305) -0.215 (0.234) Bulgaria 0.069 (0.230) -0.243 (0.197) -0.147 (0.174) -0.335* (0.174) -0.142 (0.183) -0.392** (0.188) -0.180 (0.195) -0.311 (0.217) -0.355 (0.223) Croatia -0.029 (0.200) 0.003 (0.165) 0.208 (0.156) 0.136 (0.155) 0.110 (0.176) 0.239 (0.219) 0.291 (0.268) 0.030 (0.251) 0.042 (0.281) Czechia -0.156* (0.094) -0.246** (0.096) -0.191** (0.092) 0.116 (0.085) -0.282*** (0.095) 0.132 (0.116) -0.093 (0.136) -0.250 (0.155) -0.000 (0.193) Denmark 0.247** (0.110) 0.282** (0.137) 0.275* (0.156) 0.557*** (0.193) 0.340 (0.287) 0.942 (0.582) 0.095 (0.733) -0.889 (0.611) -0.813** (0.362) Estonia -1.403*** (0.525) -0.782 (0.732) -0.511 (0.497) -0.634 (0.439) -0.626 (0.405) -0.438 (0.369) -0.381 (0.357) -0.646* (0.354) -0.458 (0.305) Finland -0.325*** (0.102) -0.105 (0.118) -0.221 (0.158) -0.037 (0.262) 0.141 (0.254) 0.018 (0.208) -0.202 (0.198) -0.239 (0.179) -0.110 (0.143) France 0.037 (0.183) 0.027 (0.180) 0.159 (0.171) 0.115 (0.147) 0.061 (0.138) 0.035 (0.147) -0.055 (0.146) -0.020 (0.137) -0.001 (0.142) Germany 0.045 (0.177) -0.176 (0.144) -0.128 (0.101) -0.124 (0.084) -0.109 (0.086) -0.107 (0.113) -0.036 (0.141) 0.065 (0.185) 0.163 (0.213) Greece 0.197 (0.180) -0.029 (0.273) -0.013 (0.138) -0.023 (0.103) 0.137 (0.088) 0.106 (0.085) 0.081 (0.089) 0.051 (0.093) 0.116 (0.106) Hungary -0.015 (0.057) -0.051 (0.070) -0.087 (0.071) -0.053 (0.085) -0.109 (0.104) -0.043 (0.154) 0.087 (0.232) 0.083 (0.173) 0.270 (0.203) Latvia 0.047 (0.136) 0.064 (0.174) 0.086 (0.192) -0.595** (0.238) -2.603*** (0.816) -3.426*** (0.906) -1.201* (0.676) -0.468 (0.431) 0.009 (0.412) Lithuania 0.044 (0.324) 0.159 (0.380) 0.219 (0.454) 0.196 (0.688) 0.410 (0.988) 0.669 (0.811) 0.403 (0.744) 0.079 (0.724) 0.759 (0.847) Netherlands 0.401 (0.334) -1.527 (1.254) -0.026 (0.292) -0.011 (0.186) 0.034 (0.155) 0.053 (0.147) 0.065 (0.156) 0.112 (0.182) -0.028 (0.159) Norway -0.474*** (0.162) -0.262 (0.198) -0.178 (0.153) -0.113 (0.122) -0.008 (0.103) -0.084 (0.095) -0.201** (0.094) -0.268*** (0.103) -0.347** (0.140) Poland 0.026 (0.341) -0.280 (0.301) -0.167 (0.227) 0.060 (0.197) 0.058 (0.177) 0.054 (0.192) -0.038 (0.188) 0.288 (0.188) 0.543** (0.261) Portugal -0.200 (0.261) -0.136 (0.266) -0.035 (0.116) -0.028 (0.094) -0.037 (0.096) -0.281** (0.126) -0.020 (0.177) 0.044 (0.167) -0.123 (0.184) Romania NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Serbia -0.192 (0.169) -0.216 (0.180) -0.185 (0.194) -0.040 (0.194) -0.188 (0.221) -0.088 (0.196) -0.101 (0.190) 0.067 (0.202) 0.293 (0.358) Slovakia -0.180** (0.082) -0.122 (0.087) -0.113 (0.090) -0.152* (0.090) -0.305* (0.158) -0.360 (0.251) -1.262*** (0.320) -0.354 (0.423) -0.424 (0.282) Slovenia -0.085 (0.071) -0.146 (0.122) -0.107 (0.165) -0.162 (0.170) -0.332* (0.188) -0.294 (0.181) -0.513*** (0.172) -0.314* (0.179) -0.338* (0.178) Spain 0.174 (0.125) 0.110 (0.144) 0.071 (0.145) -0.014 (0.143) 0.186 (0.156) 0.197 (0.163) 0.122 (0.155) 0.050 (0.129) -0.071 (0.129) Sweden -0.025 (0.114) -0.021 (0.131) -0.007 (0.182) -0.032 (0.186) -0.233 (0.193) -0.201 (0.212) -0.054 (0.206) -0.076 (0.193) -0.088 (0.190) UK -0.113 (0.083) 0.015 (0.101) -0.049 (0.132) -0.250 (0.175) -0.119 (0.197) -0.249 (0.228) -0.384 (0.251) -0.159 (0.242) 0.140 (0.281) Note: * p < 0.10, ** p < 0.05, *** p < 0.01 Standard errors in parenthesis. Note: Romania is excluded due to data limitations. Source: author’s calculations from EU-SILC 2016 data.