eqr_2023.pdf

Jadual 3.14: Standard Kualiti Air Tanah bagi Rawatan Air Mentah Secara Konvensional (Air Minuman) Merujuk kepada Parameter Utama dalam Penilaian Status Kualiti Air Tanah Table 3.14: Groundwater Quality Standards for Conventional Treatment of Raw Water (Drinking Water) with Reference to Significant Parameters in Assessing Groundwater Quality Status PARAMETER / PARAMETER SIMBOL / SYMBOL STANDARD / STANDARD UNIT / UNIT Koliform / Total coliform – 5000 MPN/100 ml Pepejal Terlarut / TDS – 1500 mg/l Klorida / Chloride Cl 250 mg/l Besi / Iron Fe 1.0 mg/l Keliatan / Hardness CaCO3 500 mg/l Mangan / Manganese Mn 0.2 mg/l Nitrat / Nitrate NO3 10 mg/l Raksa / Mercury Hg 0.001 mg/l Kadmium / Cadmium Cd 0.003 mg/l Arsenik / Arsenic As 0.01 mg/l Plumbum / Lead Pb 0.05 mg/l Kromium / Chromium Cr 0.05 mg/l Kuprum / Copper Cu 1.0 mg/l Zink / Zinc Zn 3.0 mg/l Sulfat / Sulphate SO 2 - 4 250 mg/l Selenium / Selenium Se 0.01 mg/l Sebatian Fenol / Phenolics – 0.002 mg/l Jadual 3.14 menunjukkan Standard Kualiti Air Tanah bagi Rawatan Air Mentah Secara Konvensional (Air Minuman) Merujuk kepada Parameter Utama dalam Penilaian Status Kualiti Air Tanah. Table 3.14 shows the Groundwater Quality Standards for Conventional Treatment of Raw Water (Drinking Water) with Reference to Significant Parameters in Assessing Groundwater Quality Status. 122 L A P O R A N K U A L I T I A L A M S E K E L I L I N G 2 0 2 3 KUALITI AIR TANAH

STATUS KUALITI AIR TANAH Penilaian terhadap kualiti air tanah adalah berdasarkan kepada nilai peratusan yang melebihi had penerimaan dalam Standard Kebangsaan Bagi Standard Kualiti Air Tanah Bagi Rawatan Air Mentah Secara Konvensional (Air Minuman). Nilai peratusan tersebut adalah sebagaimana di dalam Jadual 3.15. GROUNDWATER QUALITY STATUS The assessment of groundwater quality is based on the percentage value that exceeds the acceptance limit in the National Standards for Groundwater Quality Standards for Conventional Raw Water Treatment (Drinking Water). The value of the percentage is shown in the Table 3.15. PERATUSAN JULAT NILAI PEMATUHAN (%) / PERCENTAGE OF COMPLIANCE (%) KATEGORI / CATEGORY 0% - 49% Rendah / Low 50% - 79% Sederhana / Moderate 80% - 100% Tinggi / High Jadual 3.15: Peratusan Julat Nilai Pematuhan, 2023 Table 3.15: Percentage of Compliance, 2023 ANALISIS PERATUSAN NILAI PEMATUHAN MENGIKUT PARAMETER BERDASARKAN JENIS GUNA TANAH Berdasarkan Jadual 3.15, analisis peratusan nilai pematuhan mengikut parameter berdasarkan lapan (8) jenis guna tanah untuk parameter utama dalam penilaian status kualiti air tanah adalah seperti di Rajah 3.12. Berdasarkan rajah tersebut, parameter Fenol berada pada kategori Rendah (0-49%) bagi semua jenis guna tanah. Selain itu, Ferum berada pada kategori rendah di dalam Guna Tanah Tapak Perindustrian, Bekas Tapak Pelupusan Sampah, Bekalan Air dan Bekas Lombong Emas manakala Mangan berada pada kategori Rendah di guna tanah Bekas Tapak Pelupusan Sampah. PERCENTAGE ANALYSIS OF COMPLIANCE VALUE BY PARAMETER BASED ON TYPE OF LAND USE Based on Table 3.15, the analysis of the percentage of compliance values by parameter based on eight (8) land use type with reference to significant parameters in assessing groundwater quality status is as in Figure 3.12. Based on the diagram, Phenol is in the Low Category (0-49%) for all types of land use. Besides that, Ferum is in the low category for Landuse of Industry, Used Solid Waste Landfill, Water Supply and Used Gold Mine while Manganese falls under Low Category for landuse of Used Solid Waste Landfill. 123 E N V I R O N M E N T A L Q U A L I T Y R E P O R T 2 0 2 3 GROUNDWATER QUALITY

Rajah 3.12: Peratusan Pematuhan oleh Pencemar Terpilih Mengikut Guna Tanah, 2023 Figure 3.12: Percentage of Compliance of Selected Contaminants by Land Use, 2023 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 As Hg Cd Cr Cu Fe Pb Mn Zn Se CaCO3 TDS Cl NO3 SO4 T-Coliform Phenol Tapak Perindustrian / Industrial Sites 81 94 100 100 100 44 100 67 100 97 84 75 71 95 83 100 6 Bekas Tapak Pelupusan Sampah / Used Solid Waste Landfills 61 99 98 100 100 33 99 45 100 99 94 95 88 100 96 97 6 Kawasan Pertanian / Agriculture 85 96 100 92 100 65 92 67 100 100 83 83 77 92 100 98 6 Bekalan Air / Water Supply 85 100 100 70 100 25 95 65 100 100 95 90 80 90 100 75 10 Bandar dan Pinggir Bandar / Urban and Suburban 93 97 100 100 100 63 97 83 100 100 93 95 87 97 100 98 7 Padang Golf / Golf Course 60 100 100 100 100 80 100 92 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 96 4 Luar Bandar / Rural 83 100 83 100 100 56 100 61 100 100 100 89 100 100 78 100 11 Bekas Lombong Emas / Used Gold Mine 56 89 100 100 100 33 100 56 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 92 0 Peratusan dalam Nilai Penerimaan Pematuhan / Percentage of Non-Exceeding Acceptable Value 124 L A P O R A N K U A L I T I A L A M S E K E L I L I N G 2 0 2 3 KUALITI AIR TANAH

4 BAB CHAPTER KUALITI AIR MARIN
BAGI PULAU,
PANTAI DAN
MUARA SUNGAI MARINE WATER QUALITY
FOR ISLAND, COASTAL
AND ESTUARY

PENGAWASAN KUALITI AIR MARIN AUTOMATIK CONTINUOUS MARINE WATER QUALITY MONITORING (CMWQM) STESEN AUTOMATIK CONTINUOUS STATIONS 10 PARAMETER DIPANTAU PARAMETERS MONITORED 11 1128 Persampelan Stesen Pantai Coastal Station Sampling 570 Persampelan Stesen Pulau Island Station Sampling 510 Persampelan Stesen Muara Sungai Estuary Station Sampling 188 Stesen Pantai Coastal Stations 95 Stesen Pulau Island Stations 85 Stesen Muara Sungai Estuary Stations PENGAWASAN KUALITI AIR MARIN MANUAL MANUAL MARINE WATER QUALITY MONITORING (MMWQM) PARAMETER
DIPANTAU / PARAMETERS MONITORED KUALITI AIR MARIN
MARINE WATER QUALITY 29 126 L A P O R A N K U A L I T I A L A M S E K E L I L I N G 2 0 2 3 KUALITI AIR MARIN BAGI PULAU, PANTAI DAN MUARA SUNGAI

STATUS KUALITI
AIR MARIN 2023 MARINE WATER QUALITY STATUS 2023 STESEN TERBAIK AIR MARIN EXCELLENT MARINE WATER STATION BIL. NO. NEGERI / STATE LOKASI / LOCATION 1 Terengganu Gemia 2 Terengganu Kapas 3 Terengganu Lima 4 Terengganu Ekor Tebu 5 Terengganu Pinang 6 Terengganu Lang Tengah 7 Terengganu Redang (South) 8 Terengganu Redang (North) 9 Terengganu Perhentian Besar (West) 10 Terengganu Perhentian Besar (South) BIL. NO. NEGERI / STATE LOKASI / LOCATION 1 Pahang Pantai Legenda (B) 2 Johor Pantai Sri Pantai 3 Johor Tanjung Balau 4 Johor Batu Layar 5 Terengganu Pantai Chendering 6 Terengganu Pantai Rantau Abang 7 Terengganu Rhu 10 8 Terengganu Tok Jembal 9 Terengganu Kelulut 10 Terengganu Teluk Ketapang BIL. NO. NEGERI / STATE LOKASI / LOCATION 1 Selangor Kuala Sungai Sepang (Kawalan) 2 Pahang Kuala Rompin Kecil 3 Terengganu Kuala Sungai Setiu 4 Terengganu Tioxide Utara (Kg. Bukit Kuang, Kijal) 5 Terengganu Tioxide Tengah (Pupuk Semangat, Kijal) 6 Terengganu Tioxide Selatan (KSB, T. Kalong) Stesen Pantai / Coastal Station Stesen Pulau / Island Station Stesen Muara Sungai / Estuary Station Stesen Pantai / Coastal Station Stesen Muara Sungai / Estuary Station Stesen Pulau / Island Station 69 stesen / stations (37%) 13 stesen / stations (7%) 106 stesen / stations (56%) 1 stesen / station (1%) 6 stesen / stations (7%) 10 stesen / stations (12%) 68 stesen / stations (80%) 30 stesen / stations (32%) 4 stesen / stations (4%) 61 stesen / stations (64%) Terbaik / Excellent Baik / Good Sederhana / Moderate Tercemar / Poor 127 E N V I R O N M E N T A L Q U A L I T Y R E P O R T 2 0 2 3 MARINE WATER QUALITY FOR ISLAND, COASTAL AND ESTUARY

PENGAWASAN KUALITI AIR MARIN Jabatan Alam Sekitar (JAS) telah menjalankan pengawasan kualiti air marin semenjak tahun 1978 di Semenanjung Malaysia dan 1985 di Sabah dan Sarawak. Objektif utama program pengawasan kualiti air marin ini adalah untuk menilai status kualiti air marin dan seterusnya untuk menentukan tahap pencemaran daripada punca-punca di daratan dan juga laut. Punca- punca pencemaran ini boleh menimbulkan ancaman terhadap kemampanan ekosistem dari segi kesihatan dan biodiversiti persekitaran marin. Stesen-stesen pengawasan yang dibangunkan di bawah Program Pengawasan Kualiti Air Marin diklasifikasikan kepada tiga (3) kategori seperti berikut:-

1. Stesen Pantai
2. Stesen Muara Sungai
3. Stesen Pulau Stesen pantai terletak di sepanjang pantai kira- kira 100 meter dari gigi air laut dan ia mestilah sekurang- kurangnya 500 meter dari punca yang berpotensi sebagai punca pencemaran. Stesen muara sungai terletak di persekitaran muara sungai di mana terdapat interaksi antara air tawar dan air laut. Stesen muara sungai banyak menerima kesan daripada ekosistem sungai. Stesen pulau pula dibahagikan kepada empat (4) kategori iaitu Kawasan Dilindungi, Taman Laut, Pembangunan dan Peranginan: MARINE WATER QUALITY MONITORING The Department of Environment (DOE) has been monitoring marine water quality since 1978 in Peninsular Malaysia and since 1985 in Sabah and Sarawak. The main objective of this marine water quality monitoring programme is to assess the status of marine water quality and to further determine the level of pollution from sources on land and sea. The causes of this pollution can pose a threat to the sustainability of the ecosystem in terms of the health and biodiversity of the marine environment. Monitoring stations established under the Marine Water Quality Monitoring Programme are classified into three (3) categories as followed:
4. Coastal Stations
5. Estuary Stations
6. Island Stations Coastal stations are located along the coastline; approximately 100 meters from the water edge and it must be at least 500 meters away from potential point source(s). Estuary stations are located within an estuarine environment where the freshwater and seawater interact. The estuarine stations have been impacted by the riverine ecosystem. The island stations are divided into four (4) categories namely Protected Area, Marine Park, Development and Resort: KUALITI AIR MARIN BAGI PULAU, PANTAI DAN MUARA SUNGAI / MARINE WATER QUALITY FOR ISLAND, COASTAL AND ESTUARY 128 L A P O R A N K U A L I T I A L A M S E K E L I L I N G 2 0 2 3

i. Stesen Pulau (Kawasan Dilindungi) adalah stesen yang dibangunkan di dalam Kawasan Perlindungan Perikanan di bawah Peraturan- Peraturan Perikanan (Kawasan Larangan) 1994. ii. Stesen Pulau (Taman Laut) adalah stesen pengawasan yang dibangunkan di kawasan Taman Laut yang ditetapkan di bawah Perintah Taman Laut Malaysia 1994. iii. Stesen Pulau (Pembangunan) adalah stesen pengawasan yang dibangunkan di sekitar pulau yang sekurang-kurangnya 90 km2 dengan jumlah penduduk lebih daripada 20,000 orang; dan/ atau pulau-pulau yang ada kepentingan ekonomi. iv. Stesen Pulau (Peranginan) adalah stesen pengawasan di sekitar pulau yang dibangunkan untuk pelancongan, yang mempunyai pusat peranginan dan chalet sebagai pemacu ekonomi setempat bagi pulau tersebut. Standard Kualiti Air Marin Malaysia (SKAMM) merupakan standard ambien, memberi fokus pada perlindungan dan kelestarian ekosistem akuatik serta perkhidmatan ekosistem tersebut kepada masyarakat dan mengambilkira faktor ekonomi, praktikal dan sosial. Pada tahun 2023, Jabatan Alam Sekitar telah mengemaskini maklumat stesen untuk menambahbaik keberkesanan rangkaian pengawasan kualiti air marin. Inisiatif ini adalah sejajar dengan matlamat program untuk mengoptimumkan program pengawasan, dan pengurusan kualiti air marin di negara. Pemakaian SKAMM berdasarkan pra penentuan pengelasan air marin mengikut kegunaan di persekitaran tersebut (Rajah 4.1). Terdapat lima (5) kelas dikategorikan dalam SKAMM iaitu:- i. Kelas 1 merangkumi air di perairan yang diwartakan atau ada perlindungan berkanun dan perairan yang tidak diwartakan tetapi ada ekosistem marin yang sensitif seperti terumbu karang, rumpai laut, tapak pendaratan penyu dan perairan yang terdapat habitat tertentu seperti habitat sensitif kawasan sumber makanan organisma marin. ii. Kelas 2 merangkumi air yang ada aktiviti perikanan dan marikultur yang berdasarkan pada zon i. Island Stations (Protected Area) are those stations established within the Fisheries Protected Area under the Fisheries (Prohibited Area) Regulation, 1994. ii. Island Stations (Marine Parks) are those established within the designated Marine Park area under the Marine Park Malaysia Order, 1994. iii. Island Stations (Development) are monitoring stations established around Islands that are at least 90 km2 with a total population of more than 20,000 people; and/ or islands of economic importance. iv. Island Stations (Resort) are those stations that have been established surrounding islands that were developed for tourism; with resorts and chalets developed on the islands as the key driver of the economy for the islands. The Malaysian Marine Water Quality Standards (MMWQS) are ambient standards, with a focus on the protection and the sustainability of the aquatic ecosystem; the importance of the ecosystem for society; and to accomplish it in an economical, practical, and socially relevant manner. In 2023, the Department of Environment underwent a comprehensive review of station information, resulting in the enhancement of the Marine Water Quality Monitoring Network. This initiative was undertaken with the overarching goal of optimising the efficiency of monitoring and managing marine water quality in the country. The application of the MMWQS is based on the pre- determined marine water classification according to the use in the environment (Figure 4.1). Five (5) classes are categorised in MMWQS: i. Class 1 water comprises the gazetted and statutory protected waters; and non-gazetted areas with the presence of a sensitive ecosystem including coral reefs, seagrass, turtle landing sites, and water specific to habitats and feeding grounds of sensitive marine organisms. ii. Class 2 water encompasses both fisheries and mariculture activities, based on the fishing zone 129 E N V I R O N M E N T A L Q U A L I T Y R E P O R T 2 0 2 3 MARINE WATER QUALITY FOR ISLAND, COASTAL AND ESTUARY