Framework for the Development of Environment Statistics (FDES 2013)128
Application of the FDES to climate change statistics
5.41. The following figures provide an example of the application of the FDES to climate
change. Many topics and individual statistics that fall under different components of the FDES
may be used to provide information on the various aspects of climate change. The following
figures 5.8 and 5.9 organize the pertinent subcomponents, topics and statistics of the Basic Set
according to the sequence of climate change-related events as per the IPCC (Figure 5.7), with
one modification—only those elements that fall under the realm of environment statistics are
addressed under “Socioeconomic Development”.
5.42. The climate change sequence depicted in Figures 5.8 and 5.9 thus contains four boxes
that present the stages of Climate Process Drivers, Climate Change Evidence, Climate Change
Impacts and Vulnerability, and Mitigation and Adaptation.
5.43. Figure 5.8 presents the relevant information at the topic level, while Figure 5.9 provides
more details and presents the individual environment statistics which can be used to assess
climate change. Following the figures, an illustrative, non-exhaustive list of other commonly
used indicators, statistics and statistical themes has also been provided for general reference
purposes.
Figure 5.8
Topics in the FDES that relate to climate change
Climate Process Drivers
Subcomponent 1.3: Environmental Quality Subcomponent 3.1: Emissions to Air
1.3.1 Air quality 3.1.1 Emissions of greenhouse gases
3.1.2 Consumption of ozone depleting substances (ODS), by substance
Climate Change Evidence
Subcomponent 1.1: Physical Conditions Subcomponent 4.1: Natural Extreme Events and Disasters
1.1.1 Atmosphere, climate and weather
1.1.2 Hydrographical characteristics
4.1.1 Occurrence of natural extreme events and disasters
Climate Change Impacts and Vulnerability
Subcomponent
1.1: Physical
Conditions
Subcomponent
1.2: Land Cover,
Ecosystems and
Biodiversity
Subcomponent
1.3:Environmental
Quality
Subcomponent
2.3: Land
Subcomponent
4.1: Natural
Extreme Events
and Disasters
Subcomponent
5.1: Human Set-
tlements
Subcomponent
5.2: Environmen -
tal Health
1.1.2
Hydrographical
characteristics
1.1.4
Soil characteristics
1.2.1
Land cover
1.2.2
Ecosystems and
biodiversity
1.2.3
Forests
1.3.3
Marine water
quality
2.3.1
Land use
4.1.2
Impact of natural
extreme events
and disasters
5.1.3
Housing conditions
5.2.3
Vector borne
diseases
5.2.4
Health problems
associated with
excessive UV
radiation exposure
Mitigation and Adaptation
Subcomponent 2.2: Energy
Resources
Subcomponent
6.1: Environmental Protection
and Resource Management
Expenditure
Subcomponent
6.2: Environmental Governance
and Regulation
Subcomponent 6.3: Extreme
Event Preparedness and Disaster
Management
2.2.2
Production, trade and consumption
of energy
6.1.1
Government environmental
protection and resource
management expenditure
6.1.2
Corporate, non-profit institution
and household environmental
protection and resource
management expenditure
6.2.2
Environmental regulation and
instruments
6.2.3
Participation in MEAs
and environmental conventions
6.3.1
Preparedness for natural extreme
events and disasters
129
Applications of the FDES to cross-cutting environmental issues
129
Figure 5.9
Climate change statistics in the Core Set and Basic Set of Environment Statistics
(Bold text—Core Set/Tier 1; regular text—Tier 2; italicized text—Tier 3)
Climate Process Drivers
Subcomponent 1.3: Environmental Quality
Topic 1.3.1: Air quality
1.3.1.b: Global atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases
1.3.1.b.1 Global atmospheric concentration level of carbon dioxide (CO2)
1.3.1.b.2 Global atmospheric concentration level of methane (CH4)
Subcomponent 3.1: Emissions to Air
Topic 3.1.1: Emissions of green
house gases
3.1.1.a: Total emissions of direct greenhouse gases (GHGs), by gas:
3.1.1.a.1: Carbon dioxide (CO2)
3.1.1.a.2: Methane (CH4)
3.1.1.a.3: Nitrous oxide (N2O)
3.1.1.a.4: Perfluorocarbons (PFCs)
3.1.1.a.5: Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs)
3.1.1.a.6: Sulphur hexafluoride (SF6)
3.1.1.b: Total emissions of indirect greenhouse gases (GHGs), by gas:
3.1.1.b.1: Sulphur dioxide (SO2)
3.1.1.b.2: Nitrogen oxides (NOx)
3.1.1.b.3: Non-methane volatile organic compounds (NM-VOCs)
3.1.1.b.4: Other
Topic 3.1.2: Consumption of
ozone depleting substances
3.1.2.a: Consumption of ozone depleting substances (ODS), by substance:
3.1.2.a.1: Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
3.1.2.a.2: Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs)
3.1.2.a.3: Halons
3.1.2.a.4: Methyl chloroform
3.1.2.a.5: Carbon tetrachloride
3.1.2.a.6: Methyl bromide
3.1.2.a.7: Other
Climate Change Evidence
Subcomponent 1.1: Physical Conditions
Topic 1.1.1: Atmosphere, climate
and weather
1.1.1.a: Temperature
1.1.1.a.1: Monthly average
1.1.1.a.2: Minimum monthly average
1.1.1.a.3: Maximum monthly average
1.1.1.b: Precipitation (also in 2.6.1.a)
1.1.1.b.1: Annual average
1.1.1.b.2: Long-term annual average
1.1.1.b.3: Monthly average
1.1.1.b.4: Minimum monthly value
1.1.1.b.5: Maximum monthly value
Topic 1.1.2: Hydrographical
characteristics
1.1.2.e: Seas
1.1.2.e.4: Sea level
Subcomponent 4.1: Natural Extreme Events and Disasters
Topic 4.1.1: Occurrence of natural
extreme events and disasters
4.1.1.a: Occurrence of natural extreme events and disasters
4.1.1.a.1: Type of natural extreme event and disaster (geophysical, meteorological, hydrological, climatological, biological)
4.1.1.a.2: Location
4.1.1.a.3: Magnitude (where applicable)
4.1.1.a.4: Date of occurrence
4.1.1.a.5: Duration
Framework for the Development of Environment Statistics (FDES 2013) 130 Climate Change Impacts and Vulnerability Subcomponent 1.1: Physical Conditions Topic 1.1.2: Hydrographical characteristics 1.1.2.a: Lakes 1.1.2.a.1: Surface area 1.1.2.a.2: Maximum depth 1.1.2.b: Rivers and streams 1.1.2.b.1: Length 1.1.2.c: Artificial reservoirs 1.1.2.c.1: Surface area 1.1.2.c.2: Maximum depth 1.1.2.e: Seas 1.1.2.e.5: Area of sea ice 1.1.2.g: Glaciers Topic 1.1.4: Soil characteristics 1.1.4.b: Soil degradation 1.1.4.b.2: Area affected by desertification Subcomponent 1.2: Land Cover, Ecosystems and Biodiversity Topic 1.2.1: Land cover 1.2.1.a: Area under land cover categories Topic 1.2.2: Ecosystems and biodiversity 1.2.2.a: General ecosystem characteristics, extent and pattern 1.2.2.a.1: Area of ecosystems 1.2.2.b: Ecosystems’ chemical and physical characteristics 1.2.2.b.2: Carbon 1.2.2.c: Biodiversity 1.2.2.c.1: Known flora and fauna species 1.2.2.c.2: Endemic flora and fauna species 1.2.2.c.3: Invasive alien flora and fauna species 1.2.2.c.4: Species population 1.2.2.c.5: Habitat fragmentation Topic 1.2.3: Forests 1.2.3.a: Forest area 1.2.3.a.1: Total 1.2.3.a.2: Natural 1.2.3.a.3: Planted 1.2.3.a.4: Protected forest area (also in 1.2.2.d) 1.2.3.a.5: Forest area affected by fire 1.2.3.b: Forest biomass 1.2.4.b.1: Total 1.2.4.b.2: Carbon storage in living forest biomass Subcomponent 1.3: Environmental Quality Topic 1.3.3: Marine water quality 1.3.3.b: Organic matter 1.3.3.b.1: Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) 1.3.3.b.2: Chemical oxygen demand (COD) 1.3.3.f: Physical and chemical characteristics [of marine water bodies] 1.3.3.f.1: pH/acidity/alkalinity 1.3.3.f.2: Temperature 1.3.3.f.3: Total suspended solids (TSS) 1.3.3.f.4: Salinity 1.3.3.f.5: Dissolved oxygen (DO) 1.3.3.f.6: Density 1.3.3.g: Coral bleaching 1.3.3.g.1: Area affected by coral bleaching Subcomponent 2.3: Land Topic 2.3.1: Land use 2.3.1.a: Area under land use categories Topic 2.3.2: Use of forest land 2.3.2.a: Use of forest land 2.3.2.a.1: Area deforested 2.3.2.a.2: Area reforested 2.3.2.a.3: Area afforested 2.3.2.a.4: Natural growth
131 Applications of the FDES to cross-cutting environmental issues 131 Subcomponent 4.1: Natural Extreme Events and Disasters Topic 4.1.2: Impact of natural extreme events and disasters 4.1.2.a: People affected by natural extreme events and disasters 4.1.2.a.1: Number of people killed 4.1.2.a.2: Number of people injured 4.1.2.a.3: Number of people homeless 4.1.2.a.4: Number of people affected 4.1.2.b: Economic losses due to natural extreme events and disasters 4.1.2.c: Physical losses/damages due to natural extreme events and disasters 4.1.2.d: Effects of natural extreme events and disasters on integrity of ecosystems 4.1.2.d.1: Area affected by natural disasters 4.1.2.d.2: Loss of vegetation cover 4.1.2.d.3: Area of watershed affected 4.1.2.d.4: Other Subcomponent 5.1: Human Settlements Topic 5.1.3: Housing conditions 5.1.3.c: Population living in hazard-prone areas 5.1.3.d: Hazard-prone areas Subcomponent 5.2: Environmental Health Topic 5.2.3: Vector-borne diseases 5.2.3.a: Vector-borne diseases 5.2.3.a.1: Incidence 5.2.3.a.2: Prevalence 5.2.3.a.3: Mortality 5.2.3.a.4: Loss of work days 5.2.3.a.5: Estimates of economic cost in monetary terms Topic 5.2.4: Health problems associated with excessive UV radiation exposure 5.2.4.a: Problems associated with excessive UV radiation exposure 5.2.4.a.1: Incidence 5.2.4.a.2: Prevalence 5.2.4.a.3: Loss of work days 5.2.4.a.4: Estimates of economic cost in monetary terms Mitigation and Adaptation Subcomponent 2.2: Energy Resources Topic 2.2.2: Production, trade and consumption of energy 2.2.2.a: Production of energy 2.2.2.a.3: Production from renewable sources Subcomponent 6.1: Environmental Protection and Resource Management Expenditure Topic 6.1.1: Government environ mental protection and resource management expenditure 6.1.1.a: Government environmental protection and resource management expenditure [on climate change mitigation activities] 6.1.1.a.1: Annual government environmental protection expenditure 6.1.1.a.2: Annual government resource management expenditure Topic 6.1.2: Corporate, non-profit institution and household environmental protection and resource management expenditure 6.1.2.a: Private sector environmental protection and resource management expenditure [on climate change mitigation activities] 6.1.2.a.1: Annual corporate environmental protection expenditure 6.1.2.a.2: Annual corporate resource management expenditure 6.1.2.a.3: Annual non-profit institution environmental protection expenditure 6.1.2.a.4: Annual non-profit institution resource management expenditure 6.1.2.a.5: Annual household environmental protection expenditure 6.1.2.a.6: Annual household resource management expenditure Subcomponent 6.2: Environmental Governance and Regulation Topic 6.2.2: Environmental regu lation and instruments 6.2.2.a: Direct regulation 6.2.2.a.1: List of regulated pollutants and description (e.g., by year of adoption and maximum allowable levels) [related to climate change] 6.2.2.a.2: Description (e.g., name, year established) of licensing system to ensure compliance with environmental standards for businesses or other new facilities [related to climate change] 6.2.2.a.3: Number of applications for licences received and approved per year [related to climate change] 6.2.2.a.4: List of quotas for biological resource extraction 6.2.2.a.5: Budget and number of staff dedicated to enforcement of environmental regulations [related to climate change] 6.2.2.b: Economic instruments [related to climate change] 6.2.2.b.1: List and description (e.g., year of establishment) of green/environmental taxes 6.2.2.b.2: List and description (e.g., year of establishment) of environmentally relevant subsidies 6.2.2.b.3: List of eco-labelling and environmental certification programmes 6.2.2.b.4: Emission permits traded Topic 6.2.3: Participation in MEAs and other global environmental conventions 6.2.3.a: Participation in MEAs and other global environmental conventions 6.2.3.a.1: List and description (e.g.,country’s year of participationa) of MEAs and other global environment conventions [related to climate change] a Participation means that the country or area has become party to the agreements under the treaty or convention, which is achieved through various means, depending on the country’s circumstances, namely: accession, acceptance, approval, formal confirmation, ratification and succession. Countries or areas that have signed but not become party to the agreements under a given convention or treaty are not considered to be participating.