Kalmia, 417. —— latifolia, 421. Keel, the part of the corolla, which covers, defends, and envelops the centre of the flower, 144. Kermes Oak, 353. Kernel, or nucleus, the whole of the seed, containing the embryo or germ of a new individual, 168. Ketmia, 383. —— Adansey, 170. Kingcup, 398. Kino, 444, 445.

Labellum, 310. Labiatæ, 475, 477. —— stimulating properties of, 479. Labiate, 197. —— corolla, 142. Labiatefloræ, 487. Laburnum, 443; classification of, 197. Lacebark-tree, 439. Lacestemaceæ, 367. Lactricidæ, 487. Lactucarium, 488. Lactuca sativa, 488. Lælia, 309. Lamæa, 504, 505. Lamina, 78, 288. Lamium album, 477. Lamoideæ, 477. Lampanidæ, 487. Larch, 328. Lardizabaluceæ, 361. Larix, 328. Lasepitium glabrum, 507. Latex, a liquid composed of uncoloured serum, 43. Lathyrus, 444. Laticiferous vessels, 43. Latifolius, 444. Lauraceæ, 439, 441. Laurel, Linnæan classification of, 202. Laurus, 439 —— nobilis, 441. Lavender, Linnæan classification of, 202. Layering, 68. Leaf bud, 52. Leaves, 9; alternate, 86; disposition of, in various plants, 85; functions of, 74; opposite, 86; of orchidaceous plants, 307; verticillate 86. Lecanora esculenta, 268. —— Tartarea, 268. Ledum, 417. Leguminaceæ, 442. Leguminosa, 93. Leguminous plants, 83; seeds of, 175. Lemna (Duckweed), 3. Lentibulariaceæ, 480. Lenticular Masses, 40. Lentil, 444. Leptogoneæ, 362. Leschenaultia, a plant of New Holland, stigma of, 186. Lettuce, 488; Linnæan classification of, 203. Leucolena, 506. Leucopodium Richei, 418. Leycesteria formosa, 504.

Lianas, 27. Liber, 42. Lichenales, 225. Lichens, 225, 265; classification of, 197; development of, 266; distribution of, 517; reproduction of, 266. Lichtensteinia pyrethrifolia, 507. Ligneous, or woody stems, 25; layers, 35. Ligula, 104, 288. Ligulated corolla, 142. Ligulifloræ, 487. Ligustrum vulgare, 465. Lilac (Syringa vulgaris), 55, 464, 465. —— Linnæan classification of, 202. Liliaceæ, 287, 321. Liliaceous, 197. Lilials, 287, 316. Lily, 197, 316; bulb of, 29; Linnæan classification of, 202. —— of the Valley, Linnæan classification of, 202. Limb of the petal, 138. Lime Tree (Tilia), 79. Limes, 384. Limits of vegetation, 521. Linaceæ, 427. Linden, 384. Lindley, Dr., 214, 220. Ling, 419, 420. Linke Root, 388. Linnæan classification, the, 202; nomenclature, 200. Linnæus's system of classification, 200; conversation with Giseke, 204. Lint, 427, 428. Linum (Flax), 78, 427. —— usitatissimum, 427. Liparis loveselli, 308. Liquidambar, 338. Liquorice, 443. Liriodendron tulipifera (Tulip-tree), 533, 91. Little Hemlock, 511. Liverworts, 270. Lobed leaf, 79. Lobelia, Linnæan classification of, 203. —— inflata, 484. —— longiflora, irritant properties of, 484. Lobeliaceæ, 482; properties of, 482. Loculicidal dehiscence, 160, 318. Locust-tree, 443. Loganiaceæ, 460, 462. Lombardy Poplar (Populus fastignatus), 66. Lomentaceous, 375. London Pride, 458. Lonicera, 504. —— periclymenum, 505. Loose strife, 86. Lophospermum, 481. Loranthaceæ, 513. Loranthus, 514. Loteæ, 443. Love Apple, 467. Lucerne, 3, 443. Luculia gratissima, 504. Lungwort (Pulmonaria), used as a substitute for Hops, 476. Lupinus, 98. Lupulin, 342. Lychnis, Linnæan classification of, 202. —— coronaria, 434. —— dioica, 434. —— flos-cuculli, 434. —— gethagro, 434. Lycopersicum esculentum, 470. Lycopodals, 270. Lycopodiaceæ, 270. Lymphatic vessels, 37. Lysimachia, 474. —— vulgaris, 86, 474.

Lythraceæ, 457. Macrozameas, 324. Mad Apple, 469. Madder, field, 498; Linnæan classification of, 202, 500. Madras Hemp, 443. Magnol, 205. Magnolia, 388; increase of temperature at time of fecundation of, 188. —— glauca, 392. —— grandiflora, 391. Magnoliaceæ, 390, 391. Maize, 28, 290. Malachia, 380. Malaxideæ, 308. Malaxis paludosa, 305. Male Fern, 279. Malesherbiaceæ, 367, 369. Malic acid, contained in many Pomaceæ, 452. Mallow, 81, 381; Linnæan classification of, 202; properties of, 383. Maloo Creeper, 445. Malopa, 380, 383. Malopeæ, 380. Malpighi, 217. Malpighiaceæ, 387. Malus acerba, 453. Malva crespa, 381. —— Sylvestris, 81. Malvaceæ, 377, 381. Malvals, 377, 380. Malveæ, 380. Mandragora officinarum, 470. Mandrake, 470. Mangold Wurzel, 435. Mangosteen, 389. Mangrove, 4; embryo of, 176. Manna, 268, 363, 464, 466. Mannite, 464. Maple (Acer campestre), 44, 90. Marantaceæ, 286, 304. Marcgraviaceæ, 388. Marchantiaceæ, 270, 271. Marescent, term applied to leaves which wither before falling; from maresco, “I wither,” 89. Marigold, Linnæan classification of, 203. Marsh Mallow, 381, 383. —— Marigold (Caltha palustris), 120. —— Pennywort (Hydracotyle vulgaris), 72. —— Trefoil, 463. Marsilleaceæ, 270. Martins, M., on the vegetation of Norway, 524. Mastic, 422. Mauritia flexuosa, 298. Mayaceæ, 286. Meadow Saffron (Colchicum autumnale), 88. —— Sweet, 454, 457. Meatus, or air cell. 101. Medicago sativa, 443. Medlar, 453; description of fruit of, 164. Medulla, 35, 269. Medullary bed, 269; rays, 39; sheath, 38. Melanthiaceæ, 287. Meliaceæ, 421. Melilotus, 97. Melon, 363, 364. Menispermaceæ, 361. Menispermals, 361, 362. Menthoideæ, 477. Menyanthis trifoliata, 463. Meongæ, 446. Mercurialis, 120, 177, 201. Merethalle, 92. Mesembryaceæ, 437, 438. Mesembryanthemum edule, 438. —— macrorhizum, 438. —— tripolium, 438. Mesocarp, a thick, pulpy, succulent substance (μεσος, “middle,” καρπος, “fruit”), con-

stituting, ordinarily, the flesh and pulp of the fruit, 163.

Mespilis germanica, 453.

Meteoric plants, 124.

Meum, 507.

Mezerium, 440.

Microphyle, 154.

Mignonette, 376.

Mililotus, 443.

Milium multiflorum, 104.

Milk Thistle, 488.

—— Tree of Demerara, 461.

Mimosa, 76.

—— pudica, 175.

—— sensitiva (sensitive plant), 94.

Mimoseæ, 446.

Mimulus, 481.

Misletoe, 3, 513, 514.

Mock Privet (Phillyrea), 36.

Modification of leaves, theory of, 217.

Moisture, a requisite for germination, 189.

Monadelphia, sixteenth class, Linnæan classification, in which all the filaments are united in one group, 202.

Monandria, Linnæan first-class flowers, having one stamen, 202.

Monimaceæ, 361.

Monkeys' Bread, 378.

Monochlamydeous flowers, 120.

Monocotyledonous plants, germination of seeds of, 169, 192, 285.

—— phanerogams, 219.

Monodelphous stamens, 149.

Monœceous plants, 120, 200, 201; fecundation in, 186.

Monogamia, a division of the class Syngenesia, 203.

Monopetalous corolla, 196, 197; calyx, 134, 139; stamens, where five stamens are attached to the tube of the corolla, 149.

Monotropaceæ, 417, 418.

Monster Rose, 150.

Moraceæ, 339, 342.

Morchella esculenta, 256.

Morel, 256.

Moringaceæ, 367, 368, 369.

Moringa pterygosperma, 446.

Morus, 342.

Mosses, 225; classification of, 197; seeds of, 224; distribution of, 517.

Moulds, 264.

Mountain Strawberry, 456.

Moving plant, 444.

Mucedo, 248.

Mucor, 248, 264.

Mucuna urens, 444.

Mulberry, 342; at the period of fecundation, 185; fruit of, 167.

Mulineæ, 506.

Murandia, 481.

Musaceæ, 286, 304, 320.

Muscals, 270.

Mushrooms, 247, 251, 252; classification of, 197.

Musk Rose, 455.

Mustard, 373.

Mylitta australis, 256.

Myoporaceæ, 475.

Myosotis (Forget-me-not), 133.

—— palustris, 475, 476.

Myosurus, 154.

Myricaceæ, 333, 338.

Myristicaceæ, 361.

Myrospermum peruiferum, 445.

—— toluiferum, 445.

Myrsinaceæ, 472.

Myrtle, Linnæan classification of, 202.

Myzodendron, 514.

Naiadaceæ, 286.

Nankeen Cotton, 384.

Narcissals, 286, 300.

Narcotic Poppy, 401.

Nasturtium, 74.

Natural family, 204.

—— order, 204.

—— system, the true basis of, 210.

Necker Tree, 445.

Nectandra Rodiwa, 441.

Nectarine, 448.

Nelumbiaceæ, 389, 390.

Nelumbrum speciosum, 390.

Neottia nidus avis, 305.

Neottieæ, 308, 314.

Nepenthaceæ, 347.

Nepenthes, 347.

—— distillatoria, 74.

—— phyllamphora, 348.

Nephilium, 388.

Nephrodium, filix-mas, 279.

Nerium, 461.

Nervures, 99; of the leaf, 81.

Nettle (Urtica), 86; at the period of fecundation, 185.

Nicotiana, 467, 471.

Nidus, 57.

Nigella arvensis (Corn Cockle), 170.

Nightshade, Deadly, 470.

Nitta-tree, 446.

Nocturnal respiration, 108.

Node, 288.

Nolanaceæ, 475.

None-so-pretty, 458.

North Cape, vegetation of, 526.

Nostoc verrucose, 226.

Notilla, 245.

Nucleus, 153, 169.

Nucule, 245.

Nummularia, 505.

Nuphar, 390.

Nuphardeæ, 390.

Nux Vomica, 462.

Nyctagins, 435.

Nyctaginaceæ, 435.

Nymphæaceæ, 389.

Nymphales, 389.

Nymphea (Water Lily), 102.

—— cærulea, 390.

—— edulis, 390.

—— lotus, 390.

Oak, 350; classification of, 196; northern limit of, 524; stem of, 23; Iron Wood, 355; large leaved, 355; live, 354; sessile cupped, 352.

Oat plant, 129.

Ochnaceæ, 422.

Octandria (Linnæan eighth class), flowers having eight stamens.

Œnanthe, 506, 507.

Œnothera, 98.

Oidium Tuckeri, 251, 261.

Oil of Ben, 446.

Olacaceæ, 404, 416.

Olæagnaceæ, 333.

Olea Europæa, 465.

Oleaceæ, 464.

Oleander, 461; poisonous qualities of the, 461.

Oleaster, 339.

Olive, 464, 465; of the Acropolis, 319; preparation of the oil, 465.

Oncidium, 310.

—— pulvinatum, 305.

—— raniferum, 305.

Ononis (Cammock), 8.

Operculaceæ, 498.

Operculum, 271.

Opium, 401.

Ophioglossaceæ, 270.

Ophrydeæ, 308, 310.

Ophrys, 310.

Orach root (Atriplex Hortensis), 97.

Orange, 89, 423; fruit of, 165; Linnæan classification of, 202.

Orange-flower water, 426.

Orchidaceæ, 147, 202, 286, 304; fecundation of, 187.

Orchidaceous epiphytes, 315.

Orchis maculata, 310.

Orontaceæ, 287.

Orchids, 304; anomalous structure of, 305; genera and families of, 308.

Orchil, 268.

Orchis, 310.

—— latifolia, 313.

—— mascula, 7.

Ordeal Tree, 446.

Orobranchaceæ, 460, 462.

Orpine, 371.

Orthaspermeæ, 506.

Orthotropal, 326; ovule, 154.

Oryza sativa, 290.

Oryzeæ, 290.

Oscillatoria nigro-viridis, 228.

—— spiralis, 228.

Our Lady's gloves, 392.

Ovary, 151.

Oxalidaceæ, 427, 428.

Oxalis (Wood Sorrel), 97, 99; embryo of, 170.

Ox-eye, 444; Linnæan classification of, 202.

—— acetosella, 428.

Oxycoccus palustris, 497.

Pachygoneæ, 362.

Padalyriciæ, 443.

Pæderieæ, 498.

Pæonia, 399, 400.

Pagoda-tree (Ficus religiosa), 11, 342.

Paleole, 289.

Palmals, 286.

Palmaceæ, 286, 293.

Palm, stem of, 24; distribution of, 517; germination of, 192.

Panax quinquefolium, 512.

Pandanaceæ, 286.

Pandanus (Screw-pine), 4.

Pangiaceæ, 366.

Paniceæ, 290.

Panicles, 126.

Pansy, 371.

Papaver rhæas, 401.

—— somniferum, 401.

—— bractiatum, 401.

Papaveraceæ, 391, 400.

Papaw-tree, 366.

Papayaceæ, 366.

Papayals, 366.

Paper Mulberry (Broussonetia), 77.

Papilionaceous, 197.

—— corollas, 143.

Papilla, 122.

Pappophoreæ, 291.

Papyrus antiquorum, 292.

—— corymbasis, 292.

Paraphyses, 275.

Parenchyma, 18, 99.

Parenchymentous cellules, 101.

Parkis Africana, 446.

Parmelia parietina, 269.

Parmeliaceæ, 225.

Parnassia palustris, 404.

Parsley, 506, 510.

Parsnip, 507, 510.

Partite leaf, 81.

Passarina tinctoria, 440.

Passiflora contrayerva, 369.

Passifloraceæ, 367, 368.

Passion flower, 367; styles of, 186.

Pastinacea sativa, 510.

Pavonia, 380.

Pea, 197, 444; Linnæan classification of, 202.

Peach, 448, 449.

Peach-leaved Bell-flower, 484.

Pear, the seed, of, 168; classification of, 197; fruit of, 453.

Pearl Grass, 435.

Pectine, formation of, 162.

Pedaliaceæ, 479, 480.

Peduncle, 125.

Pelargonium, 429, 431.

—— inquinans, 432.

—— odoratissimum, 432.

—— zonale, 432.

Pellitory, at the period of fecundation, 185.

Penæaceæ, 458.

Pentandria, fifth Linnæan class, having five stamens in each flower, 202.

Pentstemon, 481.

Peonies, 399.

Peppers, 436.

Pericarp, 157.

Perigynous stamens, 155.

Perisperm, 211.

Peristeria cerina, 305.

—— elata, 305.

Peristomium, 274.

Periwinkle, 461.

Peronospera, 264.

Persian Lilac, 465.

Persistent leaves, those which remain longer than a year, 89

—— stipula, 104.

Personate, 142, 197.

Peruvian bark, 501.

Petalloid corolla, 140.

Petalous, 196.

Petals, 137.

Petiolated, 79.

Petiole, 74, 78.

Petiolules, 79.

Petiveriaceæ, 386.

Petroselinum sativum, 510.

Petunia, 481.

Peucedaneæ, 507.

Peucedanum, 507.

Phalanideæ, 290.

Phanerogams, from φανερός, “visible,” and γαμος, “nuptials,” have perceptible reproductive organs, formed of stamens and ovules, either naked, or enclosed in a kind of pistil, 200, 219.

Phascum, 272.

Phaseoleæ, 444.

Phaseolus 324.

—— vulgaris (Haricot bean), 2.

—— multiflorus, 444.

Phillyrea (mock privet), 36.

Philydraceæ, 286, 315.

Phylesiaceæ, 322, 324.

Phyllode, 349.

Phyllodium, 83.

Physalis alkekengi, 471.

Phytolaceæ, 435.

Physymycetes, 225.

Phytolals, 435.

Pimpernell, 474.

Pimpinella, 507, 509.

Pinaceæ, 324, 326.

Pine Apple, 300.

—— Strawberry, 456.

Pines, 324.

Pink, 197, 433; Linnæan classification of, 202.

Pinus larico, 328.

—— sylvestris, 327.

Piperaceæ, 435.

Piperals, 435.

Pipers, 435.

Pipperaceæ, 436.

Pippul, 343.

Pistachia vera, 422.

Pistachio, classification of, 196. Pistiaceæ, 286. Pistil, 119, 150. Pisum sativum, 444. Pitcher plant, 347. Pittosporaceæ, 403, 416. Placenta, the part which supports the ovules, 151. Plane-tree, 345. Plantaginaceæ, 472. Plantanaceæ, 339. Plantanthera chloranta, 148. Plantanus, 345. —— orientalis, 345. Plants, respiration of, 189; the first nourishment of, 190; increase of temperature at time of fecundation of, 188; list of, with times of flowering, 123; sleep of, 98. Platygoneæ, 362. Ploceria compressa, 244. Plum, 448, 450. Plumbaginaceæ, 472. Plumbago zeylanica, 472. Podocarps, 320. Podostemaceæ, 422. Polemormaceæ, 464. Pollen, 144; composition of, 146; tubes, 147. Polyadelphia, eighteenth Linnæan class, in which the filaments are united in several bodies, 202. Polyadelphus stamens, 149. Polyandria, thirteenth Linnæan class, having twenty or more stamens inserted upon the receptacle, 202. Polygala senega, 388. Polygamia equalis, flowers all fertile hermaphrodite, a division of the Sygenesia class, 203. —— frustranea, neutral flowers, sterile at the circumference, a division of the Syngenesia class, 203. —— necessarea, female flowers, fertile at the circumference, 203. —— segregata, flowers provided with a proper and clustered calyx under a common calyx, a division of the Syngenesia class, 203. —— superflua, female flowers, fruitful at the circumference, a division of the Syngenesia, 203. Polygamous plants, those bearing on one stem, male, female, and hermaphrodite flowers, 120; class, 201; fecundation of, 186. Polygolaceæ, 386 Polygonaceæ, 432. Polygonum, ovule of, 183. Polypetalous, 196; calyx, 139. —— corolla, 166. Polyposiaceæ, 270. Polysepalous calyx, 134. Polytrichum, 272; reproduction of, 273. Pomaceæ, 452. Pontederaceæ, 287. Poplar, 55, 337. Poppy, 400; Linnæan classification of, 202. Populus alba, 55, 337. —— fastignatus (Lombardy Poplar), 56, 66. —— nigra, 337. —— tremula (aspen), 89, 337. Portulaceæ, 432. Potato (Solanum tuberosum), 61, 467, 467. —— disease, 250, 264. Power of germination, continuance of, 175. Prescottia colorans, 305. Primrose (Primula), 10. Primula (Primrose), 10. —— veris, 473. Primulaceæ, 472, 473. Primine sac, 153. Privet, 465. Procumbent stems, 26.

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