Deciduous, applied to plants of which the leaves fall before the spring following their appearance, 89. Decompound leaves, 79. Dehiscence, a longitudinal cleft along which the opening of the anther takes place, 145. Dehiscent Fruits, 159. Delphinium Ajacis, 396. Dentate leaf, 79. Desert Nut, 422. Desmodium gyrans, 93, 444. Desvauxiaceæ, 286, 292. Development of vegetation from humble to more highly organised forms, 223. Dextrine, 190. Dhak, 444. Diadelphia, seventeenth Linnæan class, plants in which the filaments are united in two bodies, 202. Diadelphous stamens, 149. Diandria, second Linnæan class, having two stamens on each flower, 202. Dianthus barbatus, 434. —— caryophyllus, 432, 434. —— moschatus, 434. —— superbus, 434. Diapensiaceæ, 460. Diastase, 190. Diatomaceæ, 225. Dichotomous, from διχα “by pairs,” and τεμνω, “I divide,” 133. Diclinous exogens, 333. Dicotyledonous, 169. Dicotyledonous gymnospermes, five families of De Jussieu's, comprehending what are now called evergreens, 220. —— angiospermes, 220. —— gymnospermes of De Jussieu, 220. —— vegetation, 110. Dictyogens, from δικτυς, “a net,” and γενεσθαι, “to be,” 221, 332. Dictyogeneæ, structure of, 322. Didynamia, fourteenth Linnæan class, comprising plants having four stamens, of which two are short and two long, 202. Didynamous stamens, 148. Dielytra spectabilis, 138. Digitalis, 481. —— purpurea, 481. Dill, 509. Dilleniaceæ, 391, 392. Dillesk, 245. Diœceæ, 201. Diœcious plants, having the flowers of either sex on separate individuals, 120; fecundation of, 186. Dionæa, 76, 403. Dionæa muscipula (Venus Fly-trap), 83, 93, 404. Dionedule, 332. Dioscorea, 322. —— alatea, 323. Dioscoreaceæ, 322. Dipsacaceæ, 482, 485. Dipsacus, 485. Dipteraceæ, 383. Dipterus odorata, 445. Dissemination of seeds, 161, 172. Distichous, 88. Distillation, 425. Diurnal respiration, 108. Dockweed (Rumex), 55. Dodder (Cuscuta Europæa), 14. Dodecandria, eleventh Linnæan class, having eleven to nineteen stamens in each flower, 202. Dogbane, 461. Dog Rose, 454. Dog's Tooth Violet, 319. Dogwood (Cornus), 90, 512.

Dormant buds, 55. Dotted Vessels, 38. Draba verna (Early Whitlow Grass), the stem of, 24. Dracæna, 319. —— Draco, 318. Dragon-tree, 318, 319. —— of Orotava, 318, 319. Dropworts, 457, 507. Droseraceæ, 403, 404. Drosera lunata, 404. —— rotundifolia, 405. —— communis, 504. Drupaceæ, 442, 448. Drupe (stone fruit), 163. Dry fruits, 159. —— variety in their mode of opening, 160. Drymispermidæ, 439. Duckweed (Lemna), 3, 286. Duramen (Heartwood), 36. Dutch Poplar, or Pollard Willow (Salix alba), 56.

Early Whitlow grass (Draba verna), the stem of, 24. Earthnut, 507. Ebenaceæ, 460. Ebony, 447, 461. Echinophora, 204. Echinops Sphærocephalus, 81. Echium vulgare, 476. Edible swallows' nests, 244. Egg plant, 469. Egg-shaped morell, 470. Eglantine, 505. Egyptian bean, 390. Ehrenberg, 225. Ehretiaceæ, 475. Elæagnaceæ, 339. Elæagnus angustifolia, 339. —— conferta, 339. —— hortensis, 339. Elais, Guineensis, 298. Elatinaceæ, 432. Elder, 504. —— classification of, 197. Elder-flower water, 550. Elm (Ulmus), 87, 459. Elm of Ephesus, 319. Embryo, the germ of a new individual, composed of cells and spiral vessels, a rudimentary descending portion which becomes the root, or radicle, and a rudimentary ascending axis surmounted by a bud or gemmule, 169. Embryo sac, cell of the nucleus excessively developed, in which the embryo is fully formed, 183. Empetraceæ, 347. Encephalartos, 332. Encinchonitæ, 498. Endive, 488. Endlicher's principles of classification, 215. Endocarp, a woody kernel, the protection of the embryo, ενδον, “inside,” καρπος, “fruit,” 163. Endogenous stems, from ενδον, “within,” and γενναω, “I produce,” 48, 221, 222, 285. Endosmometer, 20. Endosmose, 20. Enneandria class (Linnæan 9th class), having nine stamens in each flower, 202. Entophyta, 250. Epacridaceæ, a family of Heaths from New Holland, 145, 417. Epacris, 418. Ephedra, 87, 324. Epicarp, επι, “over,” καρπος, “fruit,” an epidermal membrane of varying thickness, 163.

Epidendreæ, 308. Epidermis, 41, 100. Epigynous, 212. Epiphytes, 314. Equisetaceæ, 270. Eranthis hiemalis, 395. Ergotetia abortans, 257. Erica arborea, 419. —— cineria, 419. —— scoparia, 419. Ericetals, 417. Eringos, 507. Eriobotrya Japonica, 453. Eriocaulaceæ, 286, 287, 293. Erodium (Stork's Bill), 431. Ervum lens, 444. Eryngium, 204, 506, 507. Erysiphæ, 251. Erysiphes, 261, 262. Erythræa Centaurium (Centaury), 132, 464. Erythrina umbrosa, 444 Erythrophlæum Guineense, 416. Erythropylaceæ, 337. Eschscholtzia Californica, 403. Essai sur les Properties des Plants, 217. Eubrachion, 514. Eucalyptus, 519. Eudryals, 416. Eugenia, 76. Euphorbals, 347. Euphorbiaceæ, 120, 161, 347. Eurotium, 264. Euryale, 122. Euryalides, 389. Euryalus ferox, 389. Evening Primrose (Œnothera), 98. Evergreen Oak, 353. Evergreen trees, structure of the stems of, 45; distribution of, 89. Exembryonateæ, 221. Exhalation in plants, 106. Exogens, from εξ and γενεσθαι, “to grow by external additions,” 221, 222, 332. Exogenous stems, from εξω, “without,” and γενναω, “I produce,” 46.

Fabaceæ, 441. Faba vulgaris, 444. Fæniculum capensis, 507. —— vulgare, 510. Fagus cuprea, 355. —— pendulata, 356. —— purpurea, 355. —— sylvatica, 355. —— variegatus, 355 Fan Palm, 5. Fasciculated root, 5. Fasciculus or Bunch, 126. Feathered Pink, 434. Fecula, 8, 43, 170. Fecundation, 177, 179; of Vaucheria, 238; artificial, of the Date-tree, 187. Female conceptacle of Ficus vesiculosus, 242. Fennel, the seed of, 168, 506, 510. Fern (Tree), 276. Ferns, 49, 225, 275; classification of, 197; reproduction of, 280. Festuceæ, 291. Febrilla, 3, 18. Fibrous tissue, 36. Ficoides noctiflora, 123. Ficoids, 437. Ficus, 342. —— elastica, 44, 343. —— religiosa (Pagoda Fig-tree), 11. Field Poppy, the seed of, 168. Fig, fruit of, 167, 342, 344. Figwort, Linnæan classification of, 202. Filament, the lower part of the stamen, 144. Filicals, 270.

Filices, 275. Flacourtiaceæ, 267, 368. Flax (Linum), 78, 123, 427. Fleshy fruits, 161, 163. Flora, changes in, as we ascend mountains, 517; of Oceanea, 548. —— Marguerita, 485. Floral calendar, Linnæus's, 124. —— clock, De Candolle's, 123. Floret, 486. Florilla, a mucilaginous liquid contained in the innermost covering of the pollen grain, 146. Floscular, or flowers with funnel-shaped petals, 197. Floscules, 486. Flower, 127; definition of, 118; composition of, 119; sexes of, 120; of the Lime-tree, 385. Flower-bearing trees, classification of, 196. Flower-bud, 51. Flowering herbaceous plants, classes of, 197; plants, 222; variation in period of, 123; cane, germination of, 192; Rush, 320. Flowerless plants, 221. Foliation, mode of, 53. Folioles, 79. Follicle, 159. Fontinalis, 272. Fordylium, 507. Forget-me-not (Myosotis), 133, 475, 476. Fossil species compared with existing, 320. Foxglove (Digitalis purpurea), 119, 481. —— Linnæan classification of, 202. Fragaria, 454. —— chilénsis, 456. —— collina, 456. —— vesca, 456. Fragilaria pectinalis, 225. Francoaceæ, 417, 418. Frankeniaceæ, 368, 426. Fraxinus, 454, 465. —— excelsior, 465, 466. —— ornus, 465. —— rotundifolia, 464, 466. French Honeysuckle, 444. Fries' classification of Fungi, 250; opposition to the equivocal generation of Fungals, 257. Fringed Buckbean, 463. Fritillaria, 319. Frog Orchis, 305. Fronds, 49, 276. Fruit, the, 156; modification of, 162; of the Fig, 167; of the Pine, 167; of the Raspberry, 166; of the Strawberry, 166. Fruits and leaves, analogy between, 157. Fucaceæ, 225, 233. Fuceæ, 234. Fucus vesiculosus, 233, 239. —— diœceous, 240. Fumaria officinalis, 405. Fumariaceæ, 403, 405. Fumitories, 405. Funereal Cypress (Cupressus), 66. Fungals, 225, 247; destructive power of, 224; multiplicity of species of, 257; rapid production of cells by, 224, 247. Funiculus, the attachment of the ovules to the placenta, 153. Furze, 443. Fuchsia, deposition of the pollen in the stigma of, 185.

Galbulus, 328, 331. Gales, 338. Galiaceæ, 497. Galium, 500. Gamboge, 389. Garcinia cochinchinensis, 380. —— mangostana, 389. Gardenia florida, 504. Gardenideæ, 498.

Garryaceæ, 361. Garryals, 361. Gasteromycetes, 225, 250. Gelidium, 244. Gemmule, 169. Genera Plantarum, 240, 215. Generating zone, 115. Gentian, 460. Gentiana, 463. —— lutea, 463. Gentianaceæ, 460, 462. Genus, a name applied to a group of plants possessing some general characteristic or characteristics in common, 194. Geraniaceæ, 427, 429. Geranials, 427. Geranium, 429, 430; fruit of, 161. —— Robertianum, 431 Germinating seeds, roots of, 14. Germination, 177, 189; of the Sugar Cane, 192; of the Date, 295; in Ferns, 277; effect of, 190. Gesneraceæ, 479, 480. Gilliesiaceæ, 287, 320. Gilliflower, Linnæan classification of, 202. Gladiolus, 74. Gleditschia tricanthus, 79. Glomerule, forms of inflorescence, resembling capitation, consisting of imperfect flowers, 126. Glomerules, 477. Glumaceous plants, 287. Glumals, 286. Glumæ, 125, 288. Glycose, 162 Glycyrrhiza glabra, 443. Gnetaceæ, 324, 325, 331. Gnettardeæ, 498. Gnetum, 324. —— gnemon, 332. Gnidia daphnoides, 440. Gnidieæ, 439. Goatbeard, Linnæan classification of, 203. Goethe, 217. Goldilocks, 398. Gongora fulva, 305. Gonidia, 266, 268. Gonidial bed, 269. Goniomycetes, 225. Goodeniaceæ, 482. Gorse, 443. Gossypium, 380, 383. —— arboreum, 384. —— religiosum, 384. Gourd, 363. Grafting, process of, 57, 70; by inclination, 69. Gramineæ, Grass family, roots of, 10, 24, 104, 286, 287; stems of, 24; injurious species, 291; most esteemed species, 292; distribution of, 517. Grandifloral Primrose, 473. Granules, 44. Graphidaceæ, 225. Grass, see Gramineæ. —— of Parnassus, 404. Gravitation, action of, in guidance of roots, 16. Great Constable, the, 424. Greenheart, 441. Green Seed Cotton, 384. Grevellia, 440. Grew, 217. Ground nut, 444. Groundsel, Linnæan classification of, 203. Groves of Death, 544. Guelder Rose, 504. Guernsey Lily, 301. Guetaceæ, 324, 325. Gulf Weed, 234. Gum Amine, 445.

Gum Arabic, 447. —— tragacanth, 443. Guttiferales, 388. Guttifers, 389. Gymnadenia, 310. Gymnogens, from γυμνος, “naked,” 221, 222, 324. Gymnospermes, or naked-seeded, from γυμνος, “naked,” and σπερμα, “seed,” a class of phænerogames arranged by De Jussieu, 219. Gynæcium, 151. Gynandrous class, 202. Gypsophylla elegans, 434. Gyrus, 276.

Habenaria, 310. Hæmatoxylon campechianum, 445. Hæmodoraceæ, 286, 300. Hakea, 441. Halidrys, 243. Hamamelidaceæ, 512. Hamelieæ, 498, 506. Harebell, 484. Haricot bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), 2, 444. Haschich, 341. Haseridæ, 487. Hawthorn (Cratægus oxyacantha), 61, 453. Hazel, 349. Heartwood (Duramen), 36. Heat, emission of, by flowers, 187. Heather, 420. Heaths, Linnæan classification of, 202, 419. Hedera helix (Ivy), 14, 511. —— terrestris, 512. Hedychium coronarium, 304. Hedysareæ, 444. Hedysarum coronarium, 444. Hedytideæ, 498. Helectereæ, 380. Hellebore, 395. —— fœtidus, 395. Helmingiaceæ, 361. Hemerocallæ, 319. Hemianthus, 481. Hemlock (Conium maculatum), 79, 202, 506, 510. Hemp (Canabis sativa), 43, 81. Henbane, 467, 471. Hepaticæ, 270; reproductive organs of, 271. Heptandria class (Linnæan 7th class), having seven stamens in each flower, 202. Herbaceous plants, 196; stems, 26. Hermaphrodite flowers, those having both male and female organs of reproduction, 85, 120. Heteroclineæ, 362. Hexandria class (Linnæan 6th class), having six stamens on each flower, 202. Hibernaculum, or Winter Quarters, 123. Hibisceæ, 380. Hibiscus, 170, 380, 383. —— esculentus, 383. Hieracideæ, 487. Hilum, the point at which the ovules are attached to the placenta, 153. Hippocrateaceæ, 458. Hippophaë rhamnoides, 339. Hippuris, Linnæan classification of, 202. Hog's Fennel, 507. Holly (Ilex), 89, 461. Hollyhock, 383, 384. Holly Thistle, 488. Honeysuckle, 504, 505. Hop, 341. Hordeæ, 291. Hornbeam, 350. Horse Chestnut (Æsculus Hypocastanum), 63, 388; Linnæan classification of, 202. Horseradish-tree, 446. Horsfieldia, 507. Horza capensis, 507.

Houseleek, 371. Hulysereæ, 234. Humboldt on distribution, 517. Humiriaceæ, 417. Humirium floribundum, 417. Humulus lupulus, 341. Humus, 4. Hyacinth, bulb of, 29. Hydrals, 286. Hydrangeaceæ, 457, 458. Hydrocharidaceæ, 286. Hydrocotyle vulgaris (Marsh Pennywort), 72. Hydrocotyleæ, 506. Hydrocyanic acid, presence of, in the genus Prunus, 449. Hydrolea, 472. Hydrophyllaceæ, 472. Hymenæa, 320. Hymenium, 248. Hymenomycetes, 249, 250. Hyoscyamus, 467. —— niger, 471. Hypericaceæ, 388. Hyphomycetes, 248. Hypnum, 272. Hypochæridæ, 487. Hypocrateriform corolla, 140. Hypogynous, 212. —— exogens, 367. —— stamens, 154. Hypoxidaceæ, 286 300.

Iberis, 375. Icacinaceæ, 416. Iceland Moss, 267. Ice Plants, 438. Icosandria Class (Linnæan 12th Class) having twenty or more stamens inserted upon the calyx, 202. Ilex (the Holly), 89, 352. —— aquifolium, 461. —— Paraguayensis, 461. Illecebraceæ, 432. Impatiens, 161. Indehiscent Fruits, 159. Indian Cress, 377, 381. —— Rubber, 343. —— Shot (Canna Indica), 55. —— Tobacco, 484. Indigofera tinctoria, 443. Indusium, 277, 280. Inferior, or adherent ovary, 153. Inflorescence, the flower-head, 124, 125. Infundibuliform corolla, 140, 197. Internode, 92. Involucre, 204. Ipecacuanha, 500. Iridaceæ, 286, 301. Iris, 55; Linnæan classification of, 202. —— Germanica, subterranean root of, 28. Ironwood, 461. Isatis, 375. Isertieæ, 498. Ivy (Hedera helix), 13, 511; confusion respecting, 511. Ixora coccinea, 504. —— odorata, 504.

Japanese Medlar, 453. Jarella plant, 444. Jasmin, Linnæan classification of, 202. Jasminaceæ, 474. Jasmines, 474. Jews' Apple, 469. Joint Firs, 324, 331. —— Grass, Linnæan classification of, 202. Judas-tree, 445. Juglandaceæ, 349, 359. Juglans regia, 359. Juncaceæ (Rushes), 126, 287, 315.

Juncaginaceæ, 287. Juncals, 287. Jungermaniaceæ, 270, 271. Juniper (Juniperus communis), 74, 324, 329, 330. Jussieu, Adrien de, 208, 210; principles of classification, 208, 210; division of Cryptogams, 211, 212; divisions, 213. —— Bernard de, 206, 210. —— Laurent de, 210.

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