Apricot, 450.

Apothecœia, 269.

Apple, 452.

—— fruit of, 165, 453.

—— of Sodom, 469.

Apples, classification of, 197.

Approach grafting, 71.

Apricot, 448.

Aquifoliaceæ, 460, 461.

Aquilariaceæ, 458.

Araceæ, 286, 287.

Arachis hypogæa, 444.

Araliaceæ, 506, 511.

Arals, 286.

Arbutus, 417.

—— unedo, 420.

Arceuthobium, 514.

Archangelica officinalis, 507, 508, 509.

—— sylvestris, 509.

Archegones, 274, 275.

Archegonium, 274, 275.

Archidals, 286.

Archidium, 270.

Archil, 268.

Arec palm (Areca Catechu), 298.

Arethuseæ, 308, 313.

Aristolochia, 202.

—— clematitis, 515.

—— cordiflora, 515.

—— cymbifera, 515.

—— gigantea, 515.

Aristolochiaceæ, 513, 514.

Aristolochiæ, 121.

Aristotle, the founder of Botany, 194.

Arnatto dye, 367.

Arontiaceæ, 315.

Arrowhead (Sagittaria), 73.

Arrowroot, 301.

Artichoke, 488.

Artocarpaceæ, 339, 344.

Artocarpus incisa, 345.

Arum maculatum (Cuckoo Pint), 133.

—— (vulgare), increase of temperature of, at time of fecundation, 138.

Arums, 286.

Arundineæ, 291.

Arvore de paina (Chorisia), 377.

Asclepias, 168, 471.

—— floribunda, 148.

Asclepiadaceæ, 464, 471.

Ascomycetes, 225.

Asexual plants, 221.

Ash, 464; structure of, 465; limits of the distribution of, 524.

Aspen (Populus tremula), 88.

Asperageæ, 319.

Aspergillus, 264.

Asperula, 500.

Asteraceæ, see Compositæ.

Astragalus, 443.

Astrantia, 129, 506, 507.

Astroloma humifusum, 418.

Atragene, 399.

Atragenum, 399.

Atriplex Hortensis (Orach root), 97.

Atropa, 467.

—— Belladonna, 470.

Attingiaceæ, 333.

Auber, or Sap wood, 36.

Aurantiaceæ, 421.

Australian Cranberries, 418.

Austrian Oak, 354.

Avena, 193.

Aveneæ, 291.

Avoira Palm, 298.

Axils, 4.

Azalea, 417, 419.

—— arborescens, 420.

—— procumbens, 420.

Azorella, 506.

Balanophoraceæ, 284.

Balsamina hortensis, 427.

Balsaminaceæ, 427.

Balsamines, 161.

Balsamodendron myrrha, 426.

Banksia, 440.

Banyan-tree, 13.

Baobab, 320, 377, 378.

—— trunk of, 24.

Baphia nitida, 446.

Baptista tinctoria, 443.

Barberry (Berberis), 84, 406.

—— different species of, 407.

—— irritability of flower of, 186.

Bark (cortex), 40.

Barley, classification of, 197.

—— Linnæan classification of, 202.

Bary, M. de, on the germination of Mucor, 264.

Basellaceæ, 438.

Basels, 437.

Basides, 253.

Bauhinia, 81.

Bean, 444.

—— cotyledon of, 169.

—— evolution of the embryo of the, 191.

—— Linnæan classification of, 202.

Bedstraws, 500.

Beech, 355.

Beggar's Herb, 399.

Begoniaceæ, 90.

Belladonna, 301, 470.

Bell Campanula, 483.

Bell Flower, 483.

Bellis perennis, 485.

Benzoin, 460.

Berberidaceæ, 403, 406.

Berberids, 403.

Berberis (Barberry), 84.

Berry, the (class of fleshy fruits), 163.

Betula alba, 334.

Betulaceæ, 125, 333, 338.

Bexa orellana, 367.

Bigaradier, 424.

Bignonia, 450.

Bignoniaceæ, 362, 480.

O O

Bilberry, 497.

Billardiera mutabilis, 416.

Bindweed, 471.

Bipartite leaf, 81.

Birch, 53, 334.

Bird's Foot Trefoil, Trigonella Ornithopodioides, 93.

Birdsnest, 507.

Biting Stonecrop, 371.

Bitter-sweet, 467.

Black Nightshade, 469.

Black Oak, 354.

Black Poppy, 401.

Black-seed Cotton, 384.

Blackwood, 447.

Bladder Senna (Colutea arborescens), 97.

Blister-producing Properties of Rannunculus, 398.

Blood Flowers, 301.

Bloom, 163.

Blueberry, 497.

Blue Water-lily, 390.

Blumenbachia insignis, 138.

Bolaxozebaria, 506.

Bolbophyllum barbigerum, 305.

Boletus, 248.

Bombaceæ, 380.

Bombax, 377.

—— pentandrum, 380.

Borage, 476.

—— Linnæan classification of, 202.

Boraginaceæ, 475.

Borago officinalis, 476.

Boswellia serrata, 426.

Botanical Nomenclature and Language 200.

Botany, the Science of, 194.

Botryaceæ, 225.

Botrytis infestans, 250, 251.

Bouvardia, 504.

Bowlesia, 506.

Box (Buxus), 89.

—— classification of, 196.

Bract, definition of the term, 120.

Bracts, 125.

Bramble, 454, 455.

Branchiæ, 101.

Branching Cluster, or Raceme, 129.

Brazil Wood, 445.

Bread-fruit, 344.

Brexiaceæ, 457.

Bristleworts, 286.

Bromeliaceæ, 76, 286.

Brongniart's Principles of Classification, 215.

Broom Heath, 419.

Broussonetia (Paper Mulberry), 77.

Brown, R., 218, 220.

Bruniaceæ, 506.

Brunonia australis, 513.

Brunoniaceæ, 475.

Brunsvigias, 301.

Brya ebenus, 447.

Bryaceæ, 270.

Bryonia Dioica, 365.

Bryony, 8.

Budding, Process of, 57.

Buds, Arrangement of Scales of, 51.

Buffon, on Distribution, 517.

Bugloss, 475, 476.

Bulb, solid, 29.

—— superposed, 29.

Bulbous Plants, Subterranean Roots of, 28.

Bulrushes, 286.

Bunch or Fasciculus, 126.

Bunium, 507.

Burgundy Pitch, 327, 322.

Burmanniaceæ, 286.

Burnet Saxifrage, 507.

Butea Frondosa, 444.

Butoniaceæ, 287, 320.

Buttercup, 398.

Buxus (the Box), 89.

Bythneriaceæ, 377, 380.

Cabbage, 573.

—— Linnæan classification of, 202.

Cabbage-tree, 445.

Cabombaceæ, 389.

Cacao, 377.

Cactus, 4.

—— Peruvian, 4.

Caducant, from cado, “I fall,” applied to leaves which are shed almost as soon as they appear, 89.

Cæsalpina, 319.

—— Braziliensis, 445.

Cæsalpinieæ, 445.

Caffre-bread, 332.

Calabash-tree, 480.

Calamus, 299.

Calathium, 125.

Calceolaria, 481.

Calla palustris, 315.

Callitrichaceæ, 347.

Calluna vulgaris, 420.

Caltha palustris (Marsh Marigold), 120.

—— pluvialis, 124.

Calycanthaceæ, 441, 442, 432.

Calyptra, 271.

Calyx (καλυξ), the cup which holds the flower, 119, 133.

—— form of, in the Rosemaries and Sages, 479.

Cambium, 114.

Campaniform, 197.

Campanula, 197, 483; singular property of the hair covering the styles of, 189.

—— persicifolia, 484.

—— pyramidalis, 484.

—— rotundifolia, 484.

Campanulaceæ, 482, 483, 485.

Campanulate corolla, 140.

Campylospermeæ, 507.

Campylotropal ovule, 154.

Canada Balsam, 327.

Candolle, De, on the dissemination of seeds, 173; principles of classification, 215, 216; modifications of De Jussieu's system, 218.

Canewood, 446.

Canna Indica (Indian Shot), 75.

Cannæ, Linnæan classification of, 202.

Cannabinaceæ, 339, 340.

Cannabis Indica, 341.

—— sativa (Hemp), 43, 81, 340.

Canopy, a large and broad petal covering the others, and occupying the upper part of of the corolla, 143.

Cape Jasmine, 504.

Capillarity, 21.

Capitulum, or head formed by numerous sessile flowers, inserted on the surface of an enlarged and flattened axis, 125, 129, 240.

—— of the Daisy, 485.

Capparidaceæ, 373, 377.

Caprifoliæ, 504.

Caprifoliaceæ, 497, 504.

Capsella (Shepherd's Purse), 124.

Capsicum, 471.

Capsules, or thecæ of Ferns, 276.

Caraway, 510.

Cardamine pratensis, 376.

Cardoon, 488.

Cardueæ, 412.

Carduus calcitrapa, 488.

Carex, 28.

Carica papaya, 366.

Caries, 257.

Carnation, 434.

Carpels, elementary organs, the junction of which forms the pistil, 151.

Carpensis betutus, 356.

Carrot, 507, 510.

Carum carvi, 510.

Caryophyllaceæ, 432, 433.

Caryophyllaceous corolla, a corolla with five petals, each having a long claw hidden by the calyx, 142.

Caryophyllus, 197, 434.

Caryopsis, from καρυα, “wall-nut,” and οφις, “appearance,” 159, 289.

Cassia, 97, 441.

—— lanceolata, 445.

Castanea vulgaris, 356.

Castor Oil-tree (Ricinis communis), 81, 347.

Casuarinaceæ, 333, 337.

Cassythaceæ, 439, 441.

Castagno de'cento Cavalli, 357.

Catalpa, classification of, 197.

Catasetum viride, 305.

Catchfly (Dionæa), 76, 435.

Catkin, or Ament, from amentum, 125, 129.

Cattleya, 309.

Caudex, or Stock, 3.

Cavallon Melon, 364.

Cedar, 328.

Cedrelaceæ, 421.

Celandine (Chelidonium laciniatum) 44, 402.

Celastraceæ, 458.

Celery, 506, 510.

Cellular Cryptogamia, a division of the Cryptogamia arranged by De Jussieu, including those plants composed of a vegetable tissue only, not traversed by vessels, 219.

—— laminæ, 39.

Cellulares, 221.

—— of De Candolle, 270.

Cellule, 34.

Centaurea cyanis, 488.

Centaury, 462.

—— Linnæan classification of, 203.

—— (Erythræa centaurium), 132.

Centrifugal Inflorescence, 125, 126.

Cephælis, 500.

—— ipecacuanha, 500.

Ceraistes, 435.

Ceramiaceæ, 225, 244.

Cerastium præcox, 138.

Ceratophyllaceæ, 339.

Cercis selequastrum, 445.

Cerdiereæ, 498.

Cereus grandiflorus, 123.

Ceroscyte, 300.

Cetraria Islandica, 267.

Chailletiaceæ, 458.

Chalaga, the point of adhesion of the nucleus, to its integuments, 153.

Chanæpetys, 512.

Chara, 245.

Characeæ, 225, 245.

Charopsis, 245.

Chelidonium laciniatum (Celandine), 44.

—— majus, 402.

Chenopodiaceæ, 435.

Chenopods, 435.

Cherry, 448.

—— Classification of, 197.

Chervil, 510.

Chestnut, 356.

—— of a Hundred Horses, the, 357.

Chestnut-leaved Oak, 354.

Chickweed (Stellaria) seed of, 168, 435.

Chicory, 488.

Chimorianthus, 442.

Chlænaceæ, 427, 428.

Chloranthaceæ, 435, 436.

Chlorideæ, 221.

Chlorophyce, 42, 101, 227.

Chondria, 244.

Chondrus crispus, 244.

Christmas Rose, 395.

Chrysobalanaceæ, 441, 442.

Cichoraceæ, 124, 487.

Cichorium endivium, 488.

Cichorium intybus, 488.

Cicuta virosa, 511.

Cilia, or Hairs, 118.

Cinchona barks, 501; mode of procuring, 501.

—— calisayra, 501.

Cinchonaceæ, 498, 500.

Cinchoneæ, 498.

—— characters of, 501.

Cinnamon, 441.

Cinnamonium Zeylanicum, 441.

Circulation in Plants, 110.

Cirrhæa tristis, 305.

Cistaceæ, 373.

Cistals, 373.

Cistus, 123.

Citrus, 89.

—— aurantium, 423.

—— vulgaris, 424.

Cladonia rangiferina, 267.

Classes, Table of De Jussieu's arrangement of, 213.

—— Linnæan division of, 203.

Classification of Plants, 193; Adamson's system of, 208; Artificial system of, 203; De Jussieu's method of, 208; Laurent de Jussieu's system, 213; Linnæan system of, 200; Dr. Lindley's system, 220; Magnol's system of, 206.

Clathraria, 320.

Claw (unguis) of Petals, 138.

Cleft Grafting, 71.

Clematis, 398.

Climate of Alpine regions, approach to that of the North, 525.

Clitoria ternatea, 444.

Cloven leaf, 79.

Clover, 443.

Clove-tree, 434.

Clubbed Oak, 352, 353.

Clusiaceæ, 388, 389.

Cluster, or Raceme, 129.

Cnicus benedictus, 488.

Cocci, 161.

Cocelerea officinalis, 375.

Cocoa-nut tree, 296.

Cocos nucifera, 296.

Cœlogyne cristata, 308.

Coffea, 500.

Coffeæ, 498.

Coffee, 500.

Colchicum autumnale (Meadow Saffron), 38.

Collemaceæ, 225.

Collinsia, 481.

Collum, or point of juncture of the stem and caudex, 4.

Colocasia, increase of temperature at time of flowering, 183.

Colocynth Gourd, 363.

Columella, 271.

Columelliaceæ, 497.

Colusan, 307.

Colutea, Arborescens (Bladder Senna), 97.

Comfrey, 475.

Commelinaceæ, 286.

Compositæ, 125, 197, 482.

Compound clusters, or panicles, 131.

—— corymbs, 131.

—— inflorescence, 126.

—— leaf, 79.

—— spikes, 131.

—— umbels, 131.

Concomycetes, 250.

Cone, 125; the fruit of the Coniferæ, or Pines, 167.

Coneform, 57.

Confervaceæ, 226.

Confervæ, 118.

Conidies, 262.

Coniferæ, a designation applied to a natural group of plants, the Pines, 167.

Conifers, see Pinaceæ.

Conium maculatum (Hemlock), 79, 510.

Connaraceæ, 422.

Connective, the juncture of the filament with the anther, 145.

Convolvulaceæ, 464, 471.

Convolvulate, 121.

Copper Beech, 355.

Corallina officinalis, 244.

Corallorhiza erinnata, 308.

Corchorus oletorius, 386.

—— capsularis, 386.

Cordiaceæ, 464, 471.

Cordiereæ, 498.

Coriaceous Membranes, 52.

Coriander, 510.

Coriandreæ, 507.

Coriandrum sativum, 510.

Cork-tree (Quercus suber), 39, 353.

Cornaceæ 406.

—— circinata, 512

—— floritta, 512.

Corn Bluebottle, 488.

Corn-centuary, Linnæan classification of, 202.

Corn Cockle, 434.

—— (Nigella arvenis), 170.

Cornel, 512.

—— description of fruit of, 164.

Cornelian Cherry, 512.

Corn Poppy, 401.

Cornus (Dogwood), 90.

—— mascula, 512.

Corolla, 119, 133, 136; principal forms of, 140.

Corpuscles, 171.

—— of Sphæroplea, 230.

Corsican Pine, 323.

Cortex, or bark, 40.

Cortical system, 114.

Corylaceæ, 349.

Corylus avellana, 349.

Corymbe, 125.

—— definition of, 129.

Cotton, 383, 384.

—— seed of, 168.

Cotyledonous limb of monocotyledonous plants at time of germination, 192.

Cotyledons, the first leaves developed between the radicle and the gemmule, 169.

Cotyledon orbiculata, 373.

Cowbane, 511.

Cowslip, 473.

Crane's bill, 429.

Crassula, 372.

—— pertulacaceæ, 368.

Crassulaceæ, 371.

Cranberry, 497.

Cratægus, 453.

—— oxyacantha (Hawthorn), 61.

Creeping Crowfoot, 398.

Creeping stems, 26.

Crenate leaf, 79.

Crescentia cujete, 480.

Crescentiaceæ, 480.

Cress, 373; Linnæan classification of, 202.

Crithmum maritimum, 507.

Crocus, bulb of, 29.

Crotularia juncea, 443.

Croton, 347.

Cruciferæ, 142, 373, 374.

Cruciform, 197.

Cryptogames, from κρυπτος, “hidden,” and γαμος, “marriage,” one of the two great classes into which De Candolle divides plants. Cryptogamia are destitute of pistils and stamens, and are reproduced by means of divers organs which seem to have no analogy except by their functions, with the reproductive organs in phænogams. They have no Cotyledons, but yet cannot be classed with Acotyledonous plants:—200, 219, 221, 223, 224.

Cuckoo Bud, 398.

Cuckoo Pint (Arum maculatum), 133.

Cucumber, 363.

Cucumis, 363.

—— colocynthis, 365.

—— sativa, 364.

Cucurbitaceæ, 362.

Cucurbitals, 362.

Cudbear, 268.

Culm, the stem of the Grass Family, 24.

Cuminæ, 507.

Cummin, 507, 509.

—— cyminum, 507, 509.

Cunoniaceæ, 457, 458.

Cunonia capensis, 458.

Cupressineæ, 328.

Cupressus, 66; sempervirens, 330.

Curcuma Roseana, 304.

Currant, 409.

—— leaf (Ribes), 53.

Cuscuta Europæa (Dodder), 14.

Cuscutaceæ, 14, 464, 472.

Cuticle, 101.

Cuttings, 70.

Cyanara scolymus, 488.

Cycadeaceæ, 324, 325.

Cycads, 324, 332.

Cycas, stomates of, 100.

—— circinatis, 333.

—— revoluta, 332.

Cyclamen, 474.

Cyder Apple, 453.

Cydonia, 453.

Cyme, a form of inflorescence, in which the flowering goes from the base to the summit, or from the centre to the circumference, 132.

Cynanchum, 471.

Cynara, 488.

Cynoches ventricosum, 305.

Cyperaceæ (Reeds), 125, 286, 287, 292.

Cyperus Textilis, 292.

Cyphelia, 266.

Cypresses, 324, 330.

Cyprepedieæ, 308, 314.

Cyrillaceæ, 404, 416.

Cystoseira, 242.

Cytinaceæ, 284.

Cytisus scoparius, 443.

Dacridium, 324.

Daffodil, 301.

Daisy, 197, 485; structure of, 485.

Dalbergia, 444.

Dalbergieæ, 444.

Damask Rose, 455.

Danæaceæ, 270.

Danæads, 270.

Dandelion, 488.

—— Linnæan classification of, 202.

Daphne Bholua, 440.

—— cannabina, 440.

—— gnidium, 440.

—— lagetta, 440.

—— mezerium, 440.

Daphnideæ, 439.

Date Palms, 293; artificial fecundation of, 187; evolution of the embryo of, 191.

Datiscaceæ, 382.

Datura, 131, 467.

—— stramonium, 471.

Daucideæ, 507.

Daucus carota, 507, 510.

Day Lilies, 319.

Deadly Nightshade, 467.

Decandria (Linnæan tenth class) having ten stamens in each flower, 202.

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