Prodromus Historiæ Genetalis Plantarum, 245, 486. —— Systematis Naturalis regni Vegetabiles, 217. Proembryo, 283. Prompt buds, 55. Propagating by slips, 70. Proteaceæ, 439, 440. Prothallium, 281. Protococcus, 227. Prunus, 448, 450. —— Armeniaca, 450. —— avium, 451. —— cerasus, 451. —— semperflorens, 451. Psychotrieæ, 498. Ptepocarpus draco, 444. Pulmonaria officinalis, 476. Pulse, 444. Purple Beech, 355. —— Willow, Linnæan classification of, 202. Purslane-tree, 179. Pycnophycus, 242. Pyramidal Poplar, 337. Pyrenomycetes, 250. Pyrolaceæ, 417, 418. Pyrus communis, fruit of, 453. —— malus, fruit of, 453. Pyxidium, from pyxus, “a box,” dry fruits dividing into two parts by a horizontal chick, 159.

Quadrilocular anthers, 145. Quassia, 422. Queckett on Fungales affecting graminaceæ, 257. Quercitron, 354. Quercus, 350; stem of, 23. —— alba, 354. —— aigelops, 354. —— Austriaca, 354. —— cerris, 353. —— coccifera, 353. —— Hispanica, 354. —— ilex, 353. —— macrophylla, 355. —— pedunculata, 352. —— prinus, 354. —— sessiflora, 352. —— dideraxyla, 355. —— suber (Cork-tree), 39, 353. —— tinctoria, 354. —— vivens, 354. Quernals, 349. Quince, 453. Quincuncial, 88.

Raceme, 125, 129. Racine radicle or root, 2. Radiates, 486. Radiating plants, 197. Radiola, 427. Radish, 373. Rafflesia Arnoldi, 121. Rafflesiaceæ, 284. Ranals, 391. Ranunculaceæ, 83, 390, 391, 392 Ranunculus, 397. —— acaulis, 391. —— aquatilis, 77, 102. —— auricomus, 398. —— flammula, 398. —— glacialis, 392. —— repens, 393. —— trichephyllus, 397. Raphanus, 375. Raphe, a cord-like swelling on one of the sides of the ovule, 154. Raspberry, fruit of, 166. Ray, J., 198; system, foundation of, 217. Reaumuriaceæ, 388.

Receptacle, the, 119, 154.

Red Cedar, 331.

—— Rose, 454.

Reeds (Cyperaceæ), 126.

Reseda odorata, 376.

Resedaceæ, 373, 376.

Resiniferous ducts, 46.

Respiration in plants, 107, 109.

Restiaceæ, 286, 292.

Reticulated fibres, 43.

Rhamnaceæ, 458, 459.

Rhamnus, 459.

Rhizobolaceæ, 388.

Rhizogens, 221, 222, 284.

Rhizogs, see Rhizogens.

Rhizome, 1, 29.

Rhizophora (Mangrove), 4.

Rhizopogon, 254.

Rhizotomæ, or root-cutters, 194.

Rhodiola, 512.

Rhododendron, 417, 421.

—— ponticum, 421.

Rhodomenia palmata, 245.

Rhus cotinus (Sumach), 56, 90, 422.

Ribes (Currant leaf), 53.

Ricciaceæ, 270, 271.

Rice, classification of, 197, 290.

Ricinis communis, 81, 120, 347; cotyledons of, 169.

Rigorous definitions impossible, 214.

Ripogonum, 323.

Robinia, 79.

—— pseud-acacia, 443.

Robur, 352.

Rodochiton, 481.

Rogiera, 504.

Rondeletia speciosa, 504.

Root, the, 2; progress of, 9.

Roots of Orchidaceous plants, 305.

Rosa, genus, 194.

—— Canina, 194, 454.

—— centifolia, 455.

—— Damascus, 455.

—— Gallica, 454.

—— moschata, 455.

—— officinalis, 454.

—— Sabini, 194.

—— Villora, 194.

Rosaceæ, 196, 442, 454.

Rosaceous, 197; corolla having five petals without hooks, 140.

Rose, 197, 454; Linnæan classification of, 202.

—— of Four Seasons, 455.

—— with a hundred leaves, 455.

—— Campion, 434.

—— of Jericho, 438.

Rosemary, form of calyx in, 479.

Rosetangles, 244.

Rotang, 299.

Roxburghiaceæ, 322.

Ruber, 114.

Rubia, 500.

Rubiaceæ, 497, 498.

Rubus, 455.

—— cæsius, 456

—— fructicosus, 456.

Rue, stamens of, at the time of fecundation, 186.

Rumex (Dockweed), 55.

Ruscus, 319.

—— aculeatus, 285.

Rushes (Juncaceæ), 126.

Russellia, 481.

Rutaceæ, 422.

Rutaceals, 421.

Rutals, 421.

Sabean farm, the, 408.

Sac, a covering surrounding the pollen grain, 146.

Saccharine fucus of the Icelanders, 245.

Saccolabiums, 309.

Sacred Fig, 343.

Safflower, 488.

Sage (Salvia officinalis), 55; form of calyx in, 479.

Sagittaria (Arrow-head), 73, 77.

Sago-tree, 298.

Sagus rhumphii, 298.

Saillant, 79.

Saintfoin, 444.

Salicaceæ, 333, 335.

Salix, 335.

—— alba, 56.

—— Babylonica, 336.

—— reticulata, 336.

Salsify, 448.

Salvadoraceæ, 475.

Salvia, 197.

Salviceæ 477.

Samara, 159.

Sambuceæ, 504.

Sambucineæ, 504.

Sambucus, 504.

—— ebulus, 504.

—— nigra, 504.

Samphire, 507.

Samydaceæ, 367.

Sandal-weeds, 513.

Sandbox-tree, 161.

Sandise cerefolium, 510.

Sanguisorbaceæ, 442, 454.

Sanicula Europea, 507.

Saniculeæ, 507.

Santalaceæ, 513.

Santalum album, 513.

Sap, 110; circulation of, 111; constituents of, 114.

Sapidnales, 386.

Sapindaceæ, 386.

Sapindus Senegalensis, 387.

Saponaria officinalis, 434.

Sapotaceæ, 458, 459.

Sap vessels, 37.

Sap wood (alburnum), 35, 36.

Sargasso Sea,

Sargassum, 234.

Sarraceniaceæ, 391.

Sarracenias, 76.

Sarsaparilla, 322, 323.

Sarza, see Sarsaparilla.

Saururaceæ, 436.

Sauvagesicaceæ, 368.

Savin, 331.

Saxifraga umbrosa, 458.

Saxifragaceæ, 457, 458.

Scalariform vessels, horizontal clefts in trunk of Fern-trees, 49.

Scandent stems, 26.

Scarlet Runner, 444.

Scepaceæ, 347.

Schizandraceæ, 361.

Schizanthus, 481.

Schleiden, 225; on Fungals, 248.

Scholymidæ, 487.

Scholymus Hispanicus, 81.

Scitaminaceæ, 76.

Scleranthaceæ, 438.

Scorpioidal Cyme, 133.

Scorzonera, 488.

Scorzonerideæ, 487.

Scratchweeds, 500.

Screw-pine (Pandanus), 14, 286.

Scrophulariaceæ, 480.

Sea Island cotton, 384.

Sea-kale, 373.

Secundine sac, 153.

Sedges, 286, 287.

Sedum acre, 371.

Seed, the, 168; natural dissemination of, 172; of the Balsams, 161; varieties in appearance

of, 168; vitality of, 175; requisite conditions for germination of, 189.

Segmentation, 227.

Selagineæ, 475.

Seleranthaceæ, 438.

Semiamplexical, 79.

Semi-floscular flowers, 197.

Semifloscules, 486.

Sempervivum, 368, 372.

Senna, 445.

Sensitive plant (Mimosa Sensitiva), 94.

Sepal, 44, 134.

Septicidal dihiscence, 160.

Sericea cornacea, 512.

Serrated leaf, 79.

Sesasum, 480; properties of, 480.

Seselineæ, 507.

Sessile, 78; flowers, those placed on or attached immediately to the stalk by a peduncle, 126.

Seta, footstalk of the Hepaticeæ, 271.

Seville Orange, 424.

Sexual, plants, 222; differences in plants, 177.

Shady Coral, 444.

She Oak, 333.

Shepherd's Purse (Capsella), 124.

Sherardia arvensis, 498.

Short Staple Cotton, 384.

Siberian Sow Thistle (Sonchus dentatus), 124.

Sida, 98, 380, 383.

Side-saddle flower, 391.

Silenals, 432.

Sileneæ, 432.

Silerideæ, 507.

Siliqua, 160, 375.

Silphium, 507.

Silybum Marianum, 488.

Simarubaceæ, 422.

Simple leaf, 79.

Simple flowering herbaceous plants, tubular arrangement of, 197.

Sium, 507.

Skirrets, 507.

Smallage, 510.

Smilaceæ, 322, 323.

Smilax, 323.

—— aspera, 323.

Smith, Sir Edward, 217.

Smuts, 259.

Snapdragon, 197.

Soap wort, 434.

Soil, variation of, 7.

Soja hispida, 444.

Solanaceæ, 464, 467.

Solanum, 145, 467.

—— dulcamara, 469.

—— esculentum, 469.

—— nigrum, 469.

—— oviferum, 470.

—— Sodomeum, 469.

—— tuberosum (Potato), 61.

Soluble bodies in fruits, 162.

Sonchus dentatus (Siberian Sow Thistle), 124.

Sophora Japonica (Sophora of Japan), 68.

Sophoreæ, 445.

Sops in wine, 432.

Soridia, 266.

Sorus, 276.

Sow's Bread, 474.

Soy, 444.

Spadix, 120, 126, 133.

Spanish Broom, 443.

—— Oak, 354.

—— Orach, 435.

Sparmannia Africana, 386.

Spartium junceum, 443.

Spathe, 133.

Species, 193; number of, inhabiting the globe, 519.

Spermacocceæ, 498.

Spermagonia, 296.

Spermoedia, 257.

Sphæroplea annulina, 227.

Sphærospores, 244.

Sphærozyga Berkeleyana, 228.

Sphagnum, 272.

Spike (Spica), 125.

Spikelet (Spicula), 125.

Spærea aruncus, 457.

—— filipendula, 457.

—— ulmaria, 457.

Spirito Santo, 305.

Spongiola, 3, 18.

Sporanges, 225.

Sporangia of Ferns, 276.

Spores, or Sporules, 27.

Spurge Laurels, 439, 440.

Spurious dissepiments, 153.

Spruce beer, 327.

Squamose, 123.

Stackhousiaceæ, 458.

Stamens, 119, 144.

Standard, another name for the Canopy, 143.

Staphyleæ, 386.

Star of Bethlehem, 123.

Starch, 191.

Starworts, 507.

Stellaria (Chickweed), the seed of, 168.

—— media, 433.

Stellatæ, 498.

Stem, 21, 22; of Orchidaceous plants, 306.

Sterculæ, 380.

Sterculiaceæ, 377.

Sternbergia, 320

Sticta pulmonaria, 267.

Stigma, 122, 147, 151, 311.

Stilaginaceæ, 339.

Stilbaceæ, 460.

Stipe, 24, 47, 252, 276.

Stipeæ, 291.

Stipula, 103.

Stipule, 44.

Stitchwort, 435.

Stock Gilliflower, 197.

Stomates, 100.

Stone fruit (Drupe), 163.

Storax, 327, 460.

Stramonium, 467.

Strasburg turpentine, 328.

Strawberry, 454, 456.

—— fruit of, 166.

Strawberry-tree, 420.

Striated vessels, 38, 48.

Structure, of an Oat flower, 288; of the flower in Orchidaceous plants, 307; of Mushrooms, 253.

Stryax benzoin, 460.

—— officinale, 460.

Strychnos nux vomica, 462.

Style, a filament prolonging the top of the ovary, 151.

Stylidiaceæ, 482.

Styracaceæ, 458, 459, 460.

Suberous layer, 41.

Subterranean stems, 28.

Sub-varieties of species, 193.

Succulent stems, 26.

Suction of leaves, 21.

Sugar cane, 290.

—— melon, 364.

Sumac, or Stagshorn-tree (Rhus cotinus), 56. 90.

Sunflower, 197; Linnæan classification of, 203.

Superior ovary, 153.

Supra-decompound leaves, 79.

Swartzieæ, 446.

Sweet crowfoot, 398.

—— pea, 444.

Sycamore, 343, 337.

Symphitum officinale, 475.

Symplocarus, 315.

Synantherous stamens, stamens joined together by their anthers, 148.

Syringa vulgaris (Lilac), 55, 464, 465.

—— persica, 465.

Taccaceæ, 286, 300.

Tamaricaceæ, 368.

Tamarind, 445.

Tamarindus Indicus, 445.

Tamarix Gallica, 368.

Tancagenaceæ, 320.

Tanghin poison, 461.

Tannin, 162.

Tansy, Linnæan classification of, 203.

Taraxacum, 488.

Tares, 444.

Taxaceæ, 324, 331.

Taxineæ, 328.

Taxus banata (Yew), 88.

Teazel, 485.

Temperature requisite for germination, 189, 520.

Terms used to describe the parts of Mosses, explanation of, 274.

Ternströmiaceæ, 388.

Terrestrial Orchids, 314.

Testa, 165.

Testudinaria, 322.

Tetradynamia, comprising plants having six stamens, of which four are larger than the others, 202.

Tetradynamous stamens, 148.

Tetragoniaceæ, 439.

Tetragonia expansa, 439.

Tetrandria, fourth Linnæan class, having four stamens on each flower, 202.

Tetraspores, 244.

Thallogens, 221, 223.

Thallus, 266, 268.

Thamus, 322.

Thapsia sylphium, 507.

Thapsidæ, 507.

Theca, 274.

Theobroma cacao, 380.

Theophrastus, 217.

Thistle, Linnæan classification of, 203.

Thlaspi, 375.

Thorn Apple, 471.

Thrictaceæ, 488.

Thuja, 329.

Thwaites, 225.

Thyme, Linnæan classification of, 202.

Thymelaceæ, 439.

Thymetieæ, 439.

Thymoides, 477.

Thymus, 438.

Tigridia Pavonia, 304.

Tilia (Lim-teree), 79.

—— Europæa, 384.

—— sylvestris, 384.

Tiliaceæ, 377, 384.

Tiliacoreæ, 362.

Tillandsias, 76.

Tobacco, 197, 467, 471; the seed of, 168.

Tolu, 445.

Tomata, 470.

Tonquin Bean, 445.

Touch-me-not, 161.

Tournefort's arrangement of plants, 196, 197; division of the vegetable world, 196.

—— Poppy, 401.

Tracheæ, 18.

Tragopogon, 488.

Trapa natans (Water Caltrop), 83.

Tree Cotton, 384.

—— Ferns, 49.

—— Heath, 419.

—— Peony, 384.

Trees, 196.

Trefoilum, 443.

Triadelphous stamens, 149.

Triandra, Linnæan third class, having three stamens on each flower, 202.

Trianon, foundation of the Botanical School of, by Louis XIV., 207.

Trichotomous Cyme, 133.

Trigonella ornithopodioides, 96.

Trilliaceæ, 322, 324.

Trindudaceæ, 386.

Tristichous, 88.

Triticum sativum, 289.

Tropæolaceæ, 377, 380.

Tropæolum magus, 381.

Tropical Forest, description of a, 541.

Truffle, 254; structure of, 255.

Trunk, structure of, 34.

Trunks of Forest trees, description of, 44.

Tsjampar, 392.

Tube Rose, 319.

Tuber, 62, 254; species used for food, 255.

—— cibarium, 254.

Tubercule, 62.

Tubero-fibrous roots, 7.

Tuberous Morell, 468.

—— roots, 7.

Tubifloral floscules, properties of, 488.

—— radiates, 488.

Tubilifloræ, 487.

Tubular corolla, 140.

Tulasne on Ergot, 258; on Smut, 260.

Tulip-tree (Liriodendron tulipifera), 53, 391.

Tulipeæ, 318.

Tumeraceæ, 368.

Tunicated bulbs, 29.

Turnip, 373.

Turpentine, 328.

Typhaceæ, 286 287.

Ulex Europeus, 443.

Ulmaceæ, 458, 459.

Ulmus (the Elm), 87, 459.

Umbel, 125.

Umbella, 125, 126.

Umbelliferæ, 505; properties of, 509.

Umbelliferous, 129, 197; plants, 83.

Unilocular, 145.

Upas-tree, 345.

Upright stems, 26.

Urceola elastica, 461.

Urceolate corolla, 140.

Uredo rubigo, 250.

—— segetum, 250.

Ureneæ, 380.

Urn of Mosses, 274.

Urtica (Nettle), 86.

—— crenulata, 340.

Urticaceæ, 339.

Urticals, 339.

Ustilago Maydis, 260.

—— segetum, 260.

Vacciniaceæ, 497.

Vaccinium myrtillus, 497.

—— uliginosum, 497.

Vahea gummifera, 461.

Valerian, 77.

Valerianaceæ, 482, 485.

Valesneria spiralis, fecundation of, 188.

Valonia, 354.

Vandeæ, 308, 309.

Vanilla, 10.

Vanillaceæ, 313.

Variation under cultivation, 193.

Varieties of species, 193.

Vascular cryptogamia, 219.

—— walls, 44.

Vaucheria, 234.

—— Clavata, 237.

Vaucheriæ, 234.

Vegetation of the Himalayas, 558.

i ” 576 Vegetation of Norway, 523. Velities, 444. Venetian’treacle, 507. Venice turpentine, 327. Venus Fly-trap (Dior ‘a muscipula), 83. Verbain (Verbena offi ‘nalis), 129. Verbascum, 481... Verbena officinalis4 “erbain), 129. Verbenacez, 475. ~ Verbratile cilia, 237. Veronica officinalis, stem of, 26. Viburnum, 504. Vicia sativa, 444. Viciew, 444. ‘ Victoria Lily, see Victoria Regia. Victoria Regia, 121, 389, 390; increase of temperature at time of fecundation in, 188. Villarsia nymphoides, 463. Vinca, 461. Vine, 408; geographical distribution of, 408; composition of the grape, 412. 261 fungus, 261. Viola odorata, 371. —— tricolor, 371; ovule of, 183. Violacez, 368, 369. Viole, 363. Violals, 367. Violet, 197, 369; Linnean classification of, 203. Viper’s Bugloss, 476. Wood Archang —— Crowfoot, 398.

INDEX.

Water Lily (Nymphea), 102, Melon, 363, 364, 365. Weeping Ash, 467. -_— Willow, 320. Welsh Hazels, 512. Wheat, 289; classification of, 197; Linnean classification of, 202. Whin, 443. White Dead Nettle, 477. Poppy, 401. Whorl or verticil, 136; bracts,.133, Whortleberry, 497. Willows, 335; classification of, 196; the seed of, 168. Willughbeia edulis, 461. Wine, the process of making, 412. Winter Cherry, 471. Hellebore, 124. Withering, 217. Woad, 376. Wormwood, Linnzan classification of, 203. el, 509, sanicle, 507. sorrel, 428. Wood of some lilies, 320. Woodbine, 505. Woodruff, 500. Woody fibre, 36, 286. ——— Nightshade, 469. grass, 488. n Spider Wort, germination of, 191, 192. Xanthroxylaces, 422. Viscacee, 513, 514. Xygophyllacee, 422. Viscum, 515, 514. Xyridacex, 286, 315. Vitacez, 408; characteristics of, 409. Xyridals, 286. Vital nodes or eyes, 21. Vitis vinifera, 408. Yam, 323. -Vittee, 506. Yew (Taxus banata), 88, 324, 331. Vivianiacez, 377, 380. Yellow Gentian, 463. Voch: » 386. Loosestrife, 474. v 472. - Yoke Elm, 350. Wahlenbergiew, 483. amias. ' Wallflower, 374. = ~ * Walnut, 359; classification of, 196. —— Mays (Maize Plant), 28. Water-beans, 390. Zinziberacez, 304. ——— Caltrap (Trapa natans), 83. Zones of temperature, 521. ——— Crowfoot, 397. Zoospores, 237. _——— Hemlock, 511. Zosteraces, 286. 4 «

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