
In the Middle Ages, books were incredibly scarce and precious, as each manuscript required thousands of hours of skilled hand-copying[4]. Because they were prime targets for theft by impoverished students and thieves, libraries chained books to shelves to safeguard these valuable collections[2]. This practice allowed the public to read materials without the risk of them being removed from the library[4].
Access was often restricted, with some libraries limiting entry to specific groups like shopkeepers or the 'better class of person'[2].
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