Buoys are colored differently to offer a means of distinction[1]. The text specify that starboard-hand buoys shall always be painted in one color only[1]. Port-hand buoys, on the other hand, shall be painted of another characteristic color, either single or particolour[1].
The source notes that green is for marking submarine telegraph cables[1]. It also adds that wreck buoys in the open sea shall be colored green, with the word 'Wreck' painted in white letters on them[1].
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