The lattice-based algorithm currently favored for post-quantum key exchange is CRYSTALS-Kyber. It is recognized as an IND-CCA2-secure key encapsulation mechanism (KEM) whose security is based on the learning-with-errors (LWE) problem over module lattices[2]. Kyber is one of the finalists in the NIST post-quantum cryptography project, with different parameter sets available for varying security levels, such as Kyber-512, Kyber-768, and Kyber-1024, which offer security comparable to AES-128, AES-192, and AES-256, respectively[4].
Furthermore, NIST has finalized standards based on Kyber, indicating its readiness for implementation in secure communications[5]. As quantum computing technology evolves, the adoption of algorithms like Kyber is essential for safeguarding cryptographic systems against future threats[6].
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