What triggers neural criticality?

Neural criticality is triggered when neural networks receive task-related structured sensory input, reorganizing the system to a near-critical state^[2]. However, criticality alone is insufficient for a neuronal network to demonstrate learning in the absence of information regarding the consequences of previous actions^[2]. In vitro studies show that structured information input is needed for the emergence of near-critical states in neuronal systems^[2].

The expression of immediate early genes (IEGs) may also boost the learning and memory capacities of brain organoids^[1]. Also, the development of stable circuits with balanced excitatory and inhibitory neurons and synapses depends on robust and dynamically responsive IEG expression^[1].