Seasonal changes in ecosystems are primarily driven by the Earth's axial tilt and its orbit around the Sun, which affects how sunlight is distributed across the planet's surface, leading to distinct seasonal periods with varying weather patterns and climatic conditions [2]. This axial tilt causes different regions to receive varying amounts of solar energy throughout the year, influencing the timing of biological events such as flowering and leaf fall [5]. 

Additionally, climate change has altered traditional seasonal patterns, leading to earlier springs and delayed autumns, which in turn impact vegetation growth and the timing of ecological events [5]. Changes in temperature and precipitation further exacerbate these effects, causing stress to plants and wildlife [3][5].

What causes seasonal changes in ecosystems?

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