Ocean currents are influenced by several factors, including wind, gravity, and water density differences. Surface currents are primarily driven by global wind systems that interact with the water, propelled by the Sun's energy. The Coriolis effect, a result of Earth's rotation, also plays a crucial role in determining the direction of these currents, causing them to bend right in the Northern Hemisphere and left in the Southern Hemisphere[2][4][5][6].
Deep ocean currents are mainly caused by variations in water density, which are influenced by temperature (thermo) and salinity (haline). This density-driven circulation, known as thermohaline circulation, initiates global water movement, forming what is described as the 'global conveyor belt'[1][3][4].
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