How do contactless infrared thermometers measure your temperature without

title: 'Clinical evaluation of non-contact infrared thermometers - Scientific Reports'

Contactless infrared thermometers do not measure temperature directly; instead, they detect thermal radiation emitted by an object^[4]^[6]. Atoms in all matter are in constant motion, which causes them to emit electromagnetic waves of thermal energy^[4]. The device uses a lens to focus this radiation onto a sensor, which converts the energy into an electrical signal^[4]^[6]. Because different materials emit radiation at different rates, the thermometer relies on an emissivity assumption—typically set to 0.95—to calculate the final temperature reading^[2]^[4].

Readings can be inaccurate due to user errors, such as incorrect distance or aiming at the wrong spot^[1]. External factors like sweat, wind, or exposure to sun can also cool or heat the skin surface, leading to unreliable results^[1]. Additionally, ambient temperature and reflections from other heat sources can interfere with the sensor's ability to provide a precise measurement^[6].

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