Optical glucose monitoring in smartwatches faces significant limitations, primarily related to signal noise, skin tone variability, and calibration drift. The small glucose signal is often lost among interfering biological components, making it challenging to accurately assess levels, especially due to environmental factors such as water content in the body and temperature fluctuations, which affect signal measurements[2][5]. Additionally, darker skin tones may lead to varying optical readings, prompting concerns about the accuracy of these devices across diverse populations[2].
Near-future breakthroughs in this technology may include advanced algorithms and machine learning for improved calibration and data processing[5]. However, regulatory challenges remain, as any device attempting to provide accurate glucose monitoring will need to pass rigorous testing and receive FDA approval, which can be a lengthy process[2][5].
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