Non-Communicable Diseases: Risk Factors and other Health Problems 177 Table 13.3: Prevalence of Anaemia Level Among Respondents Aged 15 Years and Above in Malaysia by Socio-Demographic Characteristics (n=10,590) Sociodemographic Characteristics Mild Anaemia Moderate and Severe Anaemia Count Estimated Population Prevalence (%) 95% CI Count Estimated Population Prevalence (%) 95% CI Lower Upper Lower Upper MALAYSIA 1,569 2,944,744 13.5 12.33 14.84 942 1,699,405 7.8 7.06 8.63 State Johor 111 280,044 12.3 10.23 14.72 72 192,412 8.5 4.66 9.38 Kedah 42 94,332 6.8 4.03 11.24 73 152,952 11.0 7.27 12.89 Kelantan 123 219,765 18.4 15.25 21.95 60 105,710 8.8 6.32 11.13 Melaka 110 89,695 14.8 10.25 20.87 84 55,239 9.1 5.38 10.89 Negeri Sembilan 77 78,622 10.8 8.05 14.29 49 67,180 9.2 4.90 14.03 Pahang 76 99,476 9.1 6.47 12.58 40 58,023 5.3 3.38 7.77 Pulau Pinang 110 256,600 20.1 16.87 23.82 57 82,037 6.4 3.51 10.98 Perak 113 278,828 17.3 12.33 23.67 72 151,281 9.4 6.26 12.56 Perlis 105 30,907 18.6 13.83 24.52 34 9,978 6.0 2.34 7.52 Selangor 134 514,321 11.1 7.87 15.36 99 319,991 6.9 4.54 8.08 Terengganu 97 104,747 13.2 11.19 15.51 45 54,802 6.9 4.29 9.74 Sabah 143 439,044 15.8 11.56 21.17 77 202,218 7.3 4.32 7.94 Sarawak 127 302,840 15.4 12.40 18.85 72 168,713 8.6 5.55 9.26 WP Kuala Lumpur 69 140,194 12.9 9.31 17.60 31 68,174 6.3 3.40 8.43 WP Labuan 67 7,429 11.2 8.57 14.56 44 6,902 10.4 7.00 13.91 WP Putrajaya 65 7,902 13.6 10.10 17.99 33 3,792 6.5 3.20 8.81 Location Urban 928 2,208,111 13.2 11.73 14.77 556 1,293,774 7.7 6.82 8.72 Rural 641 736,633 14.8 12.95 16.74 386 405,630 8.1 6.98 9.43 Sex Male 584 1,166,735 10.5 8.93 12.37 148 229,426 2.1 1.64 2.61 Female 985 1,778,009 16.7 15.04 18.40 794 1,469,979 13.8 12.45 15.20 Age Group 15-19 105 338,960 13.7 10.38 17.89 66 168,361 6.8 4.72 9.73 20-24 86 287,715 10.6 6.89 16.00 71 190,487 7.0 5.30 9.26 25-29 103 333,303 11.6 8.87 15.00 60 162,934 5.7 4.05 7.86 30-34 118 263,477 10.4 8.23 13.08 70 160,138 6.3 4.47 8.88 35-39 116 260,956 11.9 9.20 15.14 89 167,284 7.6 5.75 9.97 40-44 113 221,994 12.8 10.14 16.06 85 167,326 9.7 7.06 13.08 45-49 136 188,817 11.9 9.52 14.86 97 172,691 10.9 8.61 13.74 50-54 139 223,937 15.7 12.83 19.04 72 101,450 7.1 5.16 9.72 55-59 144 176,684 13.9 11.36 16.99 73 93,564 7.4 5.49 9.85 60-64 136 184,198 17.4 14.03 21.40 71 88,453 8.4 6.16 11.25 65-69 130 171,902 22.8 16.74 30.14 55 66,968 8.9 6.15 12.62 70-74 108 118,244 22.6 17.71 28.25 50 61,927 11.8 7.97 17.15 75 & above 135 174,556 28.4 23.20 34.31 83 97,820 15.9 12.13 20.64 Ethnicity Malaya 1,017 1,522,941 13.4 12.23 14.61 616 961,315 8.4 7.54 9.44 Chinese 180 627,016 14.7 10.89 19.45 102 277,847 6.5 4.72 8.88 Indian 117 162,501 12.9 9.84 16.76 87 173,347 13.8 10.22 18.30 Bumiputera Sabah 118 221,320 15.3 11.50 20.09 69 131,781 9.1 6.55 12.55
National Health and Morbidity Survey 2019 Technical Report − Volume I 178 Table 13.3: Prevalence of Anaemia Level Among Adults Aged 15 Years and Above in Malaysia by Socio-Demographic Characteristics (n=10,590) (cont’d) Sociodemographic Characteristics Mild Anaemia Moderate and Severe Anaemia Count Estimated Population Prevalence (%) 95% CI Count Estimated Population Prevalence (%) 95% CI Lower Upper Lower Upper Bumiputera Sarawak 69 145,260 14.0 10.78 18.09 36 65,784 6.4 4.24 9.44 Others 68 265,707 11.3 7.12 17.42 32 89,331 3.8 2.24 6.36 Marital Status Single 275 803,920 11.0 9.03 13.38 183 449,029 6.2 5.04 7.50 Married 1,062 1,829,938 14.1 12.75 15.51 607 1,048,783 8.1 7.21 9.02 Widow(er)/Divorcee 232 310,887 21.3 17.94 25.06 152 201,593 13.8 11.04 17.13 Education Level No Formal Education 113 192,209 18.2 13.39 24.34 84 107,352 10.2 7.32 14.00 Primary Education 431 636,065 14.9 12.76 17.26 235 331,433 7.8 6.41 9.34 Secondary Education 715 1,447,640 13.1 11.51 14.86 451 887,993 8.0 7.05 9.14 Tertiary Education 305 657,796 12.5 10.69 14.66 168 363,677 6.9 5.62 8.52 Occupation Government Employee 120 192,133 12.8 9.96 16.21 83 127,205 8.5 6.02 11.73 Private Employee 314 823,228 10.7 8.79 12.95 183 438,427 5.7 4.65 6.97 Self Employed 283 488,801 13.6 11.25 16.29 106 190,543 5.3 4.13 6.76 Unpaid Worker/Homemaker 329 573,912 16.2 13.50 19.34 240 426,687 12.1 10.21 14.17 Retiree 97 156,866 21.1 15.80 27.71 38 54,580 7.4 4.75 11.23 Student 90 231,811 11.0 8.67 13.96 69 176,311 8.4 6.08 11.49 Not Workingb 334 476,548 18.6 15.85 21.73 223 285,652 11.2 9.34 13.28 Household Income Group Less than RM 1,000 198 339,004 19.1 15.49 23.29 117 185,911 10.5 8.14 13.36 RM 1,000 - RM 1,999 316 501,062 11.6 9.80 13.73 190 323,576 7.5 6.12 9.17 RM 2,000 - RM 3,999 453 858,245 12.9 10.92 15.22 290 518,678 7.8 6.55 9.28 RM 4,000 - RM 5,999 213 458,173 13.4 10.72 16.63 136 266,676 7.8 5.93 10.20 RM 6,000 - RM 7,999 123 292,117 15.1 9.83 22.56 69 141,254 7.3 4.96 10.65 RM 8,000 - RM 9,999 60 148,754 16.5 10.61 24.79 30 59,283 6.6* 3.53 11.94 RM 10,000 and above 73 149,476 9.8 6.98 13.49 49 104,332 6.8 4.53 10.12 Household Income Quintile Quintile 1 354 567,662 14.2 12.07 16.66 227 386,030 9.7 8.06 11.56 Quintile 2 331 580,785 13.8 11.38 16.72 171 286,992 6.8 5.43 8.58 Quintile 3 258 508,653 12.2 10.05 14.76 185 328,558 7.9 6.34 9.76 Quintile 4 237 499,385 13.2 10.66 16.15 150 293,261 7.7 5.97 9.95 Quintile 5 256 590,347 13.5 10.45 17.33 148 304,868 7.0 5.40 8.99 Household Income Category Bottom 40% 1,012 1,775,016 13.3 11.94 14.70 632 1,089,800 8.1 7.21 9.18 Middle 40% 328 753,327 14.1 11.37 17.46 183 367,011 6.9 5.36 8.81 Top 20% 96 218,488 12.1 9.06 16.04 66 142,898 7.9 5.68 10.95 *Prevalence with high RSE, interpret with caution a - Malay includes Orang Asli b - Not working includes Unemployed, and Old Age
Non-Communicable Diseases: Risk Factors and other Health Problems 179 Table 13.4: Prevalence of Anaemia Among Women of Reproductive Age Group (15-49 years) in Malaysia by Socio-Demographic Characteristics (n=3,648) Sociodemographic Characteristics Count Estimated Population Prevalence (%) 95% CI Lower Upper MALAYSIA 1,042 2,318,725 29.9 27.53 32.39 State Johor 71 220,010 28.8 24.10 33.97 Kedah 46 118,826 25.0 17.21 34.87 Kelantan 55 127,943 29.8 23.97 36.39 Melaka 79 71,072 32.9 23.95 43.19 Negeri Sembilan 52 88,720 37.8 26.41 50.79 Pahang 45 66,645 18.1 13.00 24.56 Pulau Pinang 64 156,705 38.1 27.82 49.49 Perak 59 160,907 33.0 25.49 41.43 Perlis 32 15,979 28.1 17.68 41.47 Selangor 125 480,488 27.5 21.80 34.00 Terengganu 58 72,273 24.5 19.49 30.30 Sabah 111 403,776 36.6 28.64 45.42 Sarawak 82 212,748 30.8 24.28 38.09 WP Kuala Lumpur 40 104,944 25.2 16.89 35.76 WP Labuan 61 9,821 36.5 29.51 44.15 WP Putrajaya 62 7,867 27.8 19.35 38.13 Location Urban 671 1,788,805 29.6 26.88 32.47 Rural 371 529,919 31.0 26.35 35.99 Age Group (Years) 15-19 135 382,489 31.7 25.23 38.89 20-24 128 355,245 27.4 21.82 33.81 25-29 129 367,457 27.0 21.93 32.76 30-34 148 332,289 28.2 22.84 34.20 35-39 158 315,951 28.8 23.65 34.46 40-44 156 271,044 32.9 27.12 39.27 45-49 188 294,249 37.4 31.89 43.18 Ethnicity Malaya 659 1,251,069 29.6 26.92 32.42 Chinese 84 334,242 26.3 20.56 32.96 Indian 89 183,320 39.8 31.41 48.86 Bumiputera Sabah 101 221,766 37.8 29.84 46.48 Bumiputera Sarawak 47 87,002 24.1 17.19 32.80 Others 62 241,325 28.4 17.88 42.80 Marital Status Single 315 833,868 28.4 24.62 32.58 Married 676 1,398,363 30.8 27.77 33.92 Widow(er)/Divorcee 51 86,493 31.4 22.08 42.45 Sociodemographic Characteristics Count Estimated Population Prevalence (%) 95% CI Lower Upper Education Level No Formal Education 18 58,247 31.5* 15.86 52.82 Primary Education 123 233,556 26.8 21.42 32.94 Secondary Education 580 1,310,740 31.4 28.20 34.88 Tertiary Education 315 700,311 28.1 24.34 32.24 Occupation Government Employee 122 201,016 33.1 26.38 40.68 Private Employee 282 739,190 29.4 25.30 33.91 Self Employed 131 261,554 33.7 27.67 40.40 Unpaid Worker/ Homemaker 325 697,316 30.7 26.08 35.65 Retiree Student 129 312,618 28.1 22.70 34.19 Not Workingb 53 107,029 22.7 15.44 32.18 Household Income Group Less than RM 1,000 81 161,784 30.4 23.50 38.20 RM 1,000 - RM 1,999 195 406,842 28.0 23.30 33.21 RM 2,000 - RM 3,999 328 741,304 31.5 27.09 36.20 RM 4,000 - RM 5,999 179 410,910 31.6 24.51 39.69 RM 6,000 - RM 7,999 97 226,681 31.5 23.99 40.17 RM 8,000 - RM 9,999 44 107,148 28.7 18.51 41.58 RM 10,000 and above 69 153,720 29.0 21.47 38.00 Household Income Quintile Quintile 1 180 381,556 29.1 24.26 34.40 Quintile 2 209 439,001 32.6 27.13 38.66 Quintile 3 199 450,737 29.2 24.54 34.44 Quintile 4 195 449,547 31.2 24.50 38.68 Quintile 5 210 487,549 30.1 25.01 35.65 Household Income Category Bottom 40% 667 1,403,048 30.4 27.33 33.70 Middle 40% 249 605,855 29.8 24.48 35.71 Top 20% 77 199,487 32.2 24.85 40.64 *Prevalence with high RSE, interpret with caution a - Malay includes Orang Asli b - Not working includes Unemployed, and Old Age