132 Concepts and Definitions
The UNWTO defines the TSA as an output that consists of 10 tables as follows:
Total Internal Tourism expenditure which is a summation of o Domestic expenditure, o Domestic proportion of outbound expenditure, o Inbound expenditure, plus
Value added Demand and Supply and Number of Jobs which is a product of Total Internal Tourism expenditure (consumer prices) less Tourism production (producer prices), plus
Summation of Capital Investment from Tourism and Other value added; which is equal to
Tourism Contribution to the Economy
System of Tourism Statistics (STS) STS is the system that provides reliable, consistent and appropriate statistical information on the socio -economic structure and the developments of tourism, integrated within all the economic and social statistics related to other fields, at different territorial levels.
Components of STS
Basic Statistics
Tourism Consumption
Tourism Supply
Production Factors
Classification relating to tourism statistics Tourism Specific Products SIC of tourism activities
Tourism Satellite Account
TSA Concepts
TSA Aggregates
Classifications for TSA
TSA tables of results and extensions
Tourism Balance of payments
133 Concepts and Definitions Tourism Consumption consists number of key concepts as follows:
Tourism Consumption
Tourism
Domestic tourism
Inbound tourism
Internal tourism
Outbound tourism
Visitor
Tourist
Inbound tourist
Domestic tourist
Same day visitor
Traveler
Usual environment
Country of residence
Duration of the visit
Purpose of visit
Tourism accommodation
Describe these concepts to describe items in the first column.
To be outside the “usual environment”
The person should travel more than 40 kilometres from their place of residence (one way) AND
The place should NOT be visited more than once a week. This includes:
- Place of work
- Place of study
Leisure and recreational trips are included irrespective of the frequency. Note: A minimum distance of 40km’s was chosen as opposed to 60km or more to accommodate for the coastal areas where trips are taken closer to the place of residence.
The definition of usual environment is therefore based on the following criteria: Minimum distance travelled to consider a person a visitor; Minimum duration of absence from usual place of residence; Minimum change between localities or administrative territories.
11.8.1 Tourism Refers to the activities of persons travelling to and staying away from places of their usual residence for not more than one year for leisure, business and other purposes not related to the exercise of an activity remunerated from within the place visited.
a) Domestic Tourism
Refers to activities of residents of a given country or other area travelling to and staying in places inside that country or other area but outside their usual environment for not more than one year for leisure, business and other purpose.
■ Inbound tourism
Refers to activities of non-resident visitors in a given area that is outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purpose.
134 Concepts and Definitions
■ Outbound Tourism
Refers to residents travelling to another country
b) International Tourism
Refers to inbound and outbound tourism
c) Tourism Industry Refers to all recipients of direct spending incurred by tourists. This includes pre - trip expenditure, during travel, and bookings, and all spending at the destination.
11.8.2 Visitor Refers to a person who travels to a country other than that in which s(he) has his/her usual residence and that is outside his/her usual residence for a period not exceeding one year, and whose main purpose of visit is other than the exercise of an activity remunerated from within the country visited.
11.8.3 Tourist Refers to a person who travels to a country other than that in which he/she has his/her usual residence for at least one night and at most one year.
11.8.4 International Visitor Refers to any person who travels to a country other than his/her usual residence, but outside his/her usual environment for a period not exceeding twelve months and whose main purpose of visit is other than the exercise of an activity remunerated from within the country visited. This definition covers two classes of visitors; i.e. ‘International tourist’ and ‘International same-day visitor’.
11.8.5 International Tourist Refers to an international visitor who travels to a country and st ays for at least one night in collective or private accommodation and whose main purpose of visit may be classified under the following groups:
a) Leisure, Recreation and Holidays Refers to sight -seeing, shopping, attending sporting and cultural activit ies, non - professional active sports, trekking and mountaineering, use of beaches, cruises, gambling, rest and recreation for armed forces, summer camp, and honeymooning.
b) Visiting Friends and Relatives Refers to visits to relatives or friends, home le ave, attending funerals, care of invalids.
135 Concepts and Definitions c) Business and Professional
Refers to attending meetings, conferences or congresses, trade fair and exhibition; giving lectures or concerts; government mission, diplomatic, military or international organization personnel; paid study, education and research; incentive travel; installing equipment, inspection, purchases, sales for foreign enterprises and other business.
d) Health Treatment
Refers to spas, fitness, thalassotherapy, health resorts and other treatments and cures.
e) Religion/Pilgrimages
Refers to those attending religious events.
f) Other Purposes
Refers to aircraft and ship crews on public carriers, transit and other or unknown activities.
11.8.6 International Same-day Visitor Refers to an international visitor who visits another country for less than 24 hours and does not spend the night in collective or private accommodation in the place visited. This definition includes: -
a) Cruise Passengers
Refers to persons who arrive in a country on a cruise ship and return to the ship each night to leep on board even though the ship remains in port for several days. Also included in this group are by extension, owners or passengers of yachts and passengers on a group tour accommodated in a train or truck.
b) Crew Members
Refers to persons who do not spend night in the country of destination; this group also includes crews of warship on a courtesy visit to a port in the country of destination, and who spend the night on board ship and not at the destination.
11.8.7 Domestic Visitor Refers to any person residing in a country, who travels to a place within the country and outside his/her usual environment for a period not exceeding twelve months and whose main purpose of visit is other than the exercise of an activity remunerated from within the place visited. This definition covers two classes of visitors; i.e. ‘Domestic tourist’ and ‘Domestic same-day visitor’.
136 Concepts and Definitions
11.8.8 Domestic Tourist Refers to an internal visitor whose visit is for at least one night and whose main purpose of visit may be classified under the following six groups:
a) Leisure, Recreation and Holidays Refers to sight -seeing, shopping, attending sporting and cultural activities, non - professional active sports, trekking and mounta ineering, use of beaches, cruises, gambling, rest and recreation for armed forces, summer camp, and honeymooning.
b) Visiting friends and relatives Refers to persons visiting relatives or friends, also persons on home leave, attending funerals, care of invalids.
c) Business and Professional Refers to persons attending meetings, conferences or congresses, trade fair and exhibition; giving lectures or concerts; government mission, diplomatic, military or international organization personnel; paid study, education and research; incentive travel; installing equipment, inspection, purchases, sales for foreign enterprises and other business.
d) Health treatment Refers to spas, fitness, thalassotherapy, health resorts and other treatments and cures.
e) Religion/pilgrimages Refers to persons attending religious events.
f) Other purposes Refers to aircraft and ship crews on public carriers, transit and other or unknown activities.
11.8.9 Domestic Same-day Visitor Refers to a ‘Domestic Same -day Visitor’ describes a domestic visitor whose visit lasts less than 24 hours and does not involve overnight.
11.8.10 Walking Tourists Refers to tourists who are normally knowledgeable of the potential attractions and prices. They make their own arrangements by esta blishing contact with local tour operators or service providers.
137 Concepts and Definitions
11.8.11 Package Tours Refers to visitors arriving in mass with their travel arrangements made abroad. The volume of their expenditure is relatively bigger.
11.8.12 Nights Refer to the num ber of nights spent by a person in accommodation establishments. If a person travels to a country/place and spends five nights there, that makes five tourist nights.
11.8.13 Tourism Accommodation Refers to any facility that regularly or occasio nally provides overnight accommodation for visitors. The tourism accommodation is divided into two main groups:-
a) Collective Accommodation Establishments
These are establishments providing overnight lodging for the visitors in a room or
some other unit, but the number of places it provides must be greater than a specified
minimum for groups of person exceeding a single family unit and all the places in the
establishment must come under a common commercial -type management, even if it
is non -profit-making. The standard classification of collective accommodation
establishment includes:-
▪ Hotel and similar establishments
▪ Specialized establishments such as health establishment’s work and holiday
▪ Camps, public means of transport and conference centres
▪ Other collective establishments such as holiday dwellings, tourists’
campsites and others.
b) Private accommodation and establishments These are establishments providing a limited number of places for rent or without charge. Each accommodation unit (room or dwelling) is then independent and is occupied by visitors, usually by week, fortnight or month or by its owners as a second
138 Concepts and Definitions
or holiday home. The standard classification of private accommodation establishment
includes:-
▪ Owned dwellings
▪ Rented rooms in family homes
▪ Dwellings rented from private individuals or professional Agencies
▪ Accommodation provided without charge by relatives or friends
▪ Other private establishments.
11.8.14 Town Hotel
A commercial establishment, located within or near an urban centre, where the majority of
clients are business and/or transit travelers.
11.8.15 Vacation Hotel
A commercial establishment, located within or near a holiday attraction area, normally in sub
urban areas and in which the majority of clients are holiday makers or leisure travelers.
11.8.16 Lodge
A commercial establishment, located within or near natural habitat rich in fauna and flora,
normally in or near conservation areas, in which the majority of cl ients are leisure or
adventure seekers.
11.8.17 Tented Camp
A commercial establishment of permanent, semi -permanent and/or mobile tented facilities
usually located close to or within popular areas such as beaches, rivers, lakes, protected
areas, national parks, game reserves or forests.
11.8.18 Villas and Cottages
Refer to commercial establishments, located in sub -urban or country side areas and
characterized by being autonomous, semi -detached or in a cluster to let units for holiday
accommodation. T hey may or may not provide full hotel services and facilities. The
establishments include residential premises used for holiday making by owners, friends or
relatives.
11.8.19 Serviced Apartments Commercial establishment’s offering facilities and services like a hotel for Guests staying a few days or weeks. They currently represent the trendiest place where to stay for corporate, leisure travelers, people relocating to new cities and those seeking transit accommodations. By nature, they have catering facil ities in form of kitchenette which offers Guests the flexibility of preparing own meals.
139 Concepts and Definitions
11.8.20 Motel A commercial establishment, located along a highway or motor way, catering mainly to motorists and other highway and road users.
11.8.21 Camping /Caravan Site Refers to an area set aside for camping and providing appropriate safety, security, running water and other hygiene facilities and services.
11.8.22 Guest House Refers to a commercial establishment providing lodging, with or without meals, and oth er modest and limited Guest services.
11.8.23 Home Stay A form of tourism and/or study abroad programme that allows the visitor to rent a room from a local family. The house is usually part of the normal residence of the owner but with the business of accommodating paying Guests. This arrangement involves staying in a furnished, private bedroom and a shared living room.
11.8.24 Hostel
A supervised lodging place for travelers and/or students,, especially young people, providing
budget-oriented accommodati on, usually with shared rooms, in double, triple or dormitory
arrangements.
11.8.25 Eco-lodge
A type of tourism commercial establishment, providing lodging, meals and other Guest
facilities and services. It is deliberately designed, constructed and opera ted in such a way as
to have least negative impact on the natural environment in which it is situated.
11.8.26 Farm Stay A type of tourism commercial establishment, providing shared family unit or separate self contained lodging, meals and other Guest fac ilities and always situated on a farm, with involvement in farm activities, tours and rural life experiences as part of the package.
11.8.27 Nationality of a Visitor Refers to the government issuing the visitor his/her passport or other identification document, even if he/she normally resides in another country.
11.8.28 Arrivals Refer to the number of arrivals of visitors and not to the number of persons. The same person who makes several trips to a given country during a given period will be counted each time as a new arrival.
140 Concepts and Definitions 11.8.29 Departures Abroad Refer to the ‘Number of departures i.e. the visits that each person makes from his country of usual residence to any other country for any purpose other than exercising a remunerated activity in the country visited.
11.8.30 Duration of Stay Refers to the time spent in the place or country.
11.8.31 Average Length of Stay Refers to the average number of nights spent by a tourist in the country visited.
11.8.32 Mode of Transport Refers to type of transport used by international visitors or tourists arriving in the country.
11.8.33 Number of Rooms Refers to the total number of rooms in all establishments offering accommodation available during the peak period of the tourist season.
11.8.34 Number of Bed-placed Refers to the total number of bed-placed in all establishments offering accommodation available during the peak period of the tourist season.
11.8.35 Occupancy Rates The occupancy rate corresponds to the relationship between available capacity and the extent to which it is used. This rate may refer either to the use of rooms or beds. Occupancy rates are based on the number of nights of both domestic and international tourist.
11.8.36 Room Occupancy Rate It is the proportion utilized, in percentage, of the number of room nights available during specified period, that is: -
100 (%) Available nights Room Utilized nights Room Rate Occupancy Room
11.8.37 Bed Occupancy Rate It is the proportion utilized, in percentage, of the number of bed-nights available during specified period, that is: -
100 (%) Available nights Bed Utilize nights Bed Rate Occupancy Bed