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Why does tempered glass shatter into tiny cubes instead of sharp shards?

 title: 'Why is the core of tempered glass in tension?'

Tempered glass shatters into tiny, blunt cubes because of the internal stress created during its manufacturing process[2][5]. By rapidly cooling the outer surfaces of hot glass, the surface contracts faster than the center, locking the exterior into a state of high compression while the interior remains in tension[1][6]. This balanced stress causes the glass to explode into granular chunks rather than sharp shards when the surface is breached[5][6].

Unlike ordinary annealed glass, which breaks into dangerous, jagged pieces, tempered glass is a safety material used in shower doors and car side windows[2][5][6]. Laminated glass differs by sandwiching a plastic film between sheets to hold fragments together upon impact, which is why it is used for windshields[2][6].