Safety in industrial augmented reality (AR) and manufacturing environments is guided by a combination of established ISO, IEC, and national standards adapted for head-mounted displays and cyber-physical systems. **Eye Safety and Ergonomics** * **ISO 9241 Series:** Applied to visual display ergonomics, usability, and head-mounted display use to manage visual fatigue and comfort . * **ISO 45001:** Serves as the occupational health and safety management standard for controlling worker exposure during head-mounted display operations . **Machinery and Robot Safety** * **ANSI/RIA R15.06 (and EN ISO 10218-2):** Governs industrial robot safety requirements, which extend to mixed-reality safety zones and speed-and-separation monitoring on the factory floor . * **EN ISO 14120 and EN ISO 13857:** Detail general requirements for fixed and movable machine guards, safety distances, and preventing hazard zones from being reached by upper and lower limbs . * **ISO 7010:** Provides international standards for safety pictograms and signs, which are integrated into digital AR workflows for safety communication and training . **Data Security and Privacy** * **Cryptographic Baselines and Access Control:** Deployment frameworks specify cryptographic baselines, secure authentication, and network-layer anomaly detection . * **Biometric and Sensor Consent:** Standards and design considerations require treating sensitive biometric streams, eye-tracking, hand-tracking, and ambient audio or video as separately consented sensors with user-visible privacy panels . **Compliance Steps** To achieve compliant deployment on factory floors, organizations follow structured steps: 1. **Risk Assessment and Scoping:** Map out operational goals, evaluate cell-scale tracking errors, and perform hazard detections under dual-task conditions to prevent attentional tunnelling . 2. **Data Minimization:** Implement on-device inference where possible and require distinct user consent for eye, hand, and audio tracking streams . 3. **Ergonomic and Sickness Monitoring:** Establish exposure schedules, monitor workers for cybersickness using tools like the Simulator Sickness Questionnaire (SSQ), and align hardware usage with ISO ergonomics standards . 4. **Content Governance:** Establish standard operating procedures, incident reporting, overlay certification, and versioning for digital AR instructions rather than relying on ad-hoc authoring .

What is the name of the ISO standard governing AI risk management published in 2023?

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