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What is 'store-now, decrypt-later' and who is at risk?. Clarify the tactic of harvesting encrypted data today for future quantum decryption. Identify sectors most exposed.

Store-now, decrypt-later (also called harvest-now, decrypt-later) is when adversaries copy or intercept encrypted data today and archive it until future advances, especially cryptanalytically relevant quantum computers, can break vulnerable public-key encryption and reveal the plaintext[1][2][3]. This makes it a current cybersecurity risk: attackers do not need to decrypt immediately, and some stolen data retains value for many years[2][4].

  • Government: holds long-lived sensitive records that may remain valuable for decades[2][2][5].
  • Defense: high-impact information with long-term sensitivity is a prime target[2].
  • Financial services: valuable financial data that adversaries can stockpile now for future decryption[2][2].
  • Healthcare: protected health information has long confidentiality lifetimes[2][2].
  • Organizations with valuable intellectual property across sectors: proprietary designs and R&D data are especially exposed[2][2][5].
  • Any organization with long data-retention requirements and high-value confidential information faces elevated risk[2].

Mitigation in brief: begin planning and migrating to post-quantum cryptography and build crypto-agility so systems can be updated as standards evolve[3][4][6][2].

References