
QR codes store data as binary information within a grid of black and white modules[3]. To ensure reliable scanning, they use Reed-Solomon error correction, which adds redundant data to the code[3]. This allows the scanner to reconstruct missing pieces if the code is damaged, smudged, or obscured by up to 30%[2][6]. Finder patterns at the corners help the device locate and orient the code, while alignment markers ensure accuracy even if the surface is skewed[2][6]. Designers often place logos in the center, treating them as intentional damage that the error correction algorithm easily ignores[2].
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