Turkey with three phytogeographic regions, namely Euro-Siberian, Mediterranean and Irano-Turanian, and connecting two continents, has a highly rich biodiversity. The 5 micro-gene centres in our country are the origins or diversity centres of the species. While there are 12,500 species of gymnosperms and angiosperms in the European continent, it is known that there are over 11,000 species only in Anatolia, one-third them unique to Turkey. The List of Plants of Turkey reveals that 3,035 of 9,753 natural species existing in the country are endemic. As a result of reforestation efforts, forestry areas increased from 21.2 million hectares in 2007, to 22.6 million hectares in 2018. While this increases carbon sequestration in the atmosphere, it also strengthens resilience of ecosystems and climate adaptation. Furthermore, Turkey was one of the first countries which set Land Degradation Neutrality Targets. Regarding access to information important steps were taken in recent years. All communication channels between the state and the citizens were opened to promptly and effectively monitor and inspect their requests, complaints, notices, views, and proposals and right to request information. E-government practices for providing public services electronically have been expanded, increasing their use in many areas such as healthcare, social security, security and public finances. While approximately 600 services could be offered in 2012 on the e-government portal, number of services offered as of April 2019 reached 4,641. Thus, the financial and administrative burdens emanating from public services on citizens and enterprises were minimized and accountability increased. Vulnerable segments are empowered by policies and practices in fields such as education, employment, healthcare and social protection to ensure that all segments of the society equitably benefit from opportunities and growing prosperity and that no one is left behind in the development process. Having faced a large influx of irregular migrants upon the onset of the civil war in Syria in 2011, Turkey implemented an “open door” policy in a humanitarian reflex. Admitting the largest refugee population in the world, Turkey hosts around 4 million individuals seeking protection including 3.6 million Syrians. Introducing many policies and practices to support the integration of refugees into the society, Turkey’s expenditures on assistance and services for refugees out of its own resources have exceeded 37 billion USD to date. Turkey actively promotes the principle of “leaving no one behind” both at home and abroad. In this context, as an emerging donor country, Turkey shares its experience with many countries through bilateral, multilateral, regional and global partnerships. With increasing ODA/GDP ratio from 2010, Turkey achieved 0.95% in 2017 and 1.10% in 2018, becoming a country that reached 0.7% target. In line with its policy of promoting regional and global stability, Turkey extends a helping hand to and supports the development efforts of developing countries, particularly LDCs. It advocates increased voice of developing countries in international decision-making mechanisms. The establishment of the Technology Bank for LDCs as a UN entity in Turkey in June 2018 marked the fulfilment of the first global target in the context of Agenda 2030, namely SDG 17.8. Bearing in mind that SDG alignment is a continuous process and that further progress is needed, Turkey is fully committed to scale up its efforts to achieve the SDGs by 2030. This process requires concerted action by all institutions and members of the society ranging from central government and local administration to the private sector, from NGOs to academia, from elderly to the youth. Turkey will continue its development efforts with this understanding. 132 TURKEY’s 2nd VNR 2019 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS “Strong Ground towards Common Goals”
- ANNEXES: ANNEX-I: SDG FOCUS AREAS: SDG 1 7 TARGETS SDG 2 8 TARGETS SDG 3 13 TARGETS SDG 4 10 TARGETS SDG 5 9 TARGETS SDG 6 8 TARGETS SDG 7 5 TARGETS SDG 8 12 TARGETS SDG 9 8 TARGETS SDG 10 10 TARGETS SDG 11 10 TARGETS SDG 12 11 TARGETS SDG 13 5 TARGETS SDG 14 10 TARGETS SDG15 12 TARGETS SDG 16 12 TARGETS SDG 17 19 TARGETS SDG 1 Impacted 3 <4 2 <2 6 <8 5 <5 4 <3 6 <3 7 <12 7 <8 7 <5 5 <7 7 <8 7 <5 6 <10 4 <12 6 <6 5 <12 Impacting Impacted Impacting 7 >2 5 >6 5 > 8 7 >9 none 2 >3 4 >8 2 >4 5 >4 1 >3 3 >2 7 >5 none none none 7 >4 SDG 2 2 <7 none 4 <4 none 5 <7 3 <1 4 <8 4 <3 2 <3 none 5 <3 7 <5 3 <6 5 <8 1 <3 8 <16 4 >3 5 >5 none 4 >7 none 2 >2 7 >8 4 >4 2 >2 none 6 >2 7 >5 1 >2 6 >8 none 4 >4 SDG 3 6 <5 5 <4 6 <5 5 <6 5 <4 2 <1 5 <4 5 <5 3 <2 7 <4 2 <7 5 <5 5 <5 2 <5 3 <3 13 <1 2 >2 none 2 >4 5 >5 none none 1 >1 none 1 >3 1 >1 none 4 >1 none none 1 <1 none SDG 4 8 <5 none 4 <2 none none none 9 <6 none 2 <2 2 <4 1 <1 1 <1 none none 4 <5 1 <3 8 >6 4 >5 6 >5 9 >9 2 >2 2 >1 9 >3 10 > 5 6 >5 none 1 >3 6 >3 2 >2 1 >3 2 >2 1 >1 SDG 5 9 <7 7 <4 5 <5 9 <9 2 <3 2 <1 9 <9 4 <6 9 <7 5 <2 none 1 >1 1 <1 1 <1 8 <8 9 <9 5 >5 none 6 >5 none none none 8 >7 4 >6 6 >4 1 >1 1 >3 5 >2 none none none none SDG 6 none none none 2 <2 none 2 <3 3 <2 4 <3 none 2 <2 4 <1 6 <2 none none 3 <3 8 <2 3 >4 7 >5 4 >5 none 3 >2 5 >4 5 >3 1 >2 2 >1 4 >3 4 >2 8 >2 4 >1 2 >2 none none SDG 7 3 <2 2 <2 none 1 <2 none 4 <5 5 <5 5 <8 2 <3 4 <6 4 <9 5 <5 none 2 <2 4 <4 1 <11 3 >6 1 >3 1 >2 none 1 >2 3 >2 5 >4 3 >4 1 >1 2 >3 none 5 >3 3 >2 2 >3 none none SDG 8 8 <4 8 <7 1 <1 6 <9 7 <8 3 <5 4 <5 10 <7 5 <6 5 <8 6 <8 3 <4 3 <5 2 <12 3 <5 12 <19 12 >7 8 >4 4 >5 3 > 9 9 >9 2 >3 5 >5 5 >5 6 >3 2 >5 5 >8 8 >3 none none none 3 > 15 SDG 9 4 <2 4 <4 none 5 <10 6 <4 2 <1 4 <3 5 <5 1 <2 4 <7 4 <8 3 <4 2 <2 3 <5 3 <5 8 <17 8 >7 3 >4 5 >5 none 6 >4 3 >4 8 >5 7 >10 7 >5 2 >8 6 >6 6 >2 4 >4 3 >5 none none SDG 10 4 <5 2 <2 3 <1 5 <6 4 <6 1 <2 1 <1 3 <6 5 <7 1 <2 3 <2 1 <2 2 <2 2 <1 2 <3 3 <11 5 >7 3 >2 2 >3 2 > 2 7 >9 none 3 >2 6 >5 2 >1 1 >1 3 >2 6 >2 none none none none SDG 11 3 <1 none 1 <1 none 1 <1 3 <4 3 <2 5 <2 8 <2 1 <1 2 <2 9 <5 2 <3 3 <5 4 <7 10 <1 7 >5 none 4 >7 4 > 2 2 >5 2 >2 6 >4 8 >5 7 >4 2 >1 1 >2 8 >3 2 >3 3 >5 none none SDG 12 2 <3 2 <6 none 3 <1 3 <1 2 <4 none 8 <5 6 <6 2 <3 2 <1 10 <3 1 <2 1 <1 3 <4 4 <5 8 >7 3 >5 7 >2 1 > 1 none 1 >4 9 >4 8 >6 8>4 2 >3 2 >2 3 >2 6 >3 5 >5 none none SDG 13 5 <7 5 <7 1 <4 3 <6 2 <5 2 <8 3 <5 3 <8 2 <6 2 <6 3 <8 2 <3 2 <3 3 <7 2 <3 4 <5 5 <7 5 >7 5 >5 1 > 1 1 >1 2 >6 5 >5 4 >3 4 >3 2 >1 5 >9 3 >10 2 >5 4 >9 none none SDG 14 none 2 <1 none 2 <2 none 1 <4 2 <3 none 4 <4 none 3 <2 3 <6 5 <2 2 <8 7 <3 7 <6 10 >6 6 >3 5 >5 none 1 >1 none none 5 >3 2 >2 2 >2 3 >2 2 >1 3 >2 2 >7 none none SDG 15 none 8 <6 none 3 <1 none 2 <2 3 <2 none 5 <3 none 5 <3 5 <5 9 <4 7 <2 7 <3 12 <6 12 >4 8 >5 5 >2 none 1 >1 none 2 >2 12 >2 5 >3 1 >2 5 >3 1 >1 7 >3 8 >2 none none SDG 16 none none 1 <1 2 <2 none none none none none none none none none none none 9 <5 6 >6 3 >1 3 >3 5 >4 8 >8 3 >3 4 >4 5 >3 5 >3 3 >2 7 >4 4 >3 3 >2 3 >7 3 >7 none SDG 17 4 <7 4 <4 none 1 <1 none none none 15 <3 none none none none none none none none 12 >5 16 >8 1 >13 3 > 1 9 >9 2 >8 11 >1 19 >12 17 > 8 11 >3 1 >10 4 >5 4 >5 7 >6 6 >12 5 >9 Impacted Impacting Impacted Impacting Impacted Impacting Impacted Impacting Impacted Impacting Impacted Impacting Impacted Impacting Impacted Impacting Impacted Impacting Impacted Impacting Impacted Impacting Impacted Impacting Impacted Impacting Impacted Impacting Impacted Impacting 133 TURKEY’s 2nd VNR 2019 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS “Strong Ground towards Common Goals”
ANNEX-II: SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS, 2010-2017 Goals and indicators Unit 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 GOAL 1 - END POVERTY IN ALL ITS FORMS EVERYWHERE 1.2.1 Proportion of population living below the poverty line by sex and age group (%) 50% of median equivalized household disposable income Total 16.9 16.1 16.3 15.0 15.0 14.7 14.3 13.5 Male 16.5 15.8 16.0 14.6 14.8 14.6 14.0 13.2 Female 17.2 16.5 16.6 15.4 15.2 14.8 14.6 13.8 Age group < 15 24.8 23.8 24.3 22.9 23.2 22.5 21.9 21.3 15-24 18.5 18.3 19.0 17.8 17.0 17.3 17.9 15.8 25-34 13.6 12.9 11.4 10.6 11.1 10.2 10.4 9.4 35-54 13.0 12.1 12.9 11.5 11.4 11.8 11.1 10.7 55 + 10.5 10.2 10.8 9.4 9.7 9.5 8.9 8.2 60% of median equivalized household disposable income Total 23.8 22.9 22.7 22.4 21.8 21.9 21.2 20.1 Male 23.3 22.4 22.4 22.0 21.4 21.7 20.8 19.6 Female 24.3 23.4 23.1 22.8 22.2 22.0 21.6 20.7 Age group < 15 33.9 32.6 32.9 32.8 32.0 31.9 31.2 30.2 15-24 26.0 25.2 25.8 26.1 24.9 25.9 25.8 23.4 25-34 20.1 18.7 17.5 17.6 17.0 16.2 16.5 15.3 35-54 18.7 18.5 18.4 17.8 17.3 18.0 17.1 16.7 55+ 15.4 14.9 15.0 14.4 14.8 14.9 13.4 12.6 1.4.1(p) Proportion of households with easy access to basic services (health center. compulsory education or public transport) (%)
- 2
- 4
- 5
- 8 Goals and indicators Unit 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 GOAL 2 - END HUNGER, ACHIEVE FOOD SECURITY AND IMPROVED NUTRITION AND PROMOTE SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE 2.2.1 Prevalence of stunting among children under 5 years of age by -2 standart deviation (%) Total
9.5
Mal e
10.9
Female
8.0
Age (months) <6 months
10.3
6-8 months
4.9
9-11 months
5.6
134 TURKEY’s 2nd VNR 2019 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS “Strong Ground towards Common Goals”