Through the institutionalisation of strategic management in
public administrations, the relationship between planning
and budgeting was strengthened, accountability and fiscal
transparency were increased. The Ombudsman Institution
was established in 2013 to strengthen accountability, while
the audit capacity of the Court of Accounts was expanded by
covering all public resources.
MUNICIPAL GOVERNANCE SCORECARD
SDG Targets
16.5,16.6,16.7,16.8,16.10,16.b – 5.1 – 5.4 – 5.5 – 11.3 – 11.7 –
11.b – 17.13 – 17.14 – 17.15 – 17.16 – 17.17
Executing
Entity
Argüden Governance Academy Foundation, Sabancı
University, Federation of All Istanbul Neighbourhood
Masters Associations
Start & End
Dates
2017-2018
A Municipal Governance Scorecard model was developed
consisting of 7 principles and 227 indicators to develop municipal
good governance, culture and practices through mapping,
measuring and learning, thereby contributing locally to sustainable
development and quality of life.
Under the project, studies were conducted on good governance
in 37 district municipalities of Istanbul. Municipal Governance
Scorecards for each district municipality were prepared and
good practices were also identified. In addition, 106 mukhtars, the
elected head of a village or of a neighbourhood, provided training
on good governance. Survey questionnaires were administered to
150 mukhtars on their relations with the respective municipality.
Sustainability approaches were assessed in the study, and the
results made public.
In addition, 5 workshops were held in Istanbul, Adana, Trabzon and
Izmir for municipalities, NGOs and other stakeholders.
To increase international governance effective, Turkey takes
important responsibilities and makes intensive efforts at
bilateral and multilateral levels for establishing peace,
prosperity and stability and equitable development in its
region and in the world. Our country gives considerable
support to developing countries to have more voice in
the global economic governance in addition to its active
contributions to international development cooperation.
NEXT STEPS:
The following policies will be implemented in the upcoming
years to achieve SDG 16:
• Completing legislative framework on victim rights,
• Establishing central and provincial units on judicial support
and victim services,
• Renewing the legislation on lawyers according to current
needs,
• Expanding judicial interview rooms used in taking testimony
and statement of victims in vulnerable segments in company
with specialist across the country,
• Adopting family mediation practices except for disputes of
domestic violence,
• Expanding legal clinic practices,
• Expanding the Audio and Video Information System (SEGBIS)
project aiming to take testimony and defence statement
and video recording and to use video conferencing method
during the hearings,
• Continuing training, awareness-raising and citizen support
activities for the development of protective and preventive
security services, and strengthen risk management,
• Guiding the youth towards sports, culture, arts, volunteer
activities to prevent them from violence and harmful habits.
124
TURKEY’s 2nd VNR 2019
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS
“Strong Ground towards Common Goals”
5.17. SDG 17. STRENGTHEN THE MEANS OF IMPLEMENTATION AND REVITALIZE THE GLOBAL PARTNERSHIP FOR SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT
Global estimates indicate an annual
funding deficit of 2.5 trillion USD for
investments to assist developing
countries in achieving SDGs, revealing
the dependency on development
cooperation and resources.
Turkey takes significant steps through national and
international cooperation, capacity building, innovation,
alternative funding methods and particularly ODA to overcome
the challenges in achieving the 2030 Goals.
Turkey pursues a foreign policy defined as “Entreprising and
Humanitarian” based on a philosophy of employing all political,
economic and human instruments effectively, comprehensively
and holistically when addressing global and regional issues.
With 242 foreign missions, 5th largest network of
representation across the globe, Turkey exercises effective
diplomacy on all continents. With leading role of mediation on
many international platforms including UN, OSCE and OIC, our
country approaches responsibly to the resolution of conflicts
and crises.
As an emerging donor and a dynamic actor in this domain,
Turkey shares its experience with many countries in the
framework of bilateral, multilateral, regional and global
cooperation. In this context, in line with its policy of
promoting regional and global peace and stability Turkey
provides assistance to particularly vulnerable countries, in
order to eliminate poverty and to contribute to sustainable
development.
CAPACITY BUILDING
The Turkish Cooperation and Coordination Agency (TIKA) has
been carrying out international development cooperation
activities since 1992. With 61 Programme Coordination Offices
in 59 countries worldwide, TIKA responds to local needs
expeditiously and effectively in direct cooperation with local
development partners. TIKA’s activities are not limited to these
59 countries, but reach out more than 170 countries.
In the framework of cooperation with many partner countries,
activities are undertaken in diverse domains such as physical
and social improvement of social services and economic
infrastructure, restoration of architectural work, cultural
heritage, and humanitarian aid. In the context of sustainable
development, facilities are built in production sectors to
employ qualified people, and job-creation projects are
implemented. In addition, vocational training schools, faculties
and laboratories are built to contribute to educating qualified
people that partnering countries need.
In various regions particularly in African countries, the
healthcare sector capacities are enhanced through medical
screening, and building clinics, hospitals and healthcare
stations. To improve institutional capacities in partner
countries trainings are provided to public servants and
experts through experience sharing. Transport infrastructure
is strengthened to ensure that underdeveloped geographies,
particularly African countries, can better integrate into the
global economy.
Many projects and activities are undertaken in various themes
and sectors in the context of international development
cooperation. In 2017 only, the following activities were
accomplished: 1,731 teachers and experts were trained;
8,227 students were provided direct education support; 33
educational facilities were constructed and 89 educational
facilities were repaired; 200,881 patients were provided
healthcare services; 959 physicians and healthcare personnel
were trained; 61 healthcare facilities were constructed,
repaired and equipped; 48 experts were trained in water and
sanitation; 155 water wells were built; 471 public servants
from more than 60 countries were trained to improve
effectiveness of administrative activities; a total of 326
consulting staff were assigned in various domains; 100 social,
economic and cultural facilities were constructed, repaired or
equipped; 839 elderly, handicapped, women or children were
supported; 32,190 persons were provided with development
food assistance; 136 experts trained and 15 facilities were
constructed or repaired in the agriculture, forestry and
fisheries sector; and tens of thousands of people benefitted
from 17 projects of humanitarian aid.
TIKA has undertaken hundreds of projects targeting
disadvantaged populations in the countries of operation, with
various examples highlighted below.
125 TURKEY’s 2nd VNR 2019 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS “Strong Ground towards Common Goals”
CASES OF INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION FOR THE VULNERABLE SDG Targets 17.1; 17.2; 17.3; 17.6; 17.8; 17.9; 17.16; 17.17; 17.18 Executing Entity Turkish Cooperation and Coordination Agency (TIKA) Start & End Dates 2015 - Devam ediyor • Afghanistan: Girls Vocational School has been renovated in Kabul. • Bangladesh: A chemotherapy centre established at the Medical School and Research Hospital of 66-bed capacity has been built and equipped by Turkey. • Benin: Practical training was provided to 13 midwives and nurses in various hospitals and maternity clinics. • Benin: Training and equipment assistance has been provided to women of Benin to develop pottery. • Bosnia and Herzegovina: Assistance has been provided for greenhouse building, irrigation systems, saplings and training in the context of greenhouse support to war victims’ families. • Burkina Faso: A solar power system has been installed at Shifa Orphanage in Titao. • Cameroon: Training programme has been organised to combat contagious diseases and raise awareness for the youth. • Colombia: A two-storey primary school was built in Orejon, with dormitories symbolising peace. • Congo: Health training on “Sexual Violence against Women” to gynaecologists, midwives and nurses. • Djibouti: Women’s Vocational Training Centre was built in Balbala. • Ethiopia: Technical equipment assistance has been provided to the Ethiopian Ministry of Mother and Child. • Georgia: The Centre for Disabilities was renovated. • Ghana: Hearing devices, hearing training system and audiometer have been supplied to the Centre for Hearing Handicapped. • Ivory Coast: A preschool and a playground were built for Yopougon Visually Handicapped Centre. • Ivory Coast: The infirmary and computer classroom were renovated and refurbished for Girls Orphanage; and a brand-new computer classroom was added. • Kyrgyzstan: Bishkek Kyhgyz-Turkish Friendship Hospital was built with a closed space of 12,000 m2 and capacity of 51 beds. • Libya: Turkish Training Centre for Children with Disabilities has been established. • Mauritania: Women’s Carpet Weaving Cooperative was renovated and repaired. • Mexico: Turkish-Mexican Friendship Health Centre has been established as the sole service centre for 15,000 including a town of 8,000 and surrounding settlements. • Mongolia: Under the Cooperation in Statistics Project, experience has been shared with Mongolian experts on labour markets and gender statistics. • Nepal: Equipment and materials sufficient for six months have been provided for use in the manufacturing of tikka/bindi and traditional Nepalese shoes to promote women’s participation in economic life. • Niger: A school of 42 classrooms with capacity for 1,260 students, and a dormitory with capacity for 648 students, and a sports complex for student leisure time were built. • Niger: Mother and child health hospital was built. • Pakistan: Materials have been supplied to women to enable them to work with modern agricultural methods. • Palestine: Beehives and equipment were granted to 14 families selected as pilot producers in the context of beehive and technical material supply to poor Palestinian families. • Senegal: The Centre for Hearing Handicapped in Dakar, was completely renovated; a vocational education block with three classrooms and a playground were added; FM training system has been established; a student service vehicle was granted; school items in classrooms were renewed; vocational education equipment was supplied. • 100 housing units were built for people who had to flee their homeland due to Tamil terror. In addition, 60 water wells were drilled to support agricultural activities of the people in the north affected by the civil war. • Tanzania: Orphanages were renovated and refurbished in Chakuwama and Mwana. 126 TURKEY’s 2nd VNR 2019 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS “Strong Ground towards Common Goals”
FINANCE
Through all these activities, the amount of ODA provided by Turkish public agencies increased approximately 9 times from its
level of 967 million USD in 2010 and reach 8.6 billion USD in 2017.
Table 13. Turkish Bilateral Official Development Assistance by Region (million USD)
The ODA/GNI ratio of Turkey which stood at 0.32% in 2010 increased to 0.76% in 2016 and 1.10% in 2018, making Turkey one of
the countries which surpassed SDG target of 0.7% of ODA/GNI. This clearly shows that Turkey implemented SDG principle of
“leaving no one behind” above the set target.
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
227
190
223
134
98
Europe Total
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
-297
-306
183
383
783
Africa Total
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
10
7
19
4
4
Americas Total
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
1
1
0
1
1
Oceania Total
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
7,325
5,943
2,988
2,500
1,767
Middle East Total
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
127
191
257
353
484
South and Central Asia Total
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
20
13
6
25
18
Far East Total
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
55
0
169
101
2
Asia Regional Total
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
7,950
6,238
3,846
3,502
3,157
TOTAL
127
TURKEY’s 2nd VNR 2019
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS
“Strong Ground towards Common Goals”
As an observer member in the OECD Development Assistance Committee (DAC), Turkey ranks 6th among DAC members in terms of the ODA amount; and 4th in terms of ODA/GNI ratio in 2017. Among the non-DAC-member donors which report their ODA amounts to DAC, Turkey ranks 1st in terms of ODA/GNI ratio in 2017. In addition to ODA, the development assistance offered by NGOs through their grants and direct investments provided by private sector to the developing countries were 707.6 and 402.1 million USD, respectively. Assistance apart from those provided by public agencies reached 7.3 billion USD in 2014-2018. Thus, the total Turkish assistance in the period exceeded 38.7 billion USD. Turkey has been extending a helping hand to those affected by humanitarian crises for years and engaging in peace- building activities focusing on humanitarian aid, security and development. In addition to bilateral assistance, our country provides assistance through UN agencies, in close collaboration with UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (UNOCHA) and United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA), with significant funding contribution. Turkey conducts humanitarian diplomacy inclusive of all in need without discriminating on the basis of geography, religion or ethnicity. Most recent cases of such engagement have been in Syria, Yemen, Palestine, Somalia, entire Africa, Myanmar, and Bangladesh on account of Rohingyans. Standing as the most generous country based on the ratio of humanitarian aid to national income, Turkey will continue to contribute to global peace, stability and prosperity. In addition to development cooperation of preventive nature in countries affected by humanitarian crises arising from natural disasters, famine and drought, wars, political conflict and civil war, Turkey delivers emergency humanitarian aid during and after crises through AFAD, Turkish Red Crescent and TIKA. In this context, in 2017-2019, assistance was provided to Colombia, Vietnam, Laos, Mozambique and Iran for disasters of floods and landslide, and to Georgia for forest fires. Due to the political developments in the region since 2010, the Turkish humanitarian aid significantly increased to 7.35 billion USD in 2018, constituting 86% of all ODA. Thereby, Turkey has become the top country providing humanitarian aid since 2015 with a ratio of 0.94% of humanitarian aid to GNI in 2018. At the Fourth United Nations Conference on LDCs (LDC-IV) held in Istanbul in 2011, Turkey committed to provide 200 million USD assistance to LDCs. In this context, the Economic and Technical Cooperation Package for LDCs was introduced in 2012. The total assistance to LDCs in 2010-2017 exceeded 2 billion USD, far exceeding Turkey’s commitments. Figure 6. Share of Turkish Official Emergency and Humanitarian Aid in ODA (%) The ODA received by Turkey stood at 2.1 billion USD in 2015, and 3.6 billion USD in 2016. Of such assistance, 1.3 billion USD was concessional loan of ODA nature, and 2.3 billion USD was grants of ODA nature for the support provided to Syrians in Turkey. The foreign direct investment (FDI) in Turkey was 1.7% of GNI on average in 2008-2015. The Law on International Investment that entered into force in 2016 governed facilitation and additional support for FDIs. The share of humanitarian aid in ODA (%) 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 25 50 75 100 128 TURKEY’s 2nd VNR 2019 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS “Strong Ground towards Common Goals”