- gada sâkumâ Latvijâ pavisam bija 358,5 tûkst. bçrnu, no kuriem 1,1 tûkstotis jeb 0,3 % dzîvoja institucionâlajâs mâjsaimniecîbâs. No visâm mâjsaimniecîbâm ar bçrniem 54 % mâjsaimniecîbu ir viens bçrns, 32,9 % – divi bçrni, 13,1 % – trîs un vairâk bçrni. Vislielâkais mâjsaimniecîbu ar bçrniem îpatsvars ir Pierîgâ (32 %), kam seko Zemgale (27,5 %), Vidzeme (26,3 %), Kurzeme (26,1 %), Rîga (24,7 %). Tikai katrâ piektajâ (22,5 %) Latgales mâjsaimniecîbâ ir vismaz viens bçrns. Visos Latvijas reìionos vislielâko mâjsaimniecîbu îpatsvaru veido mâjsaimniecîbas ar vienu bçrnu. Visvairâk mâjsaimniecîbu ar vienu bçrnu ir Rîgâ (59,1 % no visâm mâjsaimniecîbâm ar bçrniem) un Latgalç (57,3 %), savukârt Pierîgâ mazâk par pusi – 48,9 % no visâm mâjsaimniecîbâm ar bçrniem. Pierîgâ ir lielâkais (36 %) mâjsaimniecîbu ar diviem bçrniem îpatsvars, bet mazâk tâdu mâjsaimniecîbu ir Latgalç un Rîgâ – attiecîgi 30,7 % un 31,4 %. 4.4. Mâjsaimniecîbas ar bçrniem pçc tajâs dzîvojoðo bçrnu (0–17 gadi) skaita statistiskajos reìionos 2021. gada sâkumâ (%) Households having children by number of resident children (aged 0–17) and statistical region, at the beginning of 2021 (%) 0 % Pavisam Total Rîga Riga Latgale Kurzeme Zemgale Vidzeme 25 % 54,0 57,3 30,7 8,5 3,4 52,0 33,0 10,8 4,2 50,8 33,1 11,4 4,7 50,3 33,3 11,7 4,7 32,9 9,7 3,4 2,1 7,5 31,4 59,1 50 % 75 % 100 % 1 bçrns / 1 child 3 bçrni / 3 children 2 bçrni / 2 children 4 un vairâk bçrni / 4 and more children 91
Ìimenes kodols
Ìimenes kodols (turpmâk – ìimene) ir viens no sareþìîtâkajiem tautas skaitîðanas râdîtâjiem. Tautas skaitîðanâ ìimeni skata ðaurâkâ
nozîmç – to veido laulâts vai nereìistrçtâ kopdzîvç dzîvojoðs pâris ar vai bez bçrniem, kâ arî viens vecâks ar vienu vai vairâkâm atvasçm.
Tiek òemta vçrâ tikai tieðâ (pirmâs pakâpes) radniecîba starp pçcnâcçjiem un vecâkiem, tâpçc tikai vecvecâks ar mazbçrniem netiek skaitîts
kâ ìimene. Netiek òemts vçrâ pçcnâcçja vecums – arî pieauguði vîrieði un sievietes, kas dzîvo kopâ ar saviem vecâkiem, ir dçla un meitas
statusâ. Atbilstoði tautas skaitîðanas metodoloìijai vienâ mâjsaimniecîbâ var dzîvot vairâkas ìimenes – piemçram, vecmâmiòa ar vectçvu un
kâds no viòu bçrniem ar savu bçrnu (ðai gadîjumâ veidojas divas ìimenes, precçts pâris bez bçrniem un viens vecâks ar bçrnu). Viena
persona neveido ìimeni, un netiek skatîtas personas, kas dzîvo institûcijâs.
2021. gada sâkumâ Latvijâ bija 503,1 tûkst. ìimeòu, kas salîdzinâjumâ ar 2011. gada tautas skaitîðanas rezultâtiem ir samazinâjies par
79 tûkst. jeb 13 %. Iedzîvotâju skaits ðajâ periodâ samazinâjies par 167 tûkst. jeb 8 %.
Personu skaits ìimenes kodolâ
Number of persons in family nucleus
Ìimenes kodolu skaits
Number of family
nucleus
503 147
273 328
133 295
70 407
20 161
4 191
1 132
375
158
100
Pavisam
Total
2 personas / 2 persons
2 personas
54,3 %
2 persons
3 personas
26,5 %
3 persons
4 personas
14,0 %
4 persons
5 personas
4,0 %
5 persons
6 personas
0,83 %
6 persons
7 personas
0,22 %
7 persons
8 personas
0,07 %
8 persons
9 personas
0,03 %
9 persons
10+ personas
0,02 %
10 and more
persons
3 personas / 3 persons
4 personas / 4 persons
5 personas / 5 persons
6 personas / 6 persons
7 personas / 7 persons
8 personas / 8 persons
9 personas / 9 persons
10+ personas / 10 and more persons
503 147
2021
92
Latvijâ izplatîtâkais ìimenes tips ir viens vecâks ar vienu vai vairâkiem nepilngadîgiem bçrniem (24 %), kam seko pâri bez bçrniem (22,4 %),
savukârt 18,1 % bija precçti pâri ar nepilngadîgiem bçrniem. Salîdzinot ar 2011. gadu, bûtiski pieaudzis viena vecâka ìimeòu îpatsvars, îpaði
vientuïo mâðu. Vientuïo ìimeòu pieaugums saistîts ar vairâkiem faktoriem – Latvijâ ir augstâkie ðíirðanâs râdîtâji ES (2020. gadâ 3,1 ðíirta
laulîba uz 1 000 iedzîvotâju gadâ, kur gandrîz pusç gadîjumu bija nepilngadîgi bçrni), augsta ârpus laulîbas dzimstîba (ap 40 % bçrnu ik
gadu dzimst ârpus laulîbas) un ðîs ìimenes statistikâ iespçjams uztvert tikai daïçji, kâ arî augsta emigrâcija (vairâk nekâ ceturtâ daïa no
aizbraukuðajiem ir vîrieði vecumâ 25–44 gadi, no kuriem treðdaïa bija precçjuðies). Ìimenes, kur viens no vecâkiem pastâvîgi nedzîvo Latvijâ
(nav ieskaitîts pastâvîgo iedzîvotâju skaitâ), tiek skaitîtas kâ vientuïâ vecâka ìimenes.
4.5. Ìimeòu tipi Latvijâ 2011. un 2021. gada sâkumâ (%)
Types of family nucleus in Latvia at the beginning of 2011 and 2020 (%)
Pâri bez bçrniem
Couples without resident children
Viens vecâks ar nepilngadîgiem bçrniem
Lone parent families with children under 18
Viens vecâks ar pilngadîgiem bçrniem
Lone parent families with children over 18
Precçta pâra ìimenes ar nepilngadîgiem bçrniem
Married couples with children under 18
Precçta pâra ìimenes ar pilngadîgiem bçrniem
Married couples with children over 18
Pâri nereìistrçtâ kopdzîvç ar nepilngadîgiem bçrniem
Consensual union couple families with children under 18
Pâri nereìistrçtâ kopdzîvç ar pilngadîgiem bçrniem
Consensual union couple families with children over 18
1,7
3,5
6,1
10,4
14,2
16,3
18,1
21,7
18,0
24,0
15,4
22,4
26,5
1,7
2011
2021
93
Lielâkais ìimeòu ar nepilngadîgiem bçrniem îpatsvars ir Pierîgas reìionâ (48,1 %), bet mazâkais Latgales reìionâ – 37,7 %. Kopçjâ ìimeòu skaitâ precçtu pâru ar bçrniem, kuri nav sasnieguði 18 gadu vecumu, lielâkais îpatsvars ir Pierîgâ (20,7 %), bet mazâkais Vidzemç – 13,3 %. Pierîga ir vienîgais reìions, kur izplatîtâkais ìimenes tips ir precçtu pâru ìimenes ar vismaz vienu nepilngadîgu bçrnu. Nereìistrçtâ kopdzîvç dzîvojoðu pâru ar bçrniem îpatsvars svârstâs no 4,6 % Vidzemç lîdz 2,4 % Rîgâ un Latgalç. Vientuïo tçvu ar bçrniem îpatsvars kopçjâ ìimeòu skaitâ visos reìionos ir lîdzîgs – 3–4 %. Vientuïo mâðu ar bçrniem lielâkais îpatsvars ir Rîgâ (22,7 %), bet mazâkais Latgalç – 17,8 %. Rîgâ, Vidzemç un Zemgalç vientuïâs mâtes ar bçrniem, kuri nav sasnieguði 18 gadu vecumu, ir izplatîtâkais ìimenes tips. Ìimenes ar nepilngadîgiem bçrniem bieþâk izvçlas dzîvot Rîgas tuvumâ. Starp desmit novadiem ar lielâko ìimeòu ar nepilngadîgiem bçrniem îpatsvaru kopçjâ ìimeòu skaitâ, tikai viens atrodas Zemgalç (Ozolnieku novads), bet pârçjie Pierîgâ – Mârupes novadâ 66,6 % ìimeòu ir ar nepilngadîgiem bçrniem, Âdaþu novadâ – 60,2 % un Babîtes novadâ – 58,5 %. Zemâkie ðâdu ìimeòu râdîtâji ir tâlâk no Rîgas, îpaði izteikti Latgalç – seði no desmit novadiem ar zemâko ìimeòu ar nepilngadîgiem bçrniem îpatsvaru ir Latgalç, bet pieci novadi atrodas Latvijas pierobeþâ. Analizçjot tikai ìimenes ar nepilngadîgiem bçrniem, septiòi no desmit novadiem ar augstâko ìimeòu îpatsvaru, kur nepilngadîgi bçrni aug kopâ tikai ar vienu vecâku, atrodas Latvijas pierobeþâ. Augstâkais îpatsvars ir Zilupes (65,5 %), Valkas (60,7 %) un Viesîtes novadâ (60 %), kam seko Rîga (59,2 %), bet vismazâkais ðâdu ìimeòu îpatsvars ir Ikðíiles (39,1 %), Rucavas (42,7 %), kâ arî Garkalnes un Carnikavas novadâ (42,8 %). Astoòi no desmit novadiem ar vismazâko nepilnu ìimeòu ar nepilngadîgiem bçrniem îpatsvaru kopçjâ ìimeòu ar nepilngadîgiem bçrniem skaitâ ir Pierîgâ. 94
4.6. Ìimenes kodolu veidi republikas pilsçtâs un novados 2021. gada sâkumâ Types of family nucleus at the beginning of 2021 in cities and municipalities 95
Izglîtîbas lîmenis Educational attainment
Augstâkais sekmîgi iegûtais izglîtîbas lîmenis tiek noteikts katram Latvijas pastâvîgajam
iedzîvotâjam vecumâ 15 un vairâk gadi, izmantojot uzkrâjoðu datubâzi, kurâ apvienoti dati no
reìistriem un CSP organizçtajâm iedzîvotâju aptaujâm, papildus veicot izglîtîbas lîmeòa imputâciju
personâm, kurâm tas nav zinâms.
Sâkot ar pirmo tautas skaitîðanu 1920. gadâ, arvien palielinâs iedzîvotâju îpatsvars, kuri ieguvuði
izglîtîbu. Pçdçjâs seðas tautas skaitîðanas apliecina, ka iedzîvotâju îpatsvars ar augstâko izglîtîbu ir
palielinâjies, vienlaikus samazinâs iedzîvotâju îpatsvars ar pamata izglîtîbu. Iedzîvotâju îpatsvars ar
izglîtîbu, kas zemâka par pamata, 2021. gadâ ir vien 3 %, salîdzinâjumam – 1970. gadâ bija 17 %.
5.1. Iedzîvotâji (15 un vairâk gadu vecumâ) pçc augstâkâ
iegûtâ izglîtîbas lîmeòa tautas skaitîðanas gados (%)
Population aged 15 and over by educational attainment, years when Census was conducted (%)
0 %
1
1970
17
53
25
5
8
12
14
23
30
36
49
51
54
53
49
36
27
19
15
8
3
8
4
3
1979
1989
2
2000
2011
2021
25 %
50 %
75 %
100 %
Sâkumskola vai zemâks izglîtîbas lîmenis (ISCED 0–1)
No schooling or education is lower than basic education (ISCED 0–1)
Pamatskolas izglîtîba (ISCED 2) / Basic education (ISCED 2)
Vidçjâ izglîtîba un profesionâlâ izglîtîba (ISCED 3–4)
Secondary and vocational education after secondary education (ISCED 3–4)
Augstâkâ izglîtîba vai doktora grâds (ISCED 5–8) / Higher education, including doctoral degree (ISCED 5–8)
1
klâtesoðie iedzîvotâji no 16 gadu vecuma un tikai tie, kuri sniedza atbildes
2
no tiem, kuri sniedza atbildes
Izglîtîbas
lîmenis
Educational
attainment
98
5.2.
2021. gadâ (tûkst., %)
Iedzîvotâji (15 un vairâk gadu vecumâ) pçc augstâkâ iegûtâ izglîtîbas lîmeòa
Population aged 15 and over by educational attainment, 2021 (thousand, %)
Sâkot ar 2021. gadu, dati ir klasificçti pçc starptautiskâs standartizçtâs izglîtîbas klasifikâcijas ISCED 2011, kas paredz, ka gan vispârçjâ vidçjâ
izglîtîba, gan profesionâlâ vidçjâ izglîtîba tiek klasificçta kâ vidçjâ izglîtîba, atseviðíi tiek izdalîts izglîtîbas lîmenis – profesionâlâ izglîtîba pçc
vidçjâs izglîtîbas, kas nav augstâkâ izglîtîba.
Nav skolas izglîtîbas vai zemâka par sâkumskolas izglîtîbu (ISCED 0. lîmenis)
No schooling or lower than primary education (ISCED 0)
Doktora grâds (ISCED 8. lîmenis)
Doctoral degree (ISCED 8)
Maìistra grâds; otrâ lîmeòa profesionâlâ augstâkâ izglîtîba ar studiju ilgumu 5 gadi (ISCED
7. lîmenis) / Master’s degree (including professional); second level professional higher
education lasting 5 years (ISCED 7)
Bakalaura grâds; otrâ lîmeòa profesionâlâ augstâkâ izglîtîba ar studiju ilgumu 3–4 gadi
(ISCED 6. lîmenis) / Bachelor’s degree (including professional); second level professional
higher education lasting 3–4 years (ISCED 6)
Pirmâ lîmeòa profesionâlâ augstâkâ izglîtîba (koledþa) (ISCED 5. lîmenis)
First level professional higher education (ISCED 5)
Arodizglîtîba pçc vispârçjâs vai profesionâlâs vidçjâs izglîtîbas; profesionâlâ vidçjâ izglîtîba
(ne augstâkâ izglîtîba) (ISCED 4. lîmenis) / Vocational education after general or vocational
secondary education; vocational secondary educational after general secondary education
(not higher education) (ISCED 4)
Vidçjâ izglîtîba (ISCED 3. lîmenis)
Secondary education (ISCED 3)
Pamatskolas izglîtîba (ISCED 2. lîmenis)
Second stage of basic education (ISCED 2)
Sâkumskolas izglîtîba (ISCED 1. lîmenis)
First stage of basic education (ISCED 1)
6
8
302
130
31
210
639
238
39
0,4
% 0,5 % 18,9
% 8,1
% 1,9
% 13,1
% 39,9
% 14,8
% 2,4
% 99
- gada sâkumâ 39,3 % no visiem iedzîvotâjiem 25–34 gadu vecumâ bija augstâkâ izglîtîba. Vecuma grupa ar vislielâko augstâko izglîtîbu ieguvuðo îpatsvaru ir iedzîvotâji vecumâ no 35 lîdz 44 gadu vecumam – 41,4 % ieguvuði augstâko izglîtîbu. ISCED 7. lîmenis jeb maìistra grâds atbilst personâm, kuras ieguvuðas maìistra diplomu vai profesionâlâ maìistra diplomu (studiju ilgums 1–2 gadi) vai arî ieguvuðas profesionâlâs augstâkâs izglîtîbas diplomu par otrâ lîmeòa profesionâlâs augstâkâs izglîtîbas iegûðanu ar studiju ilgumu 5 gadi (ârsti, farmaceiti, zobârsti u.c. garâs programmas, pçc kurâm var stâties doktorantûrâ). Ja 2011. gada tautas skaitîðanâ augstâkais iegûtais izglîtîbas lîmenis norâdîts “augstâkâ izglîtîba” un citi dati nesniedz informâciju par konkrçtu izglîtîbas grâdu, uzskata, ka persona ieguvusi ISCED 7. lîmeòa izglîtîbu, ja dzimusi pirms 1977. gada. 5.3. Iedzîvotâji ar pamata vai zemâku izglîtîbas lîmeni pçc dzimuma un vecuma 2021. gadâ (%) Population having basic or lower education by sex and age, 2021 (%) Vîrieði / Males Sievietes / Females 20–24 gadi years 25–29 gadi years 30–34 gadi years 35–39 gadi years 40–44 gadi years 45–49 gadi years 50–54 gadi years 55–59 gadi years 60–64 gadi years 65–69 gadi years 70–74 gadi years 75–79 gadi years 80–84 gadi years 85 gadi un vairâk 85+ years 0 10 20 30 40 50 15 24 10 18 8 17 10 20 11 20 12 14 22 23 26 28 34 43 7 13 7 10 3 6 3 5 3 6 100
5.4. Augstâko izglîtîbu ieguvuðo îpatsvars starp 25–34 gadus veciem iedzîvotâjiem tautas skaitîðanu gados (%) 5.5. Iedzîvotâji ar augstâko izglîtîbu pa vecuma grupâm 2021. gadâ (%) Share of people having higher education in population aged 25–35 (incl.), years when Census was conducted (%) Population having higher education by age group, 2021 (%) 1959 25–29 gadi years 30–34 gadi years 35–39 gadi years 40–44 gadi years 45–49 gadi years 50–54 gadi years 55–59 gadi years 60–64 gadi years 65–69 gadi years 70–74 gadi years 75–79 gadi years 80–84 gadi years 85 gadi un vairâk 85 + years 35 43 42 38 34 31 30 29 28 25 21 22 19 9 14 16 24 22 27 26 26 26 23 20 20 18 50 40 30 20 10 0 1970 1979 2000 2011 2021 5 9 14 17 36 39 Augstâkâ / Higher education Tai skaitâ maìistra grâds / Of which Master’s degree 101