HIES 2024-25 (SOCIAL REPORT) XVII
List of Statistical Tables
Table 10 Diarrhoea Cases in Past 15 Days- By Province and Quintiles
189
Table 11
Reasons for Visiting Private Practitioner First for Diarrhoea Treatment–By Region
and Province
190
Table12 Percentage of Population with Malaria/Dengue, Hepatitis B & C and Tuberculosis
191
Table 13 Neo Natal Mortality with respect to Period of Birth
192
Table 14 Infant Mortality Rate- By Gender and Region
192
Table 15 Infant Mortality and Mother’s Education
192
Table 16a Pre-Natal Consultation-by Region and Province
193
Table 16b Pregnant Women who have received Tetanus Toxoid Injection
193
Table 16c Protected During Last Pregnancy
193
Table17 At least Four Pre-Natal Consultation-By Region
194
Table 18 Person/ Facility Consulted for Pre-Natal Consultation
194
Table 19a Child Deliveries- Location where Child was Delivered
195
Table 19b
Child Deliveries- By Type of Assistance
195
Table 20a
Post-Natal Consultation-By Province and Region
196
Table 20b
Post-Natal Consultation-By Person/Facility Consulted
196
Table 21
Breast Feeding and Weaning Practice- By Province and Months
196
POPULATION WELFARE
Sr.#
Table Description
Page
Table 1
Percentage of Women Aged 15-49 Years Ever Married – By Province and Age-
Category
218
Table 2
Mean Number of Children Ever Born to Women and Ever-Married Women Aged
15-49 Years – By Province and Age-Category
219
Table 3
Age-Specific and Total Fertility Rates - Women Aged 15- 49 Years – By Region and
Age-Category
220
Table 4
Awareness and Use of Family Planning Methods – By Region and Province
220
Table 5
Awareness and Use of Family Planning Methods – By Province and Quintile
221
Table 6
Women Currently Using Family Planning
222
Table 7
Reasons For Not Using Family Planning
223
Table 8
Commonly Known Methods of Family Planning
225
HIES 2024-25 (SOCIAL REPORT) XVIII
List of Statistical Tables
Table 9
Type of Family Planning Method Currently Being Used – By Region
226
Table 10
Source of Family Planning Method
227
Table 11
Attitudes Towards Family Planning Methods – By Province and Reason
227
Table 12
Proportion of Women Aged 15-49 Years Who Make Their Own Informed Decisions
regarding Contraceptive Use & Reproductive Health Care
228
HOUSING AND WATER SUPPLY, SANITATION &HYGIENE (WASH)
Sr.#
Table Description
Page
Table 1
Main Source of Drinking Water- by Province and Region
253
Table 2
Percentage of Households Paying for Water –by Region and Water Source
254
Table 3
Who Installed the Water Delivery System - by Province and Region
255
Table 4
Distance to Drinking Water Source-By Province (Time-Based Assessment)
256
Table 5
Type of Toilet Used by The Household by Province and Region
257
Table 6
Type of Sanitation System Used – by Province and Region
258
Table 7
Garbage Collection Systems from the Household – by Province and Region
259
Table 8
Percentage of Households with the Facility of Specific Place of Hand Washing with
Soap & Cleansing Agent - by Province and Region
260
Table 9
Percentage of Households-by-Household Tenure-by Province and Region
261
Table 10
Percentage of Households by Number of Rooms- by Province and Region
262
Table 11
Percentage of Households by Material Used for Roof -by Province and Region
263
Table 12
Percentage of Households by Material Used for Walls by Province and Region
264
Table 13
Percentage of Households by Fuel Used for Lighting by Province and Region
265
Table 14
Percentage of Households by Fuel Used for Cooking by Province and Region
266
Table 15
Percentage of Households with Clean Fuel Used for Cooking, Lighting, and Heating -
by Province and Region
267
HIES 2024-25 (SOCIAL REPORT) XIX
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Pakistan Bureau of Statistics ( PBS) has been conducting two surveys namely Pakistan Social Living Management (PSLM) Survey (District level) and Household Integrated Economic Survey (HIES) (Provincial level) on alternate years frequency since 2004-05. These Survey series has been designed to provide key social and economic indicators at Provincial level and Social Indicators at District level on alternate-year frequency and for reporting updated data in respect of 33 SDG Indicators. P SLM District Level survey collects information on key social indicators at District Level which is the main source of estimation of Multi -Dimensional Poverty and 21 SDG indicators. While Provincial Survey -HIES collects information on Social Indicators as well as on Income and Consumption Indicators at National & Provincial level. This Provincial Level data is used by P lanning Commission for estimation of Consumption-Based Poverty and 3 1 SDG indicators. Findings of HIES (2024-25) have been compiled in the form of two reports named as (HIES 2024-25 Social Report ) & (HIES 2024-25 Economic Report). Summary of National & Provincial trends in the key Social Indicators covered under HIES, (2024-25), is given below: Education: The government, under Vision 2025, the SDGs framework, and Education Sector Reform initiatives, aims to achieve universal primary and secondary education, reduce dropout rates, promote gender equity, and improve access in underprivileged areas. Programs such as Conditional Cash Transfers, literacy campaigns and infrastructure improvements support these objectives. The Household Integrated Economic Survey (HIES) 2024-25 highlights key trends in enrolment, retention, and dropout patterns across primary, middle, and matric levels, reflecting both progress and persistent challenges in the education sector. Pakistan’s Education S ystem has shown modest overall improvement, with the proportion of individuals aged 10 and above who have ever attended school rising from 61% to 67%, and literacy increasing from 60% to 63%. However, significant disparities persist as male attendance and literacy (77% and 73%) remain higher than female (57% and 54%), and urban areas outperform rural areas in both metrics. Out-of-School children remain a concern at 28% nationally. Rural girls, particularly in Sindh and Balochistan, face the highest exclusion rates, while Punjab performs best and Balochistan the worst. Urban children fare better than rural children across all levels, reflecting unequal access to education.
HIES 2024-25 (SOCIAL REPORT) XX
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Net Enrolment Trends across Primary (age 6 -10 years), Middle (age 11 -13 years), and M atric levels (age 14-15 years), show slow but steady progress. In comparison with the previous Round of Provincial Survey -HIES (2018-19), Net Primary E nrolment increas ed slightly to 68%, with Punjab performing highest at 77% and Bal ochistan lowest at 43%. Middle School E nrolment improved slightly to 40%, led by Punjab (44%) and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (43%), while Sindh (32%) and Balochistan (25%) lag behind, particularly am ong rural girls. Matric enrolment rose marginally to 30%, with Punjab again highest at 34% and Balochistan lowest at 15%, and rural female enrolment critically low. Urban areas consistently outperform rural areas, and gender gaps remain pronounced, especially for rural girls. Dropout rates, though lower than the proportion of children never attending school, continue to contribute significantly to out -of-school figures. Overall, while incremental gains are evident, retention beyond primary education and equ itable access remain major challenges, highlighting the need for targeted interventions to improve female and rural enrolment, reduce dropouts, and strengthen education continuity. Pakistan’s education system shows gradual national improvement but remains characterized by persistent inequalities.
Information & Communication Technology ( ICT) module of HIES (2024–25) presents a comprehensive snapshot of digital access and usage across Pakistan, aligned with the URAAN Pakistan (2024 –29) Vision and supporting SDG monitoring —specifically SDG 4 (Quality Education), SDG 5 (Gender Equality), SDG 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth), and SDG 17 (Partnerships for the Goals). A comparison of ICT indicators computed in the current round HIES (2024–25) with the previous HIES (2018–19) reveals notable shifts. At the household level, mobile & smartphone access is nearly universal (96%), while internet connectivity has increased significantly from 34% to 69%, with Balochistan showing the most marked improveme nt among provinces. However, ownership of computing devices such as desktops, laptops, and tablets has declined nationally from 14% to 7%. Barriers to internet access persist, including affordability, service quality and lack of perceived need —particularly in rural areas. At the individual level, mobile phone usage declined from 91% to 83%, with pronounced gender and regional disparities. Internet usage tripled to 57%, yet rural female access remains substantially low er. Mobile/Smart phone ownership rose from 45% to 50%, though only 31% of females reported owning a device. Digital financial inclusion was measured for the first time in HIES (2024–25), revealing that only 12% of individuals own a bank account and 9% use mobile-money services, while 76% have no
HIES 2024-25 (SOCIAL REPORT) XXI
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY financial account. ICT skill levels show moderate engagement in basic tasks such as messaging and copy-pasting, but advanced digital competencies remain limited, especially among women. These findings underscore the urgent need for targeted, inclusive digital strategies to bridge access gaps, enhance digital literacy, and expand financial and educational opportunities through technology.
Health: Pakistan’s health sector plays a vital role in national development but continues to face challenges in financing, coordination, and equitable service delivery within its decentralized system. With health expenditure around 1% of GDP, rural areas remain particularly underserved. Under Vision 2025 and the SDGs, the government emphasizes universal healthcare, stronger primary care, and reduced maternal and child mortality. Under the URAAN Pakistan (2024–29) initiative, the government plans to raise public health spending from about 1 % of GDP to nearly 3 %, while significantly e nhancing the health workforce and system quality. According to the HIES (2024–25), immunization coverage among children aged 12–23 months reached 73%, with total coverage at 78%, while the addition of Rota and Typhoid vaccines marks progress in disease prevention. Childhood Diarrhoea remained a concern, affecting 10% of children, though 60% received Oral Rehydration Salts (ORS) and majority sought care from either private (4 6%) or government (41%) facilities, showing increased awareness despite access barriers. Maternal and Child health indicators show steady improvement. Upon the comparison of results of current Round of HIES (2024-25) with the previous HIES (2018-19), Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) has found decreased from 60 to 47 per 1,000 live births and the Neonatal Mortality Rate fell from 41 to 35, with lower mortality among children of educated mothers underscoring the impo rtance of maternal education. As per findings of HIES ( 2024–25), 8 8% of women rec eived pre -natal consultations, 86% were vaccinated with tetanus injections, and 84% of births were attended by skilled professionals, while post-natal consultations reached at 44%. Despite these achievements, disparities still exist in rural access, infras tructure, and service quality. Sustained investment in primary healthcare, maternal education, and governance is essential to maintain progress and achieve equitable health outcomes across Pakistan. Population Welfare: Between the two successive rounds of HIES (2024–25) & (2018–19), Pakistan has shown gradual progress in population welfare indicators. The proportion of ever -
HIES 2024-25 (SOCIAL REPORT) XXII
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY married women aged 15 –49 years remained stable at 67 percent, while the mean number of children ever born declined from 2.1 to 1.9, and the total fertility rate slightly decreased from 3.7 to 3.6. The contraceptive prevalence rate improved from 34 to 38 percent nationally, with Punjab leading at (43%), followed by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (36%), Sindh (31%), and Balochistan (22%). Despite overall improvement, significant urban–rural disparities persist, emphasizing the need to enhance equitable access to family planning and reproductive health services. Housing &WASH: Provincial Survey HIES (2024 –25) findings show ed gradual progress in Water, Sa nitation & Hygiene (WASH) and Housing indicators, aligned with the respective Sustainable Development Goals. Improved water availability within premises increased from 74% to 79%. Flush toilet access rose from 80% to 89%, supported by significant gain s in rural household sanitation, while open dumping remained common due to limited municipal and private garbage collection services. Handwashing facilities with soap and water improved from 50% to 64%, though regional disparities persist, especially in rural S indh and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. . Regarding the Housing characteristics Housing and E nergy condition s also show gradual improvement. However the household ownership slightly decreased from 84% to 82%, mainly due to damages and displacement caused by the 2022 floods, yet stronger and more spacious dwellings have become common. Use of durable materials and RCC/RBC roofs increased, though Balochistan remains below average. Electricity remained the main source of lighting at 78%, while hybrid use (main grid or solar panels) reached at 11% and standalone use of solar panels increased from 4% to 7%, resulting in a marginal increase in overall lighting access from 95% to 96% . Use of Clean fuel for cooking and heating increased from 35% to 38% compared with the previou s Provincial Survey HIES (2018–19), reflecting progress toward s sustainable energy . Despite notable progress, persistent rural –urban and income -based disparities underscore the need for greater investment in rural infrastructure, clean energy, and community-based WASH initiatives to achieve the targets envisaged for Housing and WASH-related SDG indicators by 2030. Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES) related findings from HIES (2024–25) highlight significant progress yet persistent challenges in ensuring equitable food access across Pakistan. Nationally, around one-fourth of households experience moderate or severe food insecurity, with marked disparities across provinces and income groups. Vulnerability remains highest in Balochistan and Sindh, while the lowest income quintile faces nearly five times greater risk than
HIES 2024-25 (SOCIAL REPORT) XXIII
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY the highest. These results underscore the critical need for targeted interventions to address regional and economic inequalities. Aligned with Pakistan Vision 2025 and the URAAN Pakistan (2024- 29) initiative, the focus remains on strengthening social protection, enhancing livelihoods, and promoting inclusive, data-driven food security for all citizens. The FIES Module of HIES (2024- 25) also contributes directly to monitoring Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) Indicator 2.1.2 related to the Prevalence of Moderate or Severe Food Insecurity in the Population thereby supporting Pak istan’s commitment to achieving Zero Hunger (SDG 2) under the global 2030 Agenda.
HIES 2024-25 (SOCIAL REPORT) XXIV
STRUCTURE OF REPORT HIES (2024-25) is the first ever digital and 9 th Round in the HIES Series of Surveys and overall 16th round in the PSLM ( District) and HIES (Provincial) Survey Series since 2004-05. Social Report of HIES ( 2024-25) comprises following 7 Chapters, ending up with the Annexures & Appendices. Brief introduction to each Chapter of the HIES ( 2024-2025) Social Report, is as under:
Chapter 1 gives background information relating to Objectives Of HIES, Survey Methodology including Sampling Plan and Preparatory Activities for the Field Operation of the survey comprising Overview of the HIES (2024 -25) Q uestionnaire; Development of Tablet based Android Enumeration Application, Training of Field Staff, Data Collection Plan with Multi-Tiered Monitoring Strategy and Scope of Analysis of HIES (2024-25). This chapter is concluded with the summary of Key Social Indicators followed by the reporting of updated data in respective of SDG Indicators, covered in HIES (2024-25).
Chapter 2 covers Education sector main indicators such as Literacy Rate covering both Youth Literacy & Adult Literacy, Out of School, School Attendance, Gross & Net Enrolment (Primary, Middle, and Matric), Early Leavers and Non-Attendance and Reasons for Leaving School before completing Primary. Four SDG indicators related to the E ducation have been included in this Chapter.
Chapter 3 is about Information & Communication Technology ( ICT) with main indicators relating to Household Use & Ownership of Computer, Mobile/ Smart Phone & Use of Internet and Household Access to Digital Banking. It also provides latest data about Population (aged 10 years & above) regarding Ownership & Usage of Computer / Laptop/Tablet , Mobile/Smartphone by Type of ICT Skills and the Percentage of Internet Users in the P opulation. Four SDG indicators related to ICT have been included in this Chapter.
Chapter 2
Education
Chapter 3
Information & Communication Technology Chapter 1 Introduction