National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics | NSF 26-309 41 Table 24. Federal funding for R&D and R&D plant, by budget function: FYs 1955–2026 (Millions of dollars) Fiscal year ARRA 15,106 300 0 2,955 686 1,304 74 0 111 104 0 10 9,562 0 0 0 0 0 na 2010 146,596 86,517 194 9,280 8,232 2,455 2,237 2,043 550 1,496 109 535 31,488 36 77 1,034 313 0 na 2011 142,457 82,972 196 9,483 8,398 2,233 2,171 1,916 548 1,420 83 578 30,903 180 68 1,160 172 0 na 2012 141,450 79,559 269 9,304 10,661 2,197 2,147 1,920 607 1,486 58 597 31,243 80 18 1,160 143 1 na 2013 130,861 70,620 350 8,802 10,476 2,269 2,020 1,753 719 1,337 54 536 30,044 72 26 1,164 618 0 na 2014 133,547 70,611 410 9,482 11,055 2,387 2,172 1,967 877 1,261 66 515 30,927 25 58 1,101 634 0 na 2015 136,090 72,560 290 10,068 10,875 3,153 2,161 1,989 809 1,363 55 491 30,331 71 55 1,178 639 0 na 2016 147,813 79,828 288 10,042 12,789 3,473 2,294 2,030 887 1,326 65 474 32,365 21 105 1,222 605 0 na 2017c 124,710 57,055 289 9,947 10,134 3,519 2,378 2,090 901 1,444 71 478 34,255 21 74 1,346 707 0 na 2018 140,701 68,325 238 10,692 10,455 4,212 2,383 2,074 840 1,551 144 534 37,151 20 106 1,286 690 0 na 2019 145,615 71,396 235 10,961 10,016 4,433 2,486 2,205 783 1,582 165 517 38,755 20 102 1,370 590 0 na 2020d 163,875 79,389 226 11,620 14,158 4,391 2,653 2,332 858 1,674 97 527 43,936 20 106 1,366 522 0 na 2021d 158,550 77,219 230 12,118 11,512 4,381 3,395 2,514 946 1,685 104 554 40,877 20 91 1,436 475 0 na 2022d 180,196 83,857 173 13,246 14,453 6,340 2,848 3,000 5,976 2,274 8 679 44,943 20 90 1,588 701 0 na 2023 193,078 101,060 178 13,715 10,841 6,342 3,175 2,654 3,362 1,651 5 527 47,576 20 106 1,366 500 0 na 2024 182,441 95,870 198 13,662 10,149 5,996 541 2,679 2,479 2,141 5 792 45,623 0 95 1,826 385 0 na 2025 preliminarye 175,451 89,745 134 13,259 10,595 5,895 541 2,672 2,181 2,157 5 751 45,201 0 94 1,839 381 0 na 2026 proposed 136,900 83,071 198 8,599 6,770 1,916 369 2,277 2,444 1,840 5 375 26,742 0 95 1,864 335 0 na R&D and R&D plant budget authorityf 2000 83,581 43,161 200 5,593 8,437 1,000 2,082 1,561 530 1,664 46 429 18,121 NA 25 645 73 14 na 2001 91,505 46,202 252 6,353 8,951 1,320 2,138 1,826 468 1,654 54 424 21,023 NA 30 719 88 3 na 2002 103,057 53,731 279 6,605 9,227 1,332 2,175 1,909 549 1,889 50 426 23,998 NA 37 756 91 3 na 2003 118,065 63,708 269 6,999 9,677 1,412 2,198 2,042 534 1,888 48 444 27,677 NA 38 817 316 0 na 2004 126,270 70,344 264 7,352 9,746 1,369 2,244 1,910 499 1,881 47 469 28,480 NA 47 866 752 0 na 2005 131,259 74,641 255 7,477 9,656 1,324 2,245 2,094 475 1,866 45 495 29,129 NA 35 742 779 0 na 2006 136,019 78,737 255 7,539 10,401 1,244 2,219 2,118 461 1,730 55 523 28,932 NA 27 769 1,008 0 na Total for all budget functions National defense (050) International affairs (150) General science and basic research (251) Space flight, research, and supporting activities (252) Energy (270) Natural resources and environment (300) Agriculture (350) Commerce and housing credit (370) Transportation (400) Community and regional development (450) Education, training, employment, and social services (500) Health (550) Medicare (570) Income security (600) Veterans benefits and services (700) Administration of justice (750) General government (800) Othera
National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics | NSF 26-309 42 Table 24. Federal funding for R&D and R&D plant, by budget function: FYs 1955–2026 (Millions of dollars) Fiscal year 2007 141,890 82,658 246 8,712 10,988 1,922 2,096 1,950 516 1,380 49 577 29,581 NA 27 820 369 0 na 2008 144,391 85,129 255 9,007 10,672 2,076 2,202 1,997 560 1,413 50 549 29,212 NA 27 886 355 0 na 2009b 164,292 85,642 255 14,128 9,060 3,794 2,615 2,249 1,051 1,461 62 553 42,051 30 63 943 335 0 na Non-ARRA 145,553 85,342 255 9,941 8,374 2,234 2,371 2,073 641 1,357 62 543 30,989 30 63 943 335 0 na ARRA 18,739 300 0 4,187 686 1,560 244 176 410 104 0 10 11,062 0 0 0 0 0 na 2010 148,962 86,789 194 10,509 8,232 2,570 2,430 2,206 668 1,517 109 581 31,693 36 77 1,034 318 0 na 2011 144,379 83,226 196 10,581 8,658 2,265 2,314 1,768 650 1,420 83 636 30,990 180 68 1,160 184 0 na 2012 143,737 79,875 269 10,536 10,801 2,231 2,300 2,005 698 1,511 58 640 31,411 80 18 1,160 143 1 na 2013 132,477 70,781 350 9,620 10,476 2,289 2,169 1,818 795 1,359 54 572 30,200 72 26 1,164 730 0 na 2014 136,159 70,992 410 10,524 11,228 2,407 2,328 2,077 957 1,278 66 542 31,099 25 58 1,101 1,067 0 na 2015 138,544 72,950 290 11,088 10,928 3,173 2,358 2,149 889 1,389 55 527 30,495 71 55 1,178 949 0 na 2016 150,393 80,202 288 11,328 12,811 3,492 2,471 2,350 1,033 1,361 65 505 32,526 21 105 1,222 613 0 na 2017c 127,306 57,530 289 11,289 10,187 3,544 2,533 2,302 1,036 1,479 71 505 34,393 21 74 1,346 707 0 na 2018 144,460 68,916 238 12,559 10,552 4,233 2,662 2,346 1,184 1,594 144 614 37,316 20 106 1,286 690 0 na 2019 149,971 72,027 235 13,165 10,133 4,473 2,845 2,719 920 1,621 165 587 38,998 20 102 1,370 590 0 na 2020d 169,901 81,874 226 13,659 14,206 4,539 2,879 2,674 1,008 1,712 97 581 44,431 20 106 1,366 522 0 na 2021d 161,676 78,368 230 14,150 11,566 4,512 3,637 2,800 1,069 1,720 104 588 41,090 20 91 1,436 453 0 na 2022d 186,765 85,299 173 16,390 14,553 7,114 3,155 3,295 6,090 2,314 8 719 45,244 20 90 1,588 714 0 na 2023 198,941 102,310 106 15,701 10,920 6,460 3,336 2,972 3,729 1,689 5 581 49,067 20 106 1,366 500 0 na 2024 199,342 105,686 252 15,659 10,215 6,140 3,247 2,910 2,639 2,198 5 819 47,206 0 95 1,826 446 0 na 2025 preliminarye 188,596 96,695 220 14,626 10,647 6,004 3,196 2,889 2,302 2,234 5 790 46,613 0 94 1,839 442 0 na 2026 proposed 153,666 93,385 252 10,147 6,822 1,964 1,358 2,451 2,565 1,916 5 398 30,044 0 95 1,864 400 0 na Total for all budget functions National defense (050) International affairs (150) General science and basic research (251) Space flight, research, and supporting activities (252) Energy (270) Natural resources and environment (300) Agriculture (350) Commerce and housing credit (370) Transportation (400) Community and regional development (450) Education, training, employment, and social services (500) Health (550) Medicare (570) Income security (600) Veterans benefits and services (700) Administration of justice (750) General government (800) Othera
National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics | NSF 26-309 43
- = amount less than $500,000. na = not applicable. NA = not available; data were not collected for all budget functions in all years. ARRA = American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009. a Other includes amounts not explicitly tallied in one of the separately identified categories. b Total for FY 2009 is the sum of non-ARRA and ARRA funds. c The data for FY 2017 and onward reflect application of the narrowed definition of development described by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) in its Circular A-11 of July 2016. The previous years' numbers reflect use of the former development definition. d Agencies in several functions received emergency COVID-19 pandemic-related funding for R&D or R&D plant in FYs 2020–22. This funding may be included in this table's data; agency reporting is not clear in all cases. e The preliminary data available from the agencies for FY 2024 at the time of this report reflect mainly the annualized continuing resolution funding levels that existed through early March 2025, which were later extended by a continuing resolution to the end of FY 2025. f Data on budget authority for R&D plant were not tabulated before FY 2000. Note(s): Detail may not add to total because of rounding. In FY 1998, many Department of Energy programs were reclassified from Energy to General science and basic research. In FY 1998, the Department of Veterans Affairs began reporting medical care support funds as a part of its total research budgetary resources; the change is reflected in the budget authority for Veterans benefits and services. In FY 2000, the National Institutes of Health in the Department of Health and Human Services classified all of its previous development activities as basic research or applied research, with a resulting increase in Health basic research. In FY 2000, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) transferred funding for the International Space Station program from R&D to R&D plant; the change is reflected in the budget authority for Space flight, research, and supporting activities. In FY 2004, the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) changed its R&D portfolio to reclassify funding in General science and basic research and in Agriculture as Administration of justice. In FY 2007, DHS changed its R&D portfolio to reclassify funding in National defense and most Administration of justice as General science and basic research; in FY 2013, this was reclassified back to Administration of justice. In FYs 2009 and 2012, NASA revised the classification of its R&D and non-R&D funding. Source(s): Data from FYs 1955–2026 are from agencies' submissions to OMB per MAX Schedule C, agencies' budget justification documents, supplemental data obtained from agencies' budget offices, and Executive Office of the President, OMB, Budget of the United States Government, Fiscal Year 2026.