nsf26309.pdf

National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics | NSF 26-309 37 Table 23. Federal funding for basic research, by budget function: FYs 1978–2026 (Millions of dollars) Fiscal year 2007 28,166 1,533 18 6,887 2,318 7 260 821 92 2 0 149 15,637 0 0 335 106 0 na 2008 28,740 1,631 18 7,260 2,183 16 210 790 98 0 0 146 15,909 0 0 354 125 0 na 2009b 36,400 1,772 18 10,727 932 28 219 799 152 0 0 155 21,108 0 0 375 115 0 na Non-ARRA 28,161 1,769 18 7,913 900 28 219 799 112 0 0 145 15,767 0 0 375 115 0 na ARRA 8,240 3 0 2,814 32 0 0 0 40 0 0 10 5,341 0 0 0 0 0 na 2010 29,614 1,849 0 8,578 1,109 57 223 881 131 0 0 174 16,125 0 0 413 74 0 na 2011 29,888 1,940 0 8,738 1,199 47 218 823 154 0 0 207 16,002 0 0 438 122 0 na 2012 31,846 2,066 0 8,491 3,181 57 135 847 163 0 0 206 16,196 0 0 470 33 0 na 2013 30,202 1,950 0 8,147 2,950 17 120 762 192 0 0 208 15,317 0 0 476 63 0 na 2014 32,086 2,167 0 8,739 3,320 16 252 790 213 0 0 227 15,853 0 0 451 58 0 na 2015 31,821 2,213 1 9,308 3,210 55 254 793 214 0 0 217 15,014 0 0 484 58 0 na 2016 32,821 2,335 1 9,282 3,578 51 257 829 235 0 0 244 15,565 0 0 386 58 0 na 2017 34,061 2,304 0 9,168 3,606 21 268 903 234 0 0 258 16,701 0 0 538 59 0 na 2018 36,208 2,381 0 9,932 3,281 50 255 909 222 0 1 335 18,255 0 0 530 57 0 na 2019 39,352 2,613 0 10,177 4,948 49 330 965 233 0 2 329 19,056 0 0 600 52 0 na 2020c 44,331 2,686 0 10,782 6,655 51 117 1,028 241 16 2 348 21,826 0 0 523 57 0 na 2021c 42,883 2,698 4 11,423 5,162 19 118 1,163 260 16 0 340 21,051 0 0 566 63 0 na 2022c 45,222 2,653 7 11,962 5,718 170 149 1,417 270 0 0 324 21,844 0 0 619 88 0 na 2023 47,021 3,013 2 12,875 5,115 24 222 1,271 316 0 0 343 23,097 0 0 683 60 0 na 2024 44,942 2,820 2 12,140 4,344 27 40 1,388 314 0 0 351 22,734 0 0 765 17 0 na 2025 preliminaryd 44,686 2,715 2 12,216 4,414 11 40 1,421 260 0 0 351 22,421 0 0 818 16 0 na 2026 proposed 29,533 2,263 2 8,121 2,564 12 15 1,069 210 0 0 283 14,158 0 0 823 13 0 na Total for all budget functions National defense (050) International affairs (150) General science and basic research (251) Space flight, research, and supporting activities (252) Energy (270) Natural resources and environment (300) Agriculture (350) Commerce and housing credit (370) Transportation (400) Community and regional development (450) Education, training, employment, and social services (500) Health (550) Medicare (570) Income security (600) Veterans benefits and services (700) Administration of justice (750) General government (800) Othera

National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics | NSF 26-309 38

• = amount less than $500,000; na = not applicable. ARRA = American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009. a Other includes amounts not explicitly tallied in one of the separately identified categories. b Total for FY 2009 is the sum of non-ARRA and ARRA funds. c Agencies in several functions received emergency COVID-19 pandemic-related funding for R&D or R&D plant in FYs 2020–22. This funding may be included in this table's data; agency reporting is not clear in all cases. d The preliminary data available from the agencies for FY 2025 at the time of this report reflect mainly the annualized continuing resolution funding levels that existed through early March 2025, which were later extended by a continuing resolution to the end of FY 2025.  Note(s): Not all basic research funded by the federal government falls into the General science and basic research category. Federal funding for basic research arises in other functional categories—such as National defense or Health—and is included in the category funding totals there. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. In FY 1998, many Department of Energy programs were reclassified from Energy to General science and basic research. In FY 1998, the Department of Veterans Affairs began reporting medical care support funds as a part of its total research budgetary resources; the change is reflected in the budget authority for Veterans benefits and services. In FY 2000, the National Institutes of Health in the Department of Health and Human Services classified all of its previous development activities as basic research or applied research, with a resulting increase in Health basic research. In FY 2000, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) transferred funding for the International Space Station program from R&D to R&D plant; the change is reflected in the budget authority for Space flight, research, and supporting activities. In FY 2004, the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) changed its R&D portfolio to reclassify funding in General science and basic research and in Agriculture as Administration of justice. In FY 2007, DHS changed its R&D portfolio to reclassify funding in National defense and most Administration of justice as General science and basic research; in FY 2013, this was reclassified back to Administration of justice. In FYs 2009 and 2012, NASA revised the classification of its R&D and non-R&D funding. Source(s): Data from FYs 1978–94 are from agencies' submissions to the Office of Management and Budget (OMB), Circular A-11, exhibit 44A, "Research and development activities," and from supplemental data obtained from agencies' budget offices. Data from FYs 1995–2026 are from agencies' submissions to OMB per MAX Schedule C, agencies' budget justification documents, supplemental data obtained from agencies' budget offices, and Executive Office of the President, OMB, Budget of the United States Government, Fiscal Year 2026.

National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics | NSF 26-309 39 Table 24. Federal funding for R&D and R&D plant, by budget function: FYs 1955–2026 (Millions of dollars) Fiscal year R&D obligations 1955 2,533 2,151 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 67 NA NA NA NA NA 315 1956 2,988 2,535 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 83 NA NA NA NA NA 370 1957 3,932 3,327 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 140 NA NA NA NA NA 465 1958 4,570 3,801 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 177 NA NA NA NA NA 592 1959 6,694 5,556 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 233 NA NA NA NA NA 904 1960 7,552 6,107 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 305 NA NA NA NA NA 1,140 1961 9,059 7,005 NA 137 777 373 73 125 NA 55 NA NA 405 NA NA NA NA NA 108 1962 10,290 7,238 NA 187 1,413 448 108 136 NA 101 NA NA 551 NA NA NA NA NA 107 1963 12,495 7,764 NA 246 2,812 515 120 146 NA 142 NA NA 626 NA NA NA NA NA 125 1964 14,225 7,829 NA 277 4,241 571 134 165 NA 122 NA NA 728 NA NA NA NA NA 160 1965 14,614 7,342 NA 304 4,887 585 159 195 NA 147 NA NA 792 NA NA NA NA NA 203 1966 15,320 7,536 NA 377 4,976 575 189 201 NA 251 NA NA 900 NA NA NA NA NA 315 1967 16,529 8,566 18 409 4,778 600 320 218 43 380 37 154 915 NA 48 41 * 3 na 1968 15,921 8,275 17 437 4,304 657 331 217 48 304 44 166 1,021 NA 50 45 1 5 na 1969 15,641 8,356 26 433 3,799 597 323 221 54 404 32 169 1,088 NA 78 50 5 5 na 1970 15,339 7,981 32 452 3,606 574 340 238 79 535 47 164 1,084 NA 136 59 9 6 na 1971 15,543 8,110 32 513 3,048 556 416 259 90 728 65 215 1,288 NA 145 63 10 7 na 1972 16,496 8,902 29 625 2,932 574 479 294 50 558 66 235 1,547 NA 106 69 23 8 na 1973 16,800 9,002 28 658 2,824 630 554 308 50 572 78 290 1,585 NA 106 74 33 7 na 1974 17,410 9,016 24 749 2,702 759 516 313 51 693 82 236 2,069 NA 71 85 35 9 na 1975 19,039 9,679 29 813 2,764 1,363 624 342 65 635 93 239 2,170 NA 72 95 44 12 na 1976 20,780 10,430 42 858 3,130 1,649 683 383 69 631 109 255 2,351 NA 48 98 35 12 na 1977 23,450 11,864 66 974 2,832 2,562 753 457 71 708 101 230 2,629 NA 55 107 30 13 na R&D budget authority 1978 25,976 12,899 57 1,050 2,939 3,134 904 501 77 768 92 345 2,968 NA 67 111 44 20 na 1979 28,208 13,791 117 1,119 3,136 3,461 1,010 552 93 798 127 354 3,401 NA 57 123 47 23 na 1980 29,739 14,946 125 1,233 2,738 3,603 999 585 101 887 119 468 3,694 NA 47 126 45 22 na 1981 33,735 18,413 160 1,340 3,111 3,501 1,061 659 106 869 104 298 3,871 NA 43 143 34 22 na Total for all budget functions National defense (050) International affairs (150) General science and basic research (251) Space flight, research, and supporting activities (252) Energy (270) Natural resources and environment (300) Agriculture (350) Commerce and housing credit (370) Transportation (400) Community and regional development (450) Education, training, employment, and social services (500) Health (550) Medicare (570) Income security (600) Veterans benefits and services (700) Administration of justice (750) General government (800) Othera

National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics | NSF 26-309 40 Table 24. Federal funding for R&D and R&D plant, by budget function: FYs 1955–2026 (Millions of dollars) Fiscal year 1982 36,115 22,070 165 1,359 2,584 3,012 965 693 104 791 63 228 3,869 NA 32 139 31 10 na 1983 38,768 24,936 177 1,502 2,134 2,578 952 745 107 876 44 189 4,298 NA 32 157 37 6 na 1984 44,214 29,287 192 1,676 2,300 2,581 963 762 110 1,040 46 200 4,779 NA 26 218 24 8 na 1985 49,887 33,698 210 1,862 2,725 2,389 1,059 836 114 1,030 50 220 5,418 NA 21 193 47 17 na 1986 53,249 36,926 211 1,873 2,894 2,286 1,062 815 111 917 88 248 5,565 NA 14 183 41 14 na 1987 57,069 39,152 223 2,042 3,398 2,053 1,133 822 110 908 99 267 6,556 NA 25 215 49 17 na 1988 59,106 40,099 224 2,160 3,683 2,126 1,160 882 122 896 108 285 7,076 NA 23 195 51 17 na 1989 62,115 40,642 279 2,373 4,555 2,419 1,255 907 128 1,064 74 347 7,773 NA 27 212 45 15 na 1990 63,781 39,925 375 2,410 5,765 2,726 1,386 950 140 1,045 67 374 8,308 NA 33 216 44 17 na 1991 65,898 39,328 378 2,635 6,511 2,953 1,582 1,052 178 1,231 88 433 9,226 NA 30 219 51 4 na 1992 68,398 40,083 371 2,659 6,744 3,099 1,688 1,155 192 1,523 127 365 10,055 NA 37 245 51 4 na 1993 69,884 41,249 382 2,691 6,988 2,677 1,802 1,152 220 1,703 57 348 10,280 NA 36 250 49 * na 1994 68,331 37,764 254 2,712 7,414 2,873 2,062 1,193 380 1,888 68 373 10,993 NA 45 265 46 0 na 1995 68,791 37,204 287 2,794 7,916 2,844 1,988 1,194 525 1,833 70 369 11,407 NA 43 257 59 1 na 1996 69,049 37,801 252 2,846 7,844 2,521 1,802 1,176 432 1,795 50 331 11,867 NA 16 259 56 2 na 1997 71,653 39,591 190 2,944 7,844 2,372 1,886 1,203 409 1,785 48 373 12,670 NA 9 267 59 2 na 1998 73,569 39,823 163 4,360 8,198 948 1,855 1,249 398 1,833 42 444 13,576 NA 18 587 72 2 na 1999 77,637 41,306 190 4,690 8,245 1,131 1,842 1,288 432 1,725 59 403 15,553 NA 38 644 88 3 na 2000 78,664 42,580 200 4,977 5,363 996 1,999 1,426 406 1,636 46 418 17,869 NA 25 645 73 6 na 2001 86,756 45,713 252 5,468 6,126 1,314 2,096 1,657 429 1,640 54 411 20,758 NA 30 719 88 3 na 2002 97,624 53,016 279 5,753 6,270 1,327 2,160 1,606 467 1,838 50 411 23,560 NA 37 756 91 3 na 2003 112,544 63,048 269 6,129 7,355 1,403 2,151 1,708 463 1,869 48 430 26,517 NA 38 817 299 0 na 2004 121,867 69,593 264 6,466 7,612 1,343 2,168 1,750 454 1,863 47 459 28,251 NA 47 866 684 0 na 2005 126,601 74,047 255 6,570 7,300 1,296 2,168 1,820 423 1,847 45 470 28,824 NA 35 742 758 0 na 2006 131,624 78,037 255 6,691 8,204 1,195 2,120 1,869 390 1,711 55 495 28,797 NA 27 769 1,008 0 na 2007 138,087 82,272 246 7,809 9,024 1,893 1,936 1,857 428 1,361 49 536 29,461 NA 27 819 369 0 na 2008 140,113 84,713 255 8,234 8,323 1,896 2,106 1,864 450 1,394 50 497 29,063 NA 27 886 355 0 na 2009b 156,009 85,166 255 11,840 6,891 3,318 2,245 1,935 618 1,440 62 479 40,389 30 63 943 335 0 na Non-ARRA 140,903 84,866 255 8,885 6,205 2,014 2,171 1,935 507 1,336 62 469 30,827 30 63 943 335 0 na Total for all budget functions National defense (050) International affairs (150) General science and basic research (251) Space flight, research, and supporting activities (252) Energy (270) Natural resources and environment (300) Agriculture (350) Commerce and housing credit (370) Transportation (400) Community and regional development (450) Education, training, employment, and social services (500) Health (550) Medicare (570) Income security (600) Veterans benefits and services (700) Administration of justice (750) General government (800) Othera