Non-Communicable Diseases: Risk Factors and other Health Problems 125 Sociodemographic Characteristics Inadequate Intake Fruit and / or Vegetable Count Estimated Population Prevalence (%) 95% CI Lower Upper Bumiputera Sabah 523 1,119,343 94.9 91.22 97.04 Bumiputera Sarawak 321 690,660 95.4 90.64 97.77 Others 491 1,705,697 91.7 80.84 96.63 Marital Status Single 1,683 4,687,295 95.9 94.48 96.97 Married 6,052 11,387,138 94.4 92.93 95.64 Widow(er)/Divorcee 920 1,215,484 95.3 92.79 96.96 Education Level No Formal Education 498 821,631 96.7 93.86 98.26 Primary Education 1,965 3,261,697 94.7 89.27 97.44 Secondary Education 4,089 8,353,908 95.3 94.12 96.30 Tertiary Education 2,060 4,749,445 93.9 92.32 95.12 Occupation Government Employee 917 1,362,408 95.3 92.59 97.06 Private Employee 2,420 6,571,970 95.5 94.30 96.50 Self Employed 1,567 2,990,343 92.7 87.34 95.94 Unpaid Worker/ Homemaker 1,745 2,957,421 94.6 91.91 96.46 Retiree 431 666,719 93.2 89.11 95.85 Student 220 604,378 98.0 93.91 99.39 Not Workingb 1,349 2,129,689 95.8 94.04 97.06 Household Income Group Less than RM 1,000 864 1,362,960 96.0 93.89 97.44 RM 1,000 - RM 1,999 1,702 3,255,491 95.7 93.18 97.33 RM 2,000 - RM 3,999 2,516 5,143,382 94.6 91.43 96.68 RM 4,000 - RM 5,999 1,304 2,729,511 95.9 94.23 97.06 RM 6,000 - RM 7,999 756 1,611,230 93.3 90.25 95.41 RM 8,000 - RM 9,999 347 788,939 94.7 90.51 97.11 RM 10,000 and above 619 1,332,919 92.6 88.76 95.20 Household Income Quintile Quintile 1 1,773 3,033,845 95.1 92.50 96.84 Quintile 2 1,598 3,120,662 94.2 88.63 97.16 Quintile 3 1,561 3,301,838 96.0 94.52 97.09 Quintile 4 1,454 3,034,999 96.0 94.49 97.10 Quintile 5 1,722 3,733,088 93.3 91.35 94.88 Household Income Category Bottom 40% 5,490 10,470,920 95.0 93.40 96.25 Middle 40% 1,938 4,229,891 95.4 93.96 96.53 Top 20% 680 1,523,621 92.4 88.96 94.80
National Health and Morbidity Survey 2019 Technical Report − Volume I 126 Table 7.6: Prevalence of Adequate and Inadequate Plain Water Intake in A Day Among Adults Aged 18 Years and Above in Malaysia by Socio-Demographic Characteristics Sociodemographic Characteristics < 6 glasses 6-8 glasses Count Estimated Population Prevalence (%) 95% CI Count Estimated Population Prevalence (%) 95% CI Lower Upper Lower Upper MALAYSIA 3,003 5,421,810 25.8 24.23 27.33 5,113 10,411,252 49.4 47.84 51.06 State Johor 253 676,912 28.5 22.46 35.41 445 1,227,028 51.7 45.36 57.89 Kedah 177 409,765 32.5 27.14 38.35 236 526,489 41.8 35.99 47.75 Kelantan 201 380,048 34 28.82 39.84 266 511,089 45.9 41.07 50.76 Melaka 239 206,098 34.9 27.86 42.68 355 325,044 55.1 48.79 61.17 Negeri Sembilan 161 198,974 28.4 22.53 35.03 273 343,484 49.0 41.41 56.59 Pahang 137 215,197 21.1 16.65 26.43 382 598,715 58.8 54.95 62.50 Pulau Pinang 236 387,738 31.0 25.17 37.58 295 646,091 51.7 42.71 60.61 Perak 178 393,613 25.8 20.15 32.36 264 717,072 47.0 41.21 52.82 Perlis 153 43,845 27.4 22.37 33.14 311 91,374 57.2 51.62 62.52 Selangor 247 913,847 20.0 17.08 23.19 587 2,452,727 53.6 50.23 56.88 Terengganu 212 252,954 34.2 30.04 38.70 282 317,252 42.9 39.34 46.63 Sabah 131 372,113 14.7 11.05 19.36 381 1,199,832 47.5 41.86 53.18 Sarawak 221 587,924 32.5 28.24 37.04 357 850,430 47.0 43.23 50.77 WP Kuala Lumpur 142 345,903 26.9 19.77 35.54 218 550,791 42.9 37.28 48.67 WP Labuan 122 14,197 22.7 18.40 27.64 255 30,911 49.4 45.39 53.42 WP Putrajaya 193 22,684 39.9 33.97 46.15 206 22,924 40.3 35.07 45.82 Location Urban 1,756 4,097,631 24.9 23.17 26.81 3,112 8,295,489 50.5 48.60 52.40 Rural 1,247 1,324,179 28.6 25.91 31.49 2,001 2,115,762 45.7 42.95 48.53 Sex Male 1,329 2,592,757 24.1 22.12 26.09 2,193 5,128,467 47.6 45.30 49.86 Female 1,674 2,829,053 27.5 25.67 29.48 2,920 5,282,785 51.4 49.42 53.41 Age Group (Years) 18-19 114 265,935 30.8 24.68 37.76 155 425,106 49.3 41.73 56.89 20-24 309 773,854 27.1 23.35 31.15 440 1,433,617 50.2 44.73 55.58 25-29 250 717,831 24.1 20.32 28.36 477 1,422,971 47.8 43.49 52.12 30-34 237 541,540 20.5 16.66 24.94 492 1,329,679 50.3 44.81 55.83 35-39 250 526,054 22.7 19.16 26.60 509 1,128,156 48.6 44.49 52.76 40-44 211 442,379 24.3 20.52 28.57 411 791,950 43.5 38.54 48.67 45-49 221 352,020 21.3 17.87 25.24 457 866,449 52.5 47.69 57.24 50-54 235 336,201 22.2 18.67 26.13 505 816,539 53.9 49.28 58.38 55-59 257 294,032 22.2 18.60 26.27 495 725,155 54.8 50.06 59.36 60-64 263 352,346 32.0 26.99 37.44 424 549,196 49.9 44.63 55.11 65-69 223 281,032 35.6 29.60 42.00 314 400,848 50.7 44.36 57.05 70-74 165 195,241 36.1 29.94 42.81 226 272,651 50.4 43.81 57.07 75 & above 268 343,346 52.8 46.52 58.98 208 248,935 38.3 32.50 44.40 Ethnicity Malaya 2,205 3,329,561 30.8 29.00 32.66 3,303 5,280,915 48.8 47.05 50.66 Chinese 328 1,022,461 22.8 19.32 26.61 680 2,285,728 50.9 46.49 55.27 Indian 150 238,782 19.4 14.64 25.15 329 623,229 50.5 45.52 55.52
Non-Communicable Diseases: Risk Factors and other Health Problems 127 Table 7.6: Prevalence of Adequate and Inadequate Plain Water Intake in A Day Among Adults Aged 18 Years and Above in Malaysia by Socio-Demographic Characteristics (cont’d) Sociodemographic Characteristics < 6 glasses 6-8 glasses Count Estimated Population Prevalence (%) 95% CI Count Estimated Population Prevalence (%) 95% CI Lower Upper Lower Upper Bumiputera Sabah 124 219,533 16.2 12.56 20.75 320 694,195 51.4 46.73 55.94 Bumiputera Sarawak 102 265,615 28.0 22.75 34.00 211 473,111 49.9 44.65 55.22 Others 94 345,858 15.6 11.27 21.17 270 1,054,073 47.5 40.20 54.91 Marital Status Single 678 1,699,923 28.4 25.59 31.45 1,017 2,795,958 46.8 43.47 50.08 Married 1,890 3,178,499 23.4 21.74 25.12 3,573 6,921,601 50.9 48.99 52.88 Widow(er)/Divorcee 435 543,388 36.6 32.49 40.88 523 693,692 46.7 42.51 50.94 Education Level No Formal Education 243 344,942 32.5 25.82 39.87 294 533,783 50.2 43.51 56.91 Primary Education 747 1,073,661 26.5 23.80 29.38 1,128 1,955,230 48.2 44.15 52.36 Secondary Education 1,364 2,646,737 25.9 23.94 27.87 2,430 4,996,671 48.8 46.75 50.88 Tertiary Education 634 1,332,450 23.9 21.18 26.83 1,232 2,857,194 51.2 48.07 54.39 Occupation Government Employee 279 358,539 23.0 19.03 27.41 509 838,477 53.7 48.84 58.44 Private Employee 659 1,659,530 20.4 18.09 22.86 1,480 4,000,826 49.1 46.16 52.06 Self Employed 497 897,343 24.8 21.63 28.29 899 1,802,215 49.8 45.76 53.89 Unpaid Worker/ Homemaker 586 981,739 27.7 24.45 31.15 1,093 1,809,134 51.0 47.43 54.55 Retiree 164 226,388 28.7 23.84 34.10 258 416,217 52.8 46.79 58.65 Student 95 209,976 28.9 22.09 36.90 125 368,841 50.8 41.53 60.06 Not Workingb 720 1,086,318 40.9 37.59 44.32 747 1,170,993 44.1 40.66 47.60 Household Income Group Less than RM 1,000 366 528,159 31.2 27.49 35.26 510 832,381 49.2 44.94 53.55 RM 1,000 - RM 1,999 613 1,050,690 26.0 22.92 29.31 990 1,971,839 48.8 44.98 52.58 RM 2,000 - RM 3,999 826 1,507,678 23.8 21.60 26.24 1,477 3,130,522 49.5 46.50 52.51 RM 4,000 - RM 5,999 450 879,642 26.6 23.42 30.07 774 1,586,114 48.0 44.30 51.69 RM 6,000 - RM 7,999 253 490,983 25.4 20.66 30.72 458 977,028 50.5 44.73 56.20 RM 8,000 - RM 9,999 108 170,296 19.0 13.73 25.79 212 504,715 56.4 48.11 64.41 RM 10,000 and above 186 421,208 26.5 20.40 33.62 350 775,961 48.8 41.87 55.77 Household Income Quintile Quintile 1 670 1,036,372 27.7 24.80 30.74 1,053 1,880,016 50.2 47.06 53.33 Quintile 2 561 1,009,347 25.2 22.08 28.52 957 2,043,602 50.9 46.94 54.94 Quintile 3 526 974,314 24.6 21.86 27.62 884 1,828,986 46.2 42.54 49.97 Quintile 4 498 946,136 25.9 22.92 29.18 857 1,768,252 48.5 45.03 51.89 Quintile 5 547 1,082,487 24.5 21.22 28.09 1,020 2,257,704 51.1 47.36 54.78 Household Income Category Bottom 40% 1,943 3,268,570 25.4 23.66 27.22 3,239 6,446,728 50.1 48.09 52.11 Middle 40% 663 1,318,831 25.8 22.97 28.89 1,123 2,417,623 47.3 44.00 50.68 Top 20% 196 461,255 25.5 20.57 31.20 409 914,210 50.6 44.86 56.28 a - Malay includes Orang Asli b - Not working includes Unemployed, and Old Age