185
15.12 Residential Licence Permission given by the Government or an occupier of land under a right of occupancy or a lessee which allows the person to whom the licence is given to occupy or use or do some act in relation to the land comprised in the right of occupancy or the lease which would otherwise be a trespass but does not include an easement.
15.13 Dwelling House This means that any house or part of a house or room used as a separate dwelling in any building and includes any garden or other premises within the cartilage of and used as a part of the dwelling house as so defined.
15.13.1 Dwelling A place where people live, such as a house, apartment, or other residential unit that provides shelter and accommodation. Also, it serves as a residence or habitation for individuals, families, or households, and it is the primary space where people carry out their daily activities, rest, and seek refuge.
15.13.2Dwelling Unit
This is all about the living space occupied by one household regardless of the physical
arrangement of facilities available. It may be one room or more occupied by lodgers or
it may be one, two or more housing units occupied by an extended family.
15.14 Housing Unit It is a separate and independent place of abode intended for habitation by a single household, or one not intended for habitation but occupied as living quarters by a household. Thus, it may be an occupied or vacant dwelling, an occupied mobile or improved housing unit or any other place occupied as living quarters by a household.
15.14.1 Temporary Housing Unit It refers to a structure that, by the way it has been built, is not expected to maintain its durability for a long period of time, but has some of the facilities of a conventional dwelling.
15.14.2 Temporary Dwelling Unit A dwelling unit that is provided in response to emergency situations or for temporary relocation purposes or intended to be occupied for a limited time only.
15.14.3 Semi-Permanent Dwelling Units: These are dwelling units built with a combination of durable materials and require regular maintenance.
186
15.14.4 Permanent Dwelling Units: These are built with durable materials (wall, floor and roof) that can maintain their stability for at least 15 years.
15.15 Durable Materials: These may be categorized as follows: Durable Roofing Materials: Iron-sheets, Tiles, Concrete and Asbestos. Non-durable Roofing Materials: Grass/Leaves, Mud and Leaves, Plastics/Box and Tent.
15.15.1 Durable Wall Materials Are materials used for building permanent house walls such as stones, cement bricks, sundried bricks, baked bricks, timber, timber and sheets.
15.15.2 Non-durable Wall Materials
Are materials used for building temporary wall materials such as none treated poles and
mud, grass and tent.
15.15.3 Non-durable Flooring Materials
Wood Planks, Palm/Bamboo, Earth/Sand and dung.
15.16 Building Is any independent free-standing structure comprising one or more rooms or other spaces, covered by a roof, enclosed with external walls or dividing walls which extend from the foundations to the roof, and intended for residential, agricultural, industrial, commercial, cultural and other purposes.
15.16.1 Residential Building Is a building that half of the floor area is used for dwelling purposes. Other buildings should be regarded as non-residential. Other information regarding building: Houses (ground-oriented residential buildings; comprising all types of houses detached, semi- detached, terraced houses, houses built in a row, etc.) each dwelling of which has its own entrance directly from the ground surface. Other residential buildings: comprising all residential buildings other than ground-oriented residential buildings as defined above.
15.16.2 Non-Residential Building Consists of buildings other than dwellings, including fixtures, facilities and equipment that are integral parts of the structures, other information: Historic monuments identified primarily as non-residential buildings are also included, Examples include
187 warehouse and industrial buildings, commercial buildings, buildings for public entertainment, hotels, restaurants, educational buildings, health buildings, etc
15.16.3 Room Is a space in a housing unit or other living quarters enclosed by walls reaching from the floor to the ceiling or roof covering, or to a height of at least two meters of an area large enough to hold a bed for an adult that is at least four (4) square meters.
15.16.4 Slum It is a densely populated urban area which is characterized by a generally low standard of living. Comprised of dwellings with at least one of the four characteristics: (a) lack of access to improved water supply; (b) lack of access to improved sanitation; (c) overcrowding (3 or more persons per room); and (d) dwellings made of non-durable material (UN, 2008).
15.17 Village Village: refer to a specific area of land designated for residential, agricultural, or mixed-use purposes within a rural or semi-urban setting. Villages can vary in size and structure depending on cultural, historical, and geographical factors.
15.18 Village Land Refers to the land that is owned and administered by villages or local communities. This type of land is governed by the Village Land Act of 1999 and is under the authority of the village assembly and village council and representing approximately 70% of the country’s land);
15.19 Minor Town Settlement with minimum population of 10,000 with the following basic services (a) Health centre; (b) Secondary school; (c) 20 retail shops and a market facility; (d) Primary court; and (e) serves as either a ward or division headquarters.
15.19.1 Town
Settlement having a minimum of 30,000 people and meet at least 50% of the annual
budget from own revenue sources. Also, it has to provide the following community
services and facilities.
(a) Hospital; (b) Secondary school; (c) At least 50 licensed shops; (d) Police station;
and (e) Serves as divisional headquarters.
15.19.2 Municipality
Settlement having a minimum of 100,000 people and an economic base of at least 30%
of employment in the non-agricultural sector, it is also required to have at least one
188 manufacturing industry and several small-scale industries. It should be self-sustenance for at least 70% of annual budget; and it should have a centre providing higher order services, including cultural, educational and health facilities which serve an area beyond the administrative region such as universities, referral hospital and international conference facilities. At present, there are 18 municipal authorities in the country.
15.19.3 City Municipality that has symbolic importance in addition to meeting the minimum requirement for being a municipality, Key attributes that define a city are: (a). Minimum of 500,000 people; (b). Self-sustenance by at least 95% of annual budget; (c) historical significance; (d). Outstanding cultural importance such as a major tourist centre; (e). The seat of regional government; (f). The seat of international activities; (g). Any other symbolic value, the power to grant a municipality status of a city is vested in the National Assembly.
15.20 Residential Plot A piece of land that is designated for the construction of a residential building, such as a house or an apartment complex. It is typically zoned for residential use and may be located within a housing development or a designated residential area.
15.20.1 Non-Residential Plot A piece of land that is designated for purposes other than residential construction.
15.20.2 Commercial Plot A piece of land that is designated for commercial purposes. This type of plot is typically zoned for the construction of businesses, retail outlets, offices, hotels, restaurants, or other commercial establishments. It is intended for non-residential use and is often located in areas with high commercial activity.
15.20.3 Low-Density Plot Is characterized by a lower concentration of housing units per unit of land area. This type of development typically results in a lower population density and a more spread- out, less urbanized feel compared to high-density residential areas. (The plot normally ranges 801-1500sqm).
15.20.4 Medium-Pensity Plot Is characterized by a moderate concentration of housing units per unit of land area, falling between low-density and high-density developments. Medium-density plots are often found in suburban or transitional areas, offering a compromise between the spaciousness of low-density developments and the urbanization of high-density areas. (The plot normally ranges 601-800sqm).
189 15.20.5 High-Density Plot Is characterized by a higher concentration of housing units per unit of land area. In this, land is utilized more intensively, often with multi-story apartment buildings or townhouses, resulting in a higher population density within the area. High-density plots are commonly associated with urban settings and offer a more compact living environment with a greater number of housing units within a given area. (The plot normally ranges 300-600M2.
15.21 Satellite City A smaller city which is located near a larger city but operates independently. Satellite cities are designed to reduce congestion, provide affordable housing, and offer job opportunities outside of the main city center. They are connected to the larger city through transportation networks like highways or public transit systems.
15.22 Human Settlement The totality of the human community whether city, town or village with all the social, material, organizational, spiritual and cultural elements that sustain it as defined in the UNHABITAT Vancouver Declaration on Human Settlement in 1976.
15.23 Common Areas Parts of a building or land, shown on the site plan and layout plan designated for common use by the owners and occupiers of building units such as stair cases, lifts, and lift lobbies, fire escapes, common entrances and exits of buildings, areas used for installations of central services such as electricity, gas, water, sanitation, outdoor air-conditioning, water tanks, generators, pumps, ducts, and common gardens.
15.24 Regularized Settlement
This is an informal or unplanned urban or peri-urban settlement that has been formally
recognized and integrated into the legal and administrative framework of land use and
development.
15.25 Land Development The process of improving land by adding improvements on or to a parcel of land and such improvements may include drainage, utilities, subdividing, access, buildings, any combination of these elements, and the project where such improvements are being made.
15.26 Real Estate Land, buildings, and improvements there to and for the purpose of the Real Estate Act, 2017 real estate shall also include buildings constructed in or on water bodies like oceans, lakes and rivers.
190 15.27 Master Plan Comprehensive and strategic land use plan that provides a framework for the orderly development and management of a specific area, such as a city, region, or district. The master plan serves as a long-term guide for land use, infrastructure development, environmental conservation, and urban growth within the defined jurisdiction/ Long-term land use plan of at least (20) twenty years which guides and controls physical development of an urban area.
15.28 Land Valuation Is the process of determining the monetary value or worth of a piece of land based on various factors such as location, size, shape, zoning regulations, accessibility, infrastructure, topography, land use potential, market conditions, and other relevant considerations. Land valuation is essential for various purposes including real estate transactions, property taxation, investment analysis, development planning, insurance purposes, and legal disputes.
15.29 Compensation Compensation for loss of interest in land shall include value of land, unexhausted improvements, disturbance allowance, transport allowance, accommodation allowance and loss of profit.
15.30 Mortgage
Interest in a right of occupancy or a lease securing the payment of money or money's worth or
the fulfilment of a condition and includes a sub-mortgage and the instrument creating a
mortgage.
15.31 Transfer the passing of a right of occupancy, a lease or a mortgage from one party to another by act of the parties and not by operation of the law and includes the instrument by which such passing is affected.
15.32 The Land Acquisition Legislation that provides the legal framework for the compulsory acquisition of land by the government or authorized entities for public purposes.
15.33 Prime Area An area that yields a maximum profit to developers after all other factors of development and use has been satisfied.
15.34 Change of Use The process of altering the intended purpose or activities associated with a particular piece of land, building, or property. This change typically involves transitioning from one permitted land use category to another, as defined by local zoning regulations, land use plans, or development controls.