126 12.8 Water Samples It is a portion of water taken at a source of water point for test water quality whether complies with national and international standards for human conception.
12.8.1 Total Number of Samples Tested It is defined as the number of products of sampling stations for chemical tests, the number of samples tested will be the number of sampling station times two.
12.8.2 Percentage samples meet quality standards It is the ration of samples taken and tested that meet current quality standards to total number of samples taken and tested. It is the measure of the quality of water delivered to customers. (Standards: 99.4% - 100%).
12.9 Water Quality Test Water sample are collected from the borehole and be taken and to water laboratory for physical, bacteriological and chemical analysis in order access its suitability for human consumption.
12.10 Water Quality Water quality refers to the chemical, physical and biological characteristics of water based on the standards of its usage. It is most frequently used by reference to a set of standards against which compliance, generally achieved through treatment of the water, can be assessed.
12.11 Hydrogeological Survey Refers to activities carried out in order to determine potential sites for underground water exploitation.
12.12 Reconnaissance Survey The expert visits the site in order to identify areas for detailed survey, the geomorphological condition, hydrogeology of the area, accessibility of the drilling equipment’s to the site and historical background of the area in groundwater bases.
12.13 Detailed Survey The survey is done to identify areas for obtaining data which will be interpreted to determine the type of the rock, depth to drill and the possibility of underground water potential zones. The equipment’s for the survey is resistivity meter, Magnetometer/Electromagnetic, GPS and Geological compass.
12.13.1 Population Coverage (%) It is the ration of population served to total population.
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12.13.2 Proportion of Water Produced to Meet Demand. Is the ratio of water produced to water demand.
12.13.3 Revenue Collection Efficiency% Is the ratio of the amount of revenue collected in the current financial year to the amount of revenue of water billed. It is recommended to be greater than 95%.
12.13.4 Unit Cost of Produced Water Is the Operation and maintenance (O&M) costs with depreciation (without investment costs and debt servicing) divided by Total water production.
12.13.5 Percentage of Unaccounted for Water (UFW) Is the ratio of water distributing less consumption to volume of water distributed lost unknowingly as from the water produced. This indicator is the measure of leakage and other system losses. It is taken to include leakage and theft, but also un-metered provision of public water such as fire hydrants, etc. It should be less than 20%.
12.13.6 Area Coverage (%) Is the ratio of an area with a network to a total service area.
12.13.7 Percentage of Water Coverage with Kiosks. Population served with kiosks over a total population times 100.
12.13.8 Water Service Coverage (pop) (%) Population served with domestic connections plus population served with kiosks over total population times 100.
12.13.9 Water Coverage with Domestic Connections. (%) Refers to population served with domestic connection over total population times 100.
12.13.10 Billable Water Is water available for distribution less water used in the treatment process.
12.13.11 Billing Efficiency (%) Is defined as the volume of water billed to the customers divided by the volume of water estimated to be distributed. It measures the percentage of water billed over water
128 produced. This ratio is dependent on waters losses as well as metering accuracy. It is recommended to be greater than (80%).
12.13.12 Daily Water Distribution Per Capita Served Is an indicator that describes the average daily volume of water distributed per person with either direct access to a domestic connection or to a water kiosk. It does not describe the actual consumption of these customer groups as part of the distributed volume is e.g. consumed by other customer groups or lost through leakages.
12.13.13
Disconnection Ratio
It is the percentage of connections (without kiosks) that are currently reported to be
disconnected.
12.14 Non-Revenue Water (NRW) It is the amount of water that provider produces (or purchases from other entities) minus the amount that is sold to consumers, presented as a percentage of water produced or as an amount per length of the distribution system. NRW can be the result of physical (leaks, overflow) and commercial (illegal connections, collection of revenue) losses. The recommended value is less than 20%.
12.15 Pollute Means directly or indirectly to alter the physical thermal, chemical, biological or radioactive properties of water so as to render such water less fit for any beneficial purpose for which it is or may reasonably be used or cause a condition which is hazardous or potentially hazardous to public health, safety welfare or to animals, birds, fish or aquatic life, or organism or to plant and "pollution" has corresponding meaning.
12.16 Public Tap Means any fountain, standpipe, tap, trough, valve or other appliance or structure erected, provided or maintained by or on behalf of (water supply and sanitation authority or a community owned water supply organization) the purpose of supplying water to its consumers.
12.17 Population Coverage (%) It is the proportion of population served with water to the total population living in the service area.
129 12.18 Population with Direct Access to Domestic Connection Is the number of people with direct access to domestic connection. Direct access might comprise all people living on a plot, which is connected to a network and does not include people from neighborhood premises.
12.19 Population with Access to Kiosk Is the number of people served at a kiosk connection. The kiosk should be owned by the provider
12.20 Water Point Means a single source of water, which may be a well, a borehole, a tap or a public tap.
12.21 Water Supply Means the provision of appropriate facilities and services for the sourcing, treatment and distribution of potable water.
12.22 Waterworks Waterworks means all gathering grounds, off-takes, reservoirs, dams, weirs, tanks, cisterns, tunnels, filter beds, conduits, aqueducts, mains, pipes, meters, fountains, sluices, valves, hydrants, pumps, prime movers and all other structures and appliances used or constructed for the storage, conveyance, supply, measurement or regulation of water, which are used or have been constructed by or on behalf of a water supply and sanitation authority or a community owned water supply organization.
12.23 Waterworks Area Means any area of land or of water delineated by the Minister as an area connected with the supply of any waterworks.
12.24 Water for Domestic Purposes It is the use of water solely for the purpose of meeting household and domestic needs and excludes any commercial activities
12.25 Water Point Mapping It is the process of locating water infrastructure and collecting related information using any available technology, the information that is collected is later on subjected to different uses.
130 12.26 Water Point Mapping System It is an integration of hardware, software, methodologies, data, processes and users dedicated to collecting, storing, processing and analyzing water related information and giving feedback for public use.
12.27 Sanitation This refers to the process of keeping places clean and healthy, especially by providing a sewage system and a clean water supply.
12.28 Sanitation Service Chain Sanitation Service Chain means all components and processes comprising a sanitation system, from toilet capture and containment through emptying, transport, treatment (in-situ or offsite) and final disposal or end use.
12.29 Improved Sanitation facilities
Are those designed to hygienically separate human excreta from human contact. These include wet
sanitation technologies such as flush and pour flush toilets connected to sewers, septic tanks or pit
latrines, and dry sanitation technologies such as dry pit latrines with slabs and composting toilets
12.30 Sewer Means any pipe or conduit other than a drain used, or for use, for the conveyance of sewage. Sewer systems consist of facilities for collection, pumping, treating and disposing of human excreta and wastewater. Losses that occur during transport and treatment cannot be monitored through household surveys.
12.30.1 Private Sewer It includes a privately constructed pipe, conduit; underground gutter or channel, other than a building sewer, which may be connected to a private sewerage installation for the conveyance of sewage or trade waste; or for other private purposes and not being part of a public sewerage system vested in or constructed by a water authority potable.
12.30.2 Private Sewerage Installation Includes privately constructed latrine, septic tank or other sewerage system and all fittings connected thereto but does not include a building sewer.
12.30.3 Sewerage Coverage (%) Is the number of domestic connections times average household size or best estimate over total population times 100.
131 12.30.4 Sewerage Main Rehabilitation (%) Is the Length of sewer mains rehabilitated during the year per total sewer mains length.
12.30.5 Sewerage Services Connection Rehabilitation (%) Is the number of sewer connections replaced or renovated during the year per total number of sewer connections.
12.31 Total Collection It is a total collection from water and sewerage services including billing of water sales, sewerage, meter rent and other operating income. Collections from non-billing related items, which mean other income, are not considered.
12.31.1 Trade Waste Agreement Means an agreement between a water authority and any person for the discharge of waste into a sewer or storage or treatment of waste by the water authority, and shall include such terms, manner and periods as the water authority may decide or. as may be prescribed.
12.31.2 Treatment of Collected Wastewater (%) Is the maximum daily volume of sewerage treated in a treatment plant during the assessment period per maximum daily capacity of the existing treatment plants.
12.31.3 Wastewater Quality Compliance (%) Is the percentage of the sewerage effluent samples that pass all allowable quality tests as per Tanzanian sewage quality standards.
12.32 Basin Basin means an area of land where rainfall collects and drain into a common outlet.
12.33 Basic Service Level in Rural Areas
Basic service level in rural areas means a minimum service level of domestic water supply in
rural areas of 25 litres of safe water per capita per day through water points located within 400
meters from the furthest homestead and serving 250 persons per outlet.
12.34 Catchment Catchment means the surface area and underground stratum of land that collects water to supply a source of water.
132 12.35 Rainwater Harvesting Rainwater harvesting means a technology used for collecting and storing rainwater from land surfaces, rock catchments or roof tops using simple techniques such as jars and pots as well as more complex techniques such as charcos dams.
12.36 Sewage
Sewage means liquid waste of conveyed in sewers but does not include storm water.
12.37 Sewerage Sewerage means a network of pipes, pumping stations, and appurtenances that convey sewage from its points of origin to a point of treatment or disposal.
12.38 Surface Water Surface water means all water flowing over the surface of the ground, or contained in a spring or natural lake or reservoir or swamp and all water contained directly underneath a river bed.
12.39 Trans-Boundary water Refers to water resources contained within drainage or river basins which cross the geographical boundaries of and are shared with more than one sovereign country.
12.40 Waste Water Wastewater means liquid waste of excremental and non-excremental nature but does not include storm water.
12.41 Water Resources Refers to natural resources of water that are potentially useful for humans. For example; water course, surface water, ground water and estuary water.
12.42 Water Source
Refers to bodies of water such as rivers, streams, lakes, reservoirs, springs, and ground water
that provide water to public drinking-water supplies and private wells.
12.43 Watershed Watershed means an area of land where rainfall collects and drain into a wetland, stream, river and lake.