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Framework for the Development of Environment Statistics (FDES 2013) 146 Table A.1 The Basic Set of Environment Statistics Component 1: Environmental Conditions and Quality Subcomponent 1.1: Physical Conditions Topic Statistics and related information Category of measurement Potential aggregations and scales Methodological guidance (Bold text—Core Set/Tier 1; regular text—Tier 2; italicized text— Tier 3) Topic 1.1.1: Atmosphere, climate and weather a. Temperature   •• National •• Subnational •• World Meteorological Organization (WMO) •• Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) •• National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)/National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)  

  1. Monthly average Degrees  
  2. Minimum monthly average Degrees  
  3. Maximum monthly average Degrees b. Precipitation (also in 2.6.1.a)  
  4. Annual average Height  
  5. Long-term annual average Height  
  6. Monthly average Height  
  7. Minimum monthly value Height  
  8. Maximum monthly value Height c. Relative humidity  
  9. Minimum monthly value Number  
  10. Maximum monthly value Number d. Pressure •• National •• Subnational •• By station  
  11. Minimum monthly value Pressure unit  
  12. Maximum monthly value Pressure unit e. Wind speed •• National •• Subnational  
  13. Minimum monthly value Speed  
  14. Maximum monthly value Speed f. Solar radiation •• WMO •• IPCC •• NOAA/NASA  
  15. Average daily value Area, energy unit  
  16. Average monthly value Area, energy unit  
  17. Number of hours of sunshine Number •• National •• Subnational •• By month and per year g. UV radiation •• National •• Subnational •• World Health Organization (WHO)- UV Radiation Index •• WMO-UV Radiation  
  18. Maximum daily value Area, energy unit  
  19. Average daily value Area, energy unit  
  20. Maximum monthly value Area, energy unit  
  21. Average monthly value Area, energy unit h. Occurrence of El Niño/La Niña events, when relevant •• By location •• National •• Subnational  
  22. Occurrence Number  
  23. Time period Time period

147 The Basic Set of Environment Statistics 147 Topic 1.1.2: Hydrographical characteristics a. Lakes •• By location •• By watershed/river basin •• National •• Subnational •• United Nations Statistics Division (UNSD): International Recommendations for Water Statistics (IRWS) •• UN-Water  

  1. Surface area Area  
  2. Maximum depth Depth b. Rivers and streams  
  3. Length Length c. Artificial reservoirs  
  4. Surface area Area  
  5. Maximum depth Depth d. Watersheds  
  6. Description of main watersheds Area, description e. Seas •• By location •• National, within coastal waters or Exclusive Eco­ nomic Zone (EEZ)  
  7. Coastal waters Area  
  8. Territorial sea Area  
  9. Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) Area  
  10. Sea level Depth  
  11. Area of sea ice Area f.   Aquifers Depth, description •• By location •• By salinity levels •• By watershed •• National •• Subnational •• Renewable •• Non-renewable g. Glaciers   Area •• By location •• National •• Subnational Topic 1.1.3: Geological and geographical infor­ mation a. Geological, geographical and geomorphological conditions of terrestrial areas and islands •• National •• UNSD: Demographic Yearbook •• Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) •• Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN)  
  12. Length of border Length  
  13. Area of country or region Area, location  
  14. Number of islands Number •• By location •• National  
  15. Area of islands Area  
  16. Main geomorphological characteristics of islands Description  
  17. Spatial distribution of land relief Description, location  
  18. Characteristics of landforms (e.g., plains, hills, plateaus, dunes, volcanoes, mountains and seamounts) Description, area, height  
  19. Area by rock types Area  
  20. Length of fault lines Length b. Coastal waters (including area of coral reefs and mangroves) Area, description c. Length of marine coastline Length d. Coastal area Area

Framework for the Development of Environment Statistics (FDES 2013) 148 Table A.1 The Basic Set of Environment Statistics (continued) Topic Statistics and related information Category of measurement Potential aggregations and scales Methodological guidance (Bold text—Core Set/Tier 1; regular text—Tier 2; italicized text— Tier 3) Topic 1.1.4: Soil characteristics a. Soil characterization •• By location •• By soil type •• National •• Subnational •• FAO and the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) Harmonized World Soil Database •• International Soil Reference and Information Centre (ISRIC) World Data Centre for Soils •• United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) •• FAO Global Assessment of Human-induced Soil Degradation (GLASOD)  

  1. Area by soil types Area b. Soil degradation  
  2. Area affected by soil erosion Area  
  3. Area affected by desertification Area  
  4. Area affected by salinization Area  
  5. Area affected by waterlogging Area  
  6. Area affected by acidification Area  
  7. Area affected by compaction Area c. Nutrient content of soil, measured in levels of: •• By soil type •• By nutrient •• National •• Subnational  
  8. Nitrogen (N) Concentration  
  9. Phosphorous (P) Concentration  
  10. Calcium (Ca) Concentration  
  11. Magnesium (Mg) Concentration  
  12. Potassium (K) Concentration  
  13. Zinc (Zn) Concentration
  14. Other Concentration Component 1: Environmental Conditions and Quality Subcomponent 1.2: Land Cover, Ecosystems and Biodiversity Topic 1.2.1: Land cover a. Area under land cover categories Area •• By location •• By type of land cover (e.g., artificial surfaces includ­ ing urban and associated areas; herbaceous crops; woody crops; multiple or layered crops; grassland; tree-covered areas; mangroves; shrub-covered areas; shrubs and/or herbaceous vegetation, aquatic or regularly flooded; sparsely natural vegetated areas; terrestrial barren land; permanent snow and glaciers; inland water bodies; and coastal water bodies and inter-tidal areas)a •• National •• Subnational •• FAO Land Cover Classification System •• System of Environmental-Economic Accounting (SEEA) Central Framework (2012) land cover categories •• European Environment Agency (EEA)

149 The Basic Set of Environment Statistics 149 Topic 1.2.2: Ecosystems and biodiversity a. General ecosystem characteristics, extent and pattern •• By location •• By ecosystem (e.g., forest, cultivated, dryland, coastal, marine, urban, polar, inland water, island, mountain)b •• Millennium Ecosystem Assessment •• Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) •• UN Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) Standard Statistical Classification of Flora, Fauna and Biotopes (1996) •• Convention on Wetlands of International Importance, especially as Waterfowl Habi­ tat (the Ramsar Convention)  

  1. Area of ecosystems Area  
  2. Proximity of ecosystem to urban areas and cropland Distance b. Ecosystems’ chemical and physical characteristics  
  3. Nutrients Concentration  
  4. Carbon Concentration  
  5. Pollutants Concentration c. Biodiversity •• By ecosystem (e.g., forest, cultivated, dryland, coastal, marine, urban, polar, inland water, island, mountain)b •• By status category (e.g., extinct, extinct in the wild, threatened, near threatened, least concern) •• By class (e.g., mammals, fishes, birds and reptiles) •• National •• Subnational •• Millennium Ecosystem Assessment •• CBD •• International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species •• UNECE Standard Statistical Classification of Flora, Fauna and Biotopes (1996) •• FAO FISHSTAT (Species population and number of invasive alien species)  
  6. Known flora and fauna species Number  
  7. Endemic flora and fauna species Number  
  8. Invasive alien flora and fauna species Number
  9. Species population Number
  10. Habitat fragmentation Area, description, location, number d. Protected areas and species •• By location •• By management categoryc •• By ecosystem (e.g., forest, cultivated, dryland, coastal, marine, urban, polar, inland water, island, mountain)b •• National •• Subnational •• IUCN Protected Area Management Categories •• UNSD: Millennium Development Goal (MDG) Indicator 7.6 Metadata
  11. Protected terrestrial and marine area (also in 1.2.3.a) Number, area
  12. Protected flora and fauna species Number •• By species •• By ecosystem (e.g., forest, cultivated, dryland, coastal, marine, urban, polar, inland water, island, mountain)b •• By status category •• National •• Subnational •• IUCN Red List of Threatened Species •• UNSD: MDG Indicator 7.7 Metadata a SEEA land cover categories, based on FAO Land Cover Classification System (http://unstats.un.org/unsd/envaccounting/seeaRev/SEEA_CF_Final_en.pdf) b Reporting categories used in the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (www.millenniumassessment.org/documents/document.356.aspx.pdf) c IUCN reporting categories: strict nature reserves; wilderness areas; national parks, natural monuments or features; habitat/species management areas; protected landscapes/seascapes; and protected areas with sustainable use of natural resources (www.iucn.org/about/work/programmes/gpap_home/gpap_quality/gpap_pacategories/)

Framework for the Development of Environment Statistics (FDES 2013) 150 Table A.1 The Basic Set of Environment Statistics (continued) Topic Statistics and related information Category of measurement Potential aggregations and scales Methodological guidance (Bold text—Core Set/Tier 1; regular text—Tier 2; italicized text— Tier 3) Topic 1.2.3: Forests a. Forest area   •• By forest type •• National •• Subnational •• By dominant tree species •• By ownership category •• FAO Global Forest Resources Assessment (FRA) •• UN Forum on Forests (UNFF) Monitoring, Assessment and Reporting (MAR) •• UNSD: MDG Indicator 7.1 Metadata •• Montreal Process (Working Group on Criteria and Indicators for the Conservation and Sustainable Management of Temperate and Boreal Forests) •• State of Europe’s Forests (Forest Europe/ UNECE-FAO Forestry and Timber Section)  

  1. Total Area  
  2. Natural Area  
  3. Planted Area  
  4. Protected forest area (also in 1.2.2.d) Area  
  5. Forest area affected by fire Area b. Forest biomass  
  6. Total Volume  
  7. Carbon storage in living forest biomass Mass Component 1: Environmental Conditions and Quality Subcomponent 1.3: Environmental Quality Topic 1.3.1: Air quality a. Local air quality   •• By point measurement •• Subnational •• Daily maximum •• Monthly maximum and average •• Yearly maximum and average •• WHO Air Quality Guidelines—Global Update 2005, Particulate matter, ozone, nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide •• WHO Air quality guidelines for particulate matter, ozone, nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide, Global Update 2005, Summary of risk assessment •• UNECE Standard Statistical Classification of Ambient Air Quality (1990)  
  8. Concentration level of particulate matter (PM10) Concentration  
  9. Concentration level of particulate matter (PM2.5) Concentration  
  10. Concentration level of tropospheric ozone (O3) Concentration  
  11. Concentration level of carbon monoxide (CO) Concentration  
  12. Concentration level of sulphur dioxide (SO2) Concentration  
  13. Concentration levels of nitrogen oxides (NOx) Concentration  
  14. Concentration levels of heavy metals Concentration  
  15. Concentration levels of non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) Concentration  
  16. Concentration levels of dioxins Concentration  
  17. Concentration levels of furans Concentration  
  18. Concentration levels of other pollutants Concentration  
  19. Number of days when maximum allowable levels were exceeded per year Number •• By pollutant b. Global atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases •• Global WMO  
  20. Global atmospheric concentration level of carbon dioxide (CO2) Concentration  
  21. Global atmospheric concentration level of methane (CH4) Concentration

151 The Basic Set of Environment Statistics 151 Topic 1.3.2: Freshwater quality a. Nutrients and chlorophyll •• By water body •• By watershed/river basin •• By surface or groundwater •• By point measurement •• By type of water resource •• UNECE Standard Statistical Classification of Freshwater Quality for the Maintenance of Aquatic Life (1992) •• UN Environment Programme (UNEP) Global Environment Monitoring System—Water (GEMS-Water) •• WHO  

  1. Concentration level of nitrogen Concentration  
  2. Concentration level of phosphorous Concentration  
  3. Concentration level of chlorophyll A Concentration b. Organic matter  
  4. Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) Concentration  
  5. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) Concentration c. Pathogens  
  6. Concentration levels of faecal coliforms Concentration d. Metals (e.g., mercury, lead, nickel, arsenic, cadmium)  
  7. Concentration levels in sediment and freshwater Concentration  
  8. Concentration levels in freshwater organisms Concentration e. Organic contaminants (e.g., PCBs, DDT, pesticides, furans, dioxins, phenols, and radioactive waste) •• UNECE Standard Statistical Classification of Freshwater Quality for the Maintenance of Aquatic Life (1992) •• UNEP GEMS-Water •• Stockholm Convention  
  9. Concentration levels in sediment and freshwater Concentration  
  10. Concentration levels in freshwater organisms Concentration f. Physical and chemical characteristics •• UNECE Standard Statistical Classification of Freshwater Quality for the Maintenance of Aquatic Life (1992) •• UNEP GEMS-Water  
  11. pH/acidity/alkalinity Level  
  12. Temperature Degrees  
  13. Total suspended solids (TSS) Concentration  
  14. Salinity Concentration  
  15. Dissolved oxygen (DO) Concentration g. Plastic waste and other freshwater debris  
  16. Amount of plastic waste and other debris Area, mass

Framework for the Development of Environment Statistics (FDES 2013) 152 Table A.1 The Basic Set of Environment Statistics (continued) Topic Statistics and related information Category of measurement Potential aggregations and scales Methodological guidance (Bold text—Core Set/Tier 1; regular text—Tier 2; italicized text— Tier 3) Topic 1.3.3: Marine water quality a. Nutrients and chlorophyll •• By coastal zone, delta, estuary or other local marine environment •• Subnational •• National •• Supranational •• By point measurement •• By water resource •• UNECE Standard Statistical Classification of Marine Water Quality (1992) •• NOAA/NASA •• UNEP Regional Seas Programme  

  1. Concentration level of nitrogen Concentration  
  2. Concentration level of phosphorous Concentration  
  3. Concentration level of chlorophyll A Concentration b. Organic matter  
  4. Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) Concentration  
  5. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) Concentration c. Pathogens  
  6. Concentration levels of faecal coliforms in recreational marine waters Concentration d. Metals (e.g., mercury, lead, nickel, arsenic, cadmium)  
  7. Concentration levels in sediment and marine water Concentration  
  8. Concentration levels in marine organisms Concentration e. Organic contaminants (e.g., PCBs, DDT, pesticides, furans, dioxins, phenols, and radioactive waste) •• UNECE Standard Statistical Classification of Marine Water Quality (1992) •• NOAA/NASA •• UNEP Regional Seas Programme •• Stockholm Convention  
  9. Concentration levels in sediment and marine water Concentration  
  10. Concentration levels in marine organisms Concentration f. Physical and chemical characteristics  •• UNECE Standard Statistical Classification of Marine Water Quality (1992) •• NOAA/NASA •• UNEP Regional Seas Programme  
  11. pH/acidity/alkalinity Level  
  12. Temperature Degrees  
  13. Total suspended solids (TSS) Concentration  
  14. Salinity Concentration  
  15. Dissolved oxygen (DO) Concentration  
  16. Density Density g. Coral bleaching  
  17. Area affected by coral bleaching Area h. Plastic waste and other marine debris •• By coastal zone, delta, estuary or other local marine environment •• By location •• Subnational •• National •• Supranational •• By point measurement •• UNECE Standard Statistical Classification of Marine Water Quality (1992) •• NOAA/NASA •• UNEP Regional Seas Programme  
  18. Amount of plastic waste and other debris in marine waters Area, mass i. Red tide  
  19. Occurrence Number  
  20. Impacted area Area  
  21. Duration Duration j. Oil pollution  
  22. Area of oil slicks Area  
  23. Amount of tar balls Area, diameter, number
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