80
Population & Housing Census-2023
improvement of level of congestion. (Figure 4.1).
Figure 4.1: Housing Units by Number of Rooms, Census-2017 and 2023
4.2.2 Nature of Tenure The categories of Government, Non-Government & Others are recently included in Census-2023. The houses allotted by government-to-government employees are termed as “Govt house” while in private sector they allot houses to their employees are known as “Non-Govt house”. The houses other than all categories of housing status is mentioned in “Others”.
Of the total housing units enumerated in the Census-2023, there is a marginal decline in the proportion of owned houses from 50.23% in Census-2017 to 53.27% in the Census-2017 as shown in Table 4.3. Moreover, 36.35% of housing units were reported as rented which has decreased as compared to 43.32% in Census-2017.
The rent-free housing units have shown a decrease with 2.49% in Census-2023 as compared to 6.45% in Census-2017. The percentages for Govt house, Non-Govt house and others are nominal. Table 4.3: Percentage of Housing Units by Nature of Tenure and Rural/Urban, Census-2017 and 2023
2017 2023
All Areas Rural Urban All Areas Rural Urban Owned Percent 50.23 59.07 41.56 53.27 59.65 45.48 Rented Percent 43.32 36.72 49.79 36.35 36.94 35.64 Rent Free Percent 6.45 4.21 8.65 2.49 2.29 2.75 Govt. House Percent
6.98 0.52 14.88 Non-Govt. House Percent
0.14 0.11 0.18 Others Percent
0.76
0.49
1.08
332,145
164,450
167,695
410,993
226,022
184,971
*Due to rounding effect the figures may not exactly add up to 100
The percentage distribution of housing units by type of tenure is portrayed in Figure 4.2 which indicates
that the proportion of owned housing units has increased but the rented housing units has decreased in
Census-2023, while rent-free housing units have reduced.
10.88
71.49
17.63
8.10
77.06
14.83
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
One Room
2-4 rooms
5 and more rooms
2017
2023
81
Population & Housing Census-2023 Figure 4.2: Housing Units by Nature of Tenure, Census-2017 and 2023
4.2.3 Construction Material of House
The Pacca, Semi Pacca and Kacha Households aims to assess the affordability and accessibility of
housing, tracking changes in construction costs and property values. It is fundamental to a country's
development as it provides a foundation for stability and security, enabling individuals and families to
invest in their future. The analysis informs policy decisions, helping governments and stakeholders
address housing shortages and promote affordable housing initiatives. Census-2023 collects information
regarding pacca households, semi pacca households and kacha households. Pacca households is defined
as a well -constructed, permanent or concrete house made of durable materials such as bricks, cement
and steel etc.
The roof and walls of a pacca house are made from durable materials like cement concrete, burnt
bricks, jack board, timber or stone. Semi pacca households is defined as house made of pre - fabricated
material. It also includes house either roof or wall made any of them made of pre -fabricated material.
The house having roof made is made up of cement and wall made up of ply wood are also d eclared as
semi pacca households. Kacha households includes households where walls are made of bamboo, mud
or ply wood/ card board and roof is made by cement/ iron sheet or garder / T -iron or pre -fabricated
material.
In rural areas of Islamabad district household having kacha structures with 0.71% and Pacca
household are 57.69%, higher in urban areas with 85.62% as compared to rural areas with 27.25%. Semi
pacca households are higher in rural areas as compared to urban areas with 11.74%.
Pacca House Semi Pacca House Kacha House
Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban
97.35 98.38 96.09 1.21 0.91 1.58 1.44 0.71 2.33
50.23 43.32 6.45 0 0 0 53.27 36.35 2.49 6.98 0.14 0.76 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Owned Rented Rent Free Govt. House Non-Govt. House Others Percent 2017 2023
82
Population & Housing Census-2023 4.2.4 Period of Construction As reflected in Table 4.4, 1.36% of the owned houses were found under construction at the time of Census-2023. The recent trend of under construction houses is higher in rural areas as compared to urban areas.
It is found that in rural area vast majority of houses i.e. 30.06% are relatively newly constructed
within a period of 4-9 years. However, in urban areas the majority i.e. 34.16% lies within a period of 20-
49 years, whereas majority newly constructed i.e. 37.02% within 10-19 years in the rural areas.
Table 4.4: Percentage of Owned Housing Units by Period of Construction and Rural/Urban, Census-
2023
Period of Construction
2023
All Areas
Rural
Urban
All
100
100
100
Under Construction
1.36
1.52
1.16
3 years and below
11.35
13.08
9.23
4-9 years
24.58
30.06
17.89
10-19 years
33.47
37.02
29.13
20-49 years
24.39
16.39
34.16
50 years and Above
4.85
1.92
8.43
Number of Households
410,993
226,022
184,971
*Due to rounding effect the figures may not exactly add up to 100
Figure 4.3 portrays the picture of the house by period of construction for the census-2023. The Figure
makes it evident that the proportion of house built for 10 to 19 years remains the highest with 33.47%,
whereas the house constructed during 50 years and above remains the lowest with 4.85%.
Figure 4.3: Housing Units by Period of Construction, Census-2023
1.36
11.35
24.58
33.47
24.39
4.85
1.52
13.08
30.06
37.02
16.39
1.92
1.16
9.23
17.89
29.13
34.16
8.43
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Under Construction 3 years and below
4-9 years
10-19 years
20-49 years
50 years and Above
Total
Urban
Rural
83
Population & Housing Census-2023 4.2.5 Construction Material Used for Walls Quality of housing units and living standards can be assessed through the construction material used for the walls and roofs of the housing units. In Census 2023, different categories like Baked Bricks/Blocks/Stones, Unbaked Bricks/ Mud, Wood/Bamboo, Plywood/ Cardboard, Pre-Fabric & others were asked to assess the housing construction material as depicted in following table.
In the Census-2023, majority of houses 97.71% have reported that their walls are made of baked bricks/
blocks/ stones as compared to 95.93% in Census-2017. The percentage is higher in rural areas with
98.63% as compared to 96.58% in urban areas in Census-2023. Moreover, the walls were reported as
being made of unbaked bricks with mud bonding is 0.84% in rural areas as compared to 2.38% in
urban areas.
Table 4.5: Number and Percentage of Housing Units by Construction Material Used for Outer Walls,
Census- 2017 And 2023
Construction Material
2017
2023
All Areas
Rural
Urban
All Areas
Rural
Urban
Baked
Bricks
/
Blocks / Stones
Number
318,620
158,857
159,763
401,570
222,923
178,647
Percent
95.93
96.60
95.27
97.71
98.63
96.58
Unbaked Bricks /
Mud
Number
6,131
2,139
3,992
6,305
1,905
4,400
Percent
1.85
1.30
2.38
1.53
0.84
2.38
Wood / Bamboo
Number
2,116
802
1,314
1,427
684
743
Percent
0.64
0.49
0.78
0.35
0.30
0.40
Plywood/Cardboard*
Number
88 50 38 Percent
0.02 0.02 0.02 Pre-Fabric* Number
182 105 77 Percent
0.04
0.05
0.04
Others
Number
5,278
2,652
2,626
1,421
355
1,066
Percent
1.59
1.61
1.57
0.35
0.16
0.58
Number of Households
332,145
164,450
167,695
410,993
226,022
184,971
*Plywood/Cardboard and Pre-Fabric has been added in Census-2023
97.71% 1.53% 0.35% 0.02% 0.04% 0.35%
Baked Bricks/ Unbaked Bricks/ Wood/Bamboo Plywood/ Pre-Fabric Others
Blocks/Stones Mud Cardboard
84
Population & Housing Census-2023 The use of wood bamboo for construction of walls has decreased slightly from 0.64% in Census-2017 to 0.35% in Census-2023. The concentration is higher in urban areas with 0.40% as compared to 0.30% only in rural areas. The categories of Plywood/Cardboard and Pre -Fabric have been included in Census -2023. Nominal houses reported these categories with 0.02% and 0.05% is almost same in rural areas and urban areas with 0.02% and 0.04% respectively. 4.2.6 Construction Material Used for Roofs Table 4.6 shows the use of construction material in roofs of the housing units enumerated during Census- 2023. The type of construction material used for roofs indicates that 85.26% of the housing units in ICT have standard category of roofs constructed with RCC/ RBC (reinforced concrete/ bricks with cement bonding), with a decrease of 78.50% in urban areas as compared to 90.80% in rural areas. The trend of RCC/RBC construction has increased from 83.23% in the Census -2017 to 85.26% in Census-2023 which indicates an improvement in the standard and quality of construction. The use of Cement/ Iron Sheet in the construction of roofs has increased from 4.62% in Census -2017 to 6.76% in Census-2023. The use of cement/ iron sheet in the construction of roofs has shown increasing trend in both rural and urban areas. The use of wood/ bamboo in construction of roofs has decreased from 2.09% in the Census-2017 to 1.37% in the Census-2023, The use of wood/ bamboo in construction of roofs in the construction of roofs has shown decreasing trend in both rural and urban areas. The use of Garder/T. Iron in construction of roofs is 6.15% in Census -2023. The usage of this material is lower in rural areas as 2.11% as compared to urban areas as 11.1%. The category of Pre-Fabric has been included in Census-2023 with the share of 0.09%. The data for this category was not available in Census-2017. The use of unspecified material in construction of roofs has increased from 2.22% in Census - 2017 to 2.60% in Census-2023. The category of Pre-Fabric has been included in Census-2023 with the share of 0.55%. The data for this category was not available in Census -2017. The use of unspecified material in construction of roofs has increased from 2.22% in Census-2017 to 2.60% in Census-2023.
85.26% 6.76% 6.15% 1.37% 0.09% 0.37%
RCC/RBC Cement/Iron Sheet Garder/T.Iron Wood/Bamboo Pre-Fabric Others
85
Population & Housing Census-2023 Table 4.6: Number and Percentage of Housing Units by Construction Material Used For Roofs, Census-2017 and 2023 Construction Material 2017 2023 All Areas Rural Urban All Areas Rural Urban RCC/RBC Number 136,594 88,132 48,462 350,423 205,229 145,194 Percent 41.12 53.59 28.90 85.26 90.80 78.50 Cement/Iron Sheet Number 7,843 3,672 4,171 27,763 13,794 13,969 Percent 2.36 2.23 2.49 6.76 6.10 7.55 Garder/T. Iron Number 17,359 3,072 14,287 25,285 4,762 20,523 Percent 5.23 1.87 8.52 6.15 2.11 11.10 Wood/Bamboo Number 2,563 922 1,641 5,649 1,589 4,060 Percent 0.77 0.56 0.98 1.37 0.70 2.19 Pre-Fabric* Number 2,478 1,340 1,138 372 233 139 Percent 0.75 0.81 0.68 0.09 0.10 0.08 Others Number
1501 415 1,086 Percent
0.37 0.18 0.59 Number of Households 332,145 164,450 167,695 410,993 226,022 184,971 *Pre-Fabric has been added in Census-2023 4.3 Availability of Facilities in Housing Units 4.3.1 Source of Drinking Water Easy access to drinking water serves as an index of quality living. In Census 2023, information has been collected from households about the main source of drinking water inside and outside of the house. The main categories including Tap Water, Motorized Pump, Hand Pump, Dug Well, Spring, Bottle Water, Filtration Plant and Tanker/Truck/Water bearer. The availability of drinking water through all sources in the district reported in the Census-2017 and Census-2023 are shown in Table 4.7. The table 4.7 revels that 58.72% of households in census 2023 reported that their main source of drinking water is inside of the house as compared to 79.37% in 2017. The detailed analysis of data revels that the percentage of houses reported the main source of drinking water outside house in Census 2023 is higher with 41.28 % as compared to 20.63% only in 2017., categories wise analysis revels that this is mainly due to the inclusions of Tanks/Water Bearer 27.51%, Bottled water 6.46% and Filter plant with 0.03%. The percentages are highest in urban areas 31.73%, 8.44% and 0.04% respectively mainly due to quality of water supply at home, which is not suitable for drinking. This shows the diverse trends in the water access and in quality in Urban/Rural areas. The table also reveals that main source used inside the house for drinking water is Motor Pump / Hand Pump (Bore Hole) with 64.39% followed by Tap water with 31.27% which has decreased trend as compared to Census 2017 with 41.71%