The Living Animals of the World, Volume I: Mammals

SCHIPPERKES are of Belgian origin. To those who do not know them, they are something like medium-sized Pomeranians, short of coat, but without tails. They are nearly always pure black in colour, with coats of hardish texture, fullest round the neck and shoulders, the ears standing straight up like darts, short cobby bodies, and straight legs. They make smart guards and companions. CHOWS originally came from China, but are now largely bred here. They are square-built sturdy dogs, with dense coats, tails carried over the side, blunt-pointed ears, and rather short thick heads. They have a little of a large coarse Pomeranian, with something of an Eskimo about them, but are different from either, with a type of their own. The colour is usually some shade of red or black, often with a bluish tinge in it. One marked peculiarity is that the tongues of chows are blue-black in colour. POMERANIANS can be procured of any weight from 3 to 30 Ibs., and of almost every shade of colour. At present brown of various shades is much in favour, but there are many beautiful whites, blacks, blues, sables, and others. They are very sharp and lively, and make charming pets and companions. Really good "specimens command high prices. The illustration is of one of the best of his colour ever seen

Photo by T. Fall] [Baker Street. "Champion Pippin." SAND-DOG. favourite? old-fashioned fawn both and black, are PUGS, of i picture variety,A quaint quite a quaint i.have shouldv u,. in.. and less, and the colour much of Castuie square peculiar rriuThey appearance. soap. hair- V61T quaint

The Dog Family 111

heads and muzzles, with small ears, large protruding eyes, short thick bodies, and tails tightly curled over the back. The illustration, "Duchess of Connaught," is of a well-known winner.

MALTESE TERRIERS are very beautiful when pure bred. They have a long straight coat of silky white hair nearly reaching the ground, black nose and eyes, and the tail curled over the back of their short cobby body. Their beauty well repays the trouble of keeping them in good condition. The illustration, from a photograph taken for this article, is that of the high-class dog " Santa Klaus."

YORKSHIRE TOY TERRIERS, with their steel-blue bodies and golden-tanned faces, legs, and lower parts, and long straight coats, require skilful attention to keep in order, but are very attractive as pets.

TOY SPANIELS are very old members of the toy division,

:dating from or before the time of His Majesty King Charles KING CHARLES SPANIELS being black and tan; PRINCE CHARLES SPANIELS black, white, and tan; another strain, Photo by County of Gloucester Studio, Clidtenham. PUG AND PEKINESE SPANIEL. the BLENHEIM, white, with shades of reddish-tan markings A typical portrait of two well-known winners in varieties.on the head and body, and a spot of same colour on fore- these popular head; and the RUBY, a rich coppery red all over. They should be small and stout in size and shape, without coarseness, long in the ear, with large full protruding eyes of dark colour, a short face, a straight coat, and not leggy.

JAPANESE SPANIELS carry heavy coats, usually black, or yellow, and white in colour, shorter in the ears, which are carried more forward than in the last-named, broader in the muzzle, with nearly flat faces, dark eyes, and bushy tails carried over the back. They have very short legs and their hair nearly reaches the ground as they walk. When I kept them they were.much Ibs. in weight.larger in size, but they are often now produced under 6

PEKIN SPANIELS, the last of the toy spaniels I need mention, come from China. They should have soft fluffy coats, tails inclined to turn over the back, short faces, broad muzzles, large lustrous eyes, and a grave, dignified expression. The colour is usually some shade of tawny fawn or drab, but I have seen them black and dark brown; whatever colour, it should be without white. The illustration, Mrs. Lindsay's " Tartan Plaid," was one of the early importations.

Photo by C. Reid] [ Wishaic, N.B. FOX-TERRIER. A picture full of life and go at present odds:a favour of our friend with the prickly coat.

of the World 112 The Living Animals

Photo by H. Lanavr'j [Baling.

BLENHEIM AND PRINCE CHARLES SPANIELS.

This little group will serve to show the appearance of these charming little pets.

ITALIAN GREYHOUNDS, another old-fashioned variety of toy dog, should not exceed 12 Ibs. less. Much like miniaturein weight, but in my opinion are better if they are some pounds greyhounds in shape and build, they are elegant, graceful little creatures, very sensitive to cold. Shades of fawn, cream, or French grey are most common; but some are slate-blue, chestnut-red, and other tints. Of late years the breed has met with more encouragement, and there is less fear of its being allowed to die out.

GRIFFONS BRUSSELOIS have been greatly taken up the last few years. They are something like Yorkshire toy terriers in size and shape, but with a shortish harsh coat, generally of some shade of reddish brown, very short face, small shining dark eyes, heavy under-jaw, short thick body, and an altogether comical appearance. Imported specimens, particularly before reaching maturity, are often difficult to rear. is remarkable The AFRICAN SAND-DOG occasionally seen in this country (mostly at shows) for being entirely hairless, except a few hairs of a bristly character on the top of the head and a slight tuft at the end of the tail; it is chiefly blue-black or mottled in colour, something in shape and size like a coarse black-and-tan terrier, and very susceptible to cold,

Having been supplied with an illustration of PARIAH PUPPIES, I will say a few words about this variety, which is seen in large numbers at Constantinople and other Eastern cities, where they roam about unclaimed, and act as amateur scavengers; they are said to divide the places they inhabit into districts or beats, each with its own leader, and resent any interference with their authority. I have known cases where they have made a determined attack on travellers out late at night; but they are rather a cowardly race, and easily repulsed with a little firmness on the part of the attacked. Prob- ably these are the descendants of the dogs so often mentioned in Scripture with opprobrium; is even nowand, among Eastern peoples, to Pkoto by the Duchess of Bedford, call a man " a dog " the most insulting epithet that Woburn Abbey. can be used. By the Jews, in ancient times, the dog never seems PARIAH PUPPIES. to have been used, as with us, in hunting and pursuing game seldomThis capitalseen inphotographthis countryof a willvarietybe and wild animals, but merely as a guardian of their flocks, herds, and very interesting. sometimes dwellings.

Photo by Ottomar Anschiitz] (Berlin,

COMMON BROWN BEAR.

In Scandinavia a few still haunt the highest mountain-ridges, as here shown 113 15

CHAPTER VI.

THE BEARS.

in IjEXCEPT the great cats, no creatures have longer held a place fij human interest than the BEARS. Their size and formidable equipment of claws and teeth give the touch of fear which goes with admiration. On the other hand, they do not, as a rule, molest human beings, who see them employing their great strength on apparently insignificant objects with some amusement. Except one species, most bears are largely fruit and vegetable feeders. The sloth-bear of India sucks up ants and grubs with its funnel-like lips; the Malayan bear is a honey-eater by profession, scarcely it can get the bees' store; and only the touching other food when great polar bear is entirely carnivorous. The grizzly bear of the Northern Rocky Mountains is largely a flesh-eater, consuming great quantities of putrid salmon in the Columbian rivers. But the ice-bear is ever on the quest for living or dead flesh; it catches seals, devours young sea-fowl and eggs, and can actually kill and eat the gigantic walrus. Every one will have noticed the deliberate flat-footed walk of the bears. This is due partly to the formation of the feet

Photo by Ottomar Anschiitz, Berlin. themselves. The

AN INVITING ATTITUDE.

whole sole is set flat The upright position is not natural to the brown bear. It prefers to sit upon the ground, on its hams, and not to stand. and the impressions in a bear's track are not unlike those of a man's footsteps. The claws.are not capable of being retracted, like those of the Cats; consequently they are worn at the tips where the curve brings them in contact with the ground. Yet it is surprising what wounds these blunt but hard weapons will inflict on man wounds resembling what might be caused by the use of a very large garden-rake. Against other animals protected by hair bears' claws are of little use. Dogs would never attack them so readily as they do were they armed with the talons Photo by Fratelli AUnari] {Florence. of a leopard or tiger. The flesh-teeth in both THREE PERFORMING BEARS. jaws of the bear are unlike those of other Those on the right and left are Himalayan black bears. The white collar is plainly seen.carnivora. The teeth generally show that 1H

"5 bears have a mixed diet. Bears appear to have descended from some doglike ancestor, but to have been much modified. Except the ice-bear, all the species are short and very bulky. It is said that a polar bear has been killed which weighed 1,000 Ibs. It is far the largest, and most formidable in some respects, of all the Carnivora. The claws of the grizzly bear are sometimes 5 inches long over the outer curve. All bears can sit upright on their hams, and stand upright against a support like a tree. Some can stand upright with no aid at all. Except the grizzly bear, they can all climb, many of them very well. In the winter, if it be cold, they hibernate. In the spring, when the shoots of the early plants come up, they emerge, hungry and thin, to seek their food. Bears were formerly common in Britain, and were exported for the Eoman amphitheatres. The prehistoric cave-bears were very Photo by Ottomar Anschiitz] [Berlin. EUROPEAN BROWN BEAR.large. Their remains have The specimen of the brown bear of Europe from which this picture was taken was an unusually been found in Devon, Derby- light and active bear. Its flanks are almost flat. shire, and other counties. The species inhabiting Britain during the Koman period was the common brown bear of Europe.