Lightning tends to strike in an erupting volcano due to the electrical activity generated within the volcanic plume. As the volcano erupts, it releases ash, gases, and rock fragments into the atmosphere, where colliding particles generate static electricity. This process involves mechanisms such as triboelectric charging, where ash particles rub against each other, and fractoemission, where breaking rock particles create additional charges[2][4][6].
The separation of positive and negative charges occurs in the volcanic plume, leading to a discharge in the form of lightning when the charge builds up sufficiently[1][3][4]. Additionally, the presence of ice particles can also contribute to this electrification, especially in taller plumes[5][6].
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