The fall of Constantinople on May 29, 1453, was primarily due to the military might and strategic planning of Sultan Mehmed II of the Ottoman Empire. He led an army estimated between 60,000 and 120,000 men and employed enormous cannons, including the famous Basilic, to breach the city's defenses [1][4][6][12]. The last Byzantine emperor, Constantine XI, valiantly defended the city, but was ultimately overwhelmed despite his efforts and pleas for help from the West [5][9].

Who was responsible for the fall of Constantinople?

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Who was responsible for the fall of Constantinople?

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