Albert Einstein's major contribution to science was the development of the theories of relativity, both special and general. His special theory of relativity, published in 1905, fundamentally changed our understanding of space and time by merging them into a single continuum and introducing the idea that nothing can travel faster than light[4]. The famous equation E=mc², which he formulated, revealed the equivalence of mass and energy, showing that mass can be converted into energy and vice versa[1][4][5].
In 1915, he published the general theory of relativity, which provided a unified description of gravity as a distortion of space-time caused by mass[2][3]. This theory has been confirmed through various experiments and is essential for understanding phenomena such as black holes and the expansion of the universe[1][4][5]. Additionally, Einstein's work on the photoelectric effect earned him the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921 and played a critical role in the development of quantum mechanics[2][5].
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